Heller Physics Final 2014
The table contains data for two wrecking balls being used to demolish a building. (mass(kg):Velocity (m/s), (100,3), (150,2)) What is the difference in momentum between the two wrecking balls?
0 kgm/s
A student plays the note C at a frequency of 262 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s, what is the wavelength of this wave?
1.30 meters
The diagram below shows a 6.0 V battery connected to three resistors. (parallel circuit left to right: 6V, 6 ohms, 12 ohms, 18 ohms). What is the total current the circuit is drawing from the battery?
1.8 A
The graph below represents the relationship between the current in a metallic conductor and the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature. (Current A on x axis, Potential difference V on y axis. Points: (.5,1) (1,2) (1.5,3)). The resistance of the conductor is?
2.0 ohms
Which of the following has the greatest momentum?
2000 kg truck traveling at 9 m/s
An appliance draws 4 A of current when connected to 120 V. What is the resistance of the appliance?
30 ohms
A cello string has a natural frequency of 110 Hz. At what frequency will this string also be resonant?
55 Hz
5cm wave (n shape) and 10cm wave (u shape) towards each other. Which diagram best represents the superposition of the two pulses?
5cm (u shape)
Which illustration best demonstrates longitudinal waves?
Coiled spring. (tighter coiled in some places than others.)
The spreading of a sound wave around a corner, through an opening, or into the region behind an obstruction is called
diffraction
The pitch of a sound made by plucking a violin string is determined by the:
frequency of the sound produced
A student is shaking one end of a small rug with a ball on top of it. The wave that is produced travels through the rug and moves the ball upward, as shown in the diagram below. (shakes rug up and down) Which type of wave is produced in the rug?
transverse
A physics student notices that 4.0 waves arrive at the beach every 20. seconds. The frequency of these waves is
0.2 Hz
A wave has a period of 5.0 seconds. What is the frequency of the wave?
0.2 Hz
How much current is flowing through this circuit? (4 Volts, Resistor 12.5 ohms)
0.32 A
A ball moving at 30 m/s has a momentum of 15 kg·m/s. The mass of the ball is -
0.5 kg
In this circuit, how much current flows through the light bulb? (battery 1.5 volts, light bulb 2 ohms)
0.75 amp
A standing wave is produced in a string when a periodic wave is passed through the string and is reflected off the fixed end. The wavelength of the wave in the string shown below is 0.50 m and its speed is 20.0 m/s. The length of the string is ? (dotted line splitting 3 identical ovals horizontally that stop on the right by a solid black line.)
0.75m
The amplitude of the wave below is? (3 crests above and 3 crests below horizontal middle line wave is on. Pattern: nununu. height crest to crest is 2cm, length from beginning of wave to end is 12cm.)
1 cm
A person creates a longitudinal wave by shouting into a tube in the direction indicated by the arrow on the diagram below. (right) The dot inside the tube represents an air particle in the tube before the wave reaches it. Which of the following diagrams best represents the motion of the air particle when the wave travels through the tube?
1. (Particle in tube with arrows left and right)
Which diagram represents the electric field lines between two small electrically charged spheres?
1. negative on left positive on right with arrows moving from positive to negative making a football shape
A 9-volt battery is connected to a 4-ohm resistor and a 5-ohm resistor as shown in the diagram below. What is the current in the 5-ohm resistor?
1.0 A
A simple circuit has a current of 3.0 A and a resistance of 5.0 ohms. What is the voltage supplied by the battery of this circuit?
15.0 V
The diagram below represents the magnetic field near point P. (PointP in middle of 6 slanted arrows going NE) If a compass is placed at point P in the same plane as the magnetic field, which arrow represents the direction the north end of the compass needle will point?
2. slanted arrow going NE
A 0.500 kg ball with a speed of 4.0 m/s strikes a stationary 1.0 kg target. If momentum is conserved, meaning the total momentum of a system before a collision must equal the total momentum of they system after a collision, what is the total momentum of this ball and target after the collision?
2.0 kgm/s
Radar works by sending out radio signals. The reflected signals are measured and analyzed to determine some of the characteristics of the object that reflected the signals. One type of radar emits radio signals having a wavelength of 1.5 meters. What is the frequency of these signals?
2.0 x 10^8 Hz
The ball in the diagram is moving at a speed of 12 m/s. (mass: 0.20kg) What is the momentum of the ball in kg · m/s?
2.4
What is the magnitude of the momentum of a 0.50 kg ball moving in a straight line at 5.0 m/s?
2.5 kg • m/s
The graph below shows displacement versus time for a particle of a uniform medium as a wave passes through the medium. (displacement (m) on y axis .01 to -.01 time on x axis (sec) wave going unun, crests at .01. First un ending at .05sec and 0m, second un ending at .10sec and 0m.) What is the frequency of the wave?
20 Hz
What is the amplitude of the wave above? (Graph Distance(Y axis cm) vs. Time(X axis sec): M shape with points (0,0), (20,40), (40,0), (60,40), (80,0))
20 cm
A stretched string of length 8m vibrates at a frequency of 50 Hz producing a standing wave pattern with 4 loops. What is the speed of the wave?
200 m/s
On a cello, the natural frequency of a 48 cm string is 180 Hz. What is the natural frequency of a 36 cm string?
240 Hz
An object with a mass of 3 kg has a momentum of 75 kg • m/s. What is its velocity?
25 m/s
When a paper is put over a magnet and iron filings are sprinkled on top of the paper, the filings orient themselves to the magnetic field of the magnet below the paper. Which of the following images shows a piece of paper with metal filings above two bar magnets that have both their south poles facing each other?
3. magnets with nothing between them and arches on top and bottom of each of them.
In which situation is light traveling through a vacuum? 1: 3.0x10^8 2: 2.2x10^8 3: 1.9x10^8 4: 1.7x10^8
3.0x10^8
Precise measuring instruments require shock absorbers to eliminate small vibrations that can affect the results of an experiment. One type of shock absorber that can be used is an electromagnet that repels a magnetic platform placed above it. Which of the following setups would provide the greatest lift to the platform?
4. 7 coils around tube and 2 batteries.
In which circuit represented below are meters properly connected to measure the current through resistor R1 and the potential difference across resistor R2?
4. Parallel circuit. top to bottom: Battery, Resistor 1 next to (A), Resistor 2, (V) brackets around R2
Which circuit has the smallest equivalent resistance?
4. parallel circuit Left to right: 1.5 volts, 5 ohms resistor, 5 ohms resistor, 5 ohms resistor.
What is the period of the wave above? (Graph Distance(Y axis cm) vs. Time(X axis sec): M shape with points (0,0), (20,40), (40,0), (60,40), (80,0))
40 sec.
A circuit diagram is shown below. (parallel circuit left to right: 10V, 2 ohms, 6 ohms). What is the current through the 2ohms resistor?
5.0 A
A wave generator located 4.0 meters from a reflecting wall produces a standing wave in a string, as shown in the diagram below. (left to right: wave generator, waves making double infinity, wall. Generator to wall is 4m.) If the speed of the wave is 10. meters per second, what is its frequency?
5.0 Hz
The potential difference across a resistor is 12 V. When a current of 5 A is flowing through this resistor, what is the power used by the resistor?
60 W
The periodic wave in the diagram below has a frequency of 40. hertz. (crest to crest is 1.5m) What is the speed of the wave?
60 m/s
The pictures show how an air bag functions in a collision. How much momentum in kg m/s does the air bag absorb from the crash-test dummy if all the crash-test dummy's momentum is absorbed by the air bag? (1. Car Velocity=6.3 m/s, Driver Velocity= 6.3 m/s, Driver Mass= 100 kg, 2. CV= 0m/s, DV= 6.3 m/s, DM= 100 kg, 3. CV= 0 m/s, DV= 0m/s, DM= 100kg)
630 kgm/s
The diagram below shows a circuit with a 12 V battery connected in series with a 4 Ohm resistor and a 2 Ohm resistor. Two points in the circuit are labeled X and Y. (12V on left, point X above battery, point Y center north side, 4 ohms resistor on right, 2 ohms resistor south). Calculate the voltage drop across the 4ohm resistor.
8
While playing, two children create a standing wave in a rope, as shown in the diagram below. A third child participates by jumping the rope. What is the wavelength of this standing wave? (2 people on both ends of rope creating football shape, top outline of football shape dotted and bottom solid. Hand to hand holding the rope while someone jumps is 4.3m)
8.60m
Suppose a scientist detects an electromagnetic wave with a frequency higher than those of gamma rays. The scientist labels this wave a Z-ray. Which of the following would always be true of a Z-ray?
A Z-ray would have a shorter wavelength than gamma rays.
The 500 g cart is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Which of the following must the 250 g toy car have in order to maintain the same momentum as the cart?
A constant velocity of 4 m/s
The diagram below shows the magnetic field lines between two magnetic poles, A and B. (Mag a on left, Mag b on right. Arrows from mag b toward mag a). Which statement describes the polarity of magnetic poles A and B?
A is a south pole and B is a north pole.
Which of the following statements describes how an generator creates electricity?
A magnet is rotated through a coil of wire to produce an electric current.
What are the amplitude and wavelength of the wave shown below? (nunun crest to crest height of .2m, length of whole sequence is 1.5m)
Amplitude = 0.1 m Wavelength = 0.6 m
A positive test charge is placed between an electron, e, and a proton, p, as shown in the diagram below. (compass style: A at North, B at East with electron, C at South, D at West with proton, Test Charge in the center) When the test charge is released, it will move toward?
B
The diagram below shows the lines of magnetic force between two north magnetic poles. (magnetic force between mags is curving back around to the mag it came from avoiding force of the other mag. Makes diamond shape. A is center between mags, B is close to the left mag in center, C in top on left side, D on bottom right side.) At which point is the magnetic field strength strongest?
B
Which circuit is built so that if one light bulb goes out, the other three light bulbs will continue to glow?
Battery and switch connected to 4 different light bulbs on different branches, not connected to each other
The diagram below shows a beam of electrons fired through the region between two oppositely charged parallel plates in a cathode ray tube. (Neg. plate on top, pos. on bottom. A goes thru plates ending at top of cone shape at the end of the tube, B ends middle of cone shape, C at bottom of cone shape, D goes out and curves to come back in and ends just to the right of the neg. plate.) After passing between the charged plates, the electrons will most likely travel path?
C
Students use rope to model radio waves and microwaves. (Micro has same number of waves as Radio in a shorter period or distance.) Compared to the model of radio waves, the model of microwaves has a greater -
Frequency
Which of the following has a frequency of 7 Hz?
Has seven crests on both top and bottom
An ammeter measures the current in the circuit shown below. (battery on left, (a) on top, resistor on right, X below resistor on right). When the piece of wire labeled X is replaced by a second identical R, which of the following happens to the current?
It decreases.
The diagram below shows a simple electric circuit. (battery on left, Light bulb on right) Which of the following statements describes the function of the battery?
It pushes electrons through the circuit.
Which of the following would be an advantage of using a 42 V battery in a car instead of a 12 V battery?
It would produce the same amount of power using less current.
Removal of which light bulb will interrupt the circuit and cause all the other light bulbs to fail to glow? (Basket ball court style, square in middle with a bulb on each side of center court square, R on left of square. Q on upper part of half court. S on the left of the lower side line. T on right of lower sideline closest to the generator)
Lightbulb T.
Which of the following statements best describes a difference between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves travel only through a medium, while electromagnetic waves can also travel through a vacuum.
The diagram below shows an electrical circuit with three bulbs and three switches. The switches are labeled X, Y, and Z. When all three switches are closed, as shown, all three bulbs are lit. (parallel circuit. Left to right: Battery, Switch X on north before branches start, Switch Y and bulb 1 on first branch, Bulb 2 and 3 on 2nd branch with Switch Z in middle of them). Which of the following statements describes what will happen if switch Z is opened?
Only bulb 1 will be lit.
Which wave diagram has both wavelength (λ) and amplitude (A) labeled correctly?
Pattern: nunu on horizontal line. A is height of wave n (height from separating horizontal line to crest). Wavelength is first point from n to last point of u (beginning of top arch at the horizontal line to the end of the bottom arch at the horizontal line).
Which ray diagram best represents the phenomenon of refraction?
Ray through water at an angle of about 60 and ray out of water through air at an angle of about 45
When a DVD is read, laser light touches the DVD surface and is then measured at location A. What allows light to return to location A after striking the DVD surface? (DVD is flat with A above it and a ray directly from A to the DVD)
Reflection
A magnetic compass is placed near an insulated copper wire. Which of the following is the best explanation for the position of the compass needle in relation to the copper wire?
The compas needle is always pointed perpendicular to the copper wire
A magnetic compass is placed near an insulated copper wire. When the wire is connected to a battery, the compass needle changes position. Which of the following is the best explanation for the movement of the needle?
The current in the wire produces a magnetic field and exerts a force on the needle.
Based on Ohm's law, which of the following statements explains what must happen when the voltage across a resistor is decreased?
The current through the resistor decreases.
Why does a compass always point north?
The north side of the compass is attracted to Earth's magnetic south pole, which is geographically north.
A F1 race car emits a certain pitch, which is heard by a observers. In which of the following situations would the observer perceive the highest frequency of sound?
The observer is stationary while the race car drives toward the observer at 200 mph.
Two positively charged objects are separated by a large distance. One of the positively charged objects is replaced by a negatively charged object, and the two objects are moved closer to each other. Which of the following occurs in this situation?
The repulsive force becomes an attractive force, which increases as the objects move closer to each other.
The diagram shows waves approaching a barrier (barrier has a gap). Which pattern will be formed after the waves pass through the opening in the barrier?
The waves pass through getting bigger the farther away from the barrier in an outward motion.
Two wave pulses are traveling on a rope in opposite directions, as shown in the diagrams. The wave pulses have the same length and amplitude.When wave X meets wave Y, what will most likely be the appearance of the resulting pulse? (both waves same size in U shape traveling towards each other)
Wave doubles in size. Combines to become one wave in the U shape.
The distance between two charges is represented by d. In which of the following diagrams is the attractive force between the two charges the greatest?
X. (2+) d (2-)
A loud buzzer is swinging like a pendulum. An observer is near one end of the buzzer's path, as shown below. Which of the following describes and explains what the observer hears as the buzzer moves away from him?
a higher-pitched buzz than the buzzer's normal sound because the sound waves are arriving more frequently
In the figure below, how do the frequencies of the waves in pictures a and c compare? (A: shape of an narrow football. C looks like 2 infinities together.)
a's frequency is one-quarter of c's.
The loudness of a sound wave is determined by the ___ of the wave.
amplitude
Which component in the diagram converts chemical energy into electrical energy? (W: switch, X: battery, Y: resistor, Z light bulb)
component X
Microwaves are waves that result through the interaction of
electric and magnetic fields
The diagram below shows a bar magnet within a coil of conducting wire. The magnet is moved back and forth. The magnet never has contact with the wire. (Tube coiled in wire. N on left S on right with top arrow going thru tube toward S and bottom arrow going thru tube toward N). As the magnet is moved, the wire will
have an electric current.
In a generator the uses magnets to produce electricity, what effect does an increase in the magnetic field strength within the generator produce?
higher voltage
Which of the following is designed to produce an electromagnetic wave?
laser pointer
A star suddenly explodes. Which of the following types of waves reach Earth's surface?
light only
Electric charges can move most easily on which of the following objects?
metal plates
A balloon is rubbed against a sweater. Which of the following occurs because of the rubbing?
movement of negatively charged particles from one material to the other
Magnetic fields can be produced by particles that are?
moving and charged
Students use a rope to model a standing wave. Points on the rope that have the least vibration are called -
nodes
An electron is located in the electric field between two parallel metal plates as shown in the diagram below. (Metal plate A on top connected to 110-V source, Metal Plate B on bottom to same source. Electron between both plates) If the electron is attracted to plate B, then plate B is charged
positively, and the electric field is directed from plate B toward plate A
When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as —
refraction
The diagram below shows a bar magnet. (North on left south on right, Point A right below magnet in the middle of N and S) What is the direction of a compass needle placed at point A?
right
The diagram below shows a bar magnet. (South on left, North on right, Point A right by magnet at S) What is the direction of a compass needle placed at point A?
right
Ultraviolet and x-ray radiation can damage human cells. Which of the following is a property of these two forms of radiation?
short wavelength
Which of the following is not an example of resonance?
sound echoing in a canyon
The diagram below shows two students making a wave with a coiled spring. (sping is more condensed at both ends and in middle, wider in between these place.) Which of the following waves move most like the wave in the coiled spring?
sound waves
Which characteristic is the same for every color of light in a vacuum?
speed
The diagram below shows a light ray striking a plane mirror surface at an angle of 40° to the normal. Which of the following diagrams shows the ray that is reflected from the plane mirror surface?
the ray goes out the opposite way at the same angle away from the normal.
An electron placed between oppositely charged parallel plates A and B moves toward plate A, as represented in the diagram below. (electron on top of plate B moving up toward Plate A. A on top B on bottom) What is the direction of the electric field between the plates?
toward plate B
A beam of electrons is directed into the electric field between two oppositely charged parallel plates, as shown in the diagram below. (electron beam goes through top neg plate and bottom pos plate) The electrostatic force exerted on the electrons by the electric field is directed?
toward the bottom of the page
In an electromagnetic wave, an electric field exists perpendicular to a magnetic field, and both fields are perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave. These characteristics indicate that an electromagnetic wave is which of the following wave types?
transverse
