Hematology final IRSC
life span of a neutrophil is about this long?
10 Hours
Normal Value RDW
11.5-14.5%
Normal Value Platelets
150,000 - 400,000/µl
When testing new lot controls it must be run this many days before its mean and standard deviation are established
20 Different Days
Normal Value MCH
27-29
Normal Value MCHC
32-36%
Normal Value WBC
5,000 - 10,000/µl
Normal value MCV
80-100 FI
ratio of blood to anticoagulant
9 to 1
In storage pool diseases, platelets are primarily deficient in this?
ADW
MOST COMMON LABORATORY TEST TO MONITOR HEPARIN THERAPY
APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)
The principle energy source for erythocytes generated by anaerobic glycolysis.
ATP
Peritoneal lavage is performed to detect ?
Abdominal Bleeding
The patient has abrupt onset of symptoms, a low white count, low platelet count, anemia, and 60% blasts suggests?
Acute Leukemia
Disease that is most closely associated with mucopolysaccharidosis
Alder Reilly Anomaly
A test used in order to detect neural tube defects
Alpha Fetoprotein
it is a manifestation of an underlying disease
Anemia
Insect vector for malaria is?
Anopheles Mosquito
A lymph B-cell produces?
Antibody
An increase of polymorphonucler cells may indicate this type of infection?
Bacteria
colorless cytoplasm with large purplish-black granules, least often seen wbc seen on a normal blood smear. Involves in immediate hypersensitivity reactions.
Basophil
Multiple dark blue particiles of varying size scattered throughout the cytoplasm of erythrocytes is called?
Basophilic-Stippling
PROLONGED BLEEDING TIME , thrombocytopenia and GIANT PLATELTS BEST DESCRIBE THIS SYNDROME, defect of platelet adhesion.
Bernard Soulier Syndrome
Smudge cells are frequently evident in? Most common type of leukemia.
CLL (Chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, reciprocal translocation of material between 9 and 22 chromosome, present in 90% of patients with this leukemia
CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)
Required in the extrinsic,intrinsic, and common pathways
Calcium
Dilution is an indication of?
Concentration
Chemicals such as sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid should be labeled?
Corrosive
The WBC, RBC, and Platelet count of a patient with pernicious anemia is usually?
Decreased
Most diagnostic information obtained from a CBC is the?
Differential Smear
On a Wright-stained blood smear small pale blue inclusions are noted in neutrophils, these inclusions are?Inclusion seen in leukocytes
Dohle Bodies
An anticoagulant that acts by removal of Ca by chelation
EDTA
A non-specific screening test for inflammation.
ESR
Colorless cytoplasma with large red refractile granules. This wbc is increased in parasitic infections
Eosinophil
parasitic infections and allergies often cause?
Eosinophilia
Result from inflammation of the serous membrane and directly affect the serous membranes
Exudate Fluids
Type of AML that is associated with DIC. t(15q+;17q-)
FAB M3
THE FACTOR DEFICIENCY THAT PROTHROMBIN TIME IS MOST SENSITIVE TO IS WHICH FACTOR? If a patient has a prolonged PT, most likely the patient is deficient in this factor
Factor VII
Storage form of iron and best overall picture of a patient's iron stores. Major iron storage
Ferritin
Most common vitamin deficiency in the United States
Folic Acid
Wrinkled cytoplasm due to an accumulation of glucocerebroside
Gauchers Cell
PATIENTS WITH BERNARD-SOULIER SYNDROME HAVE?
Giant Platelets
Should be 60-70% of the normal blood level
Glucose in spinal fluid
positive acid phosphatase stain, has hairlike projections,in contrast with other leukemias presents with pancytopenia, HCL, a chronic leukemia of leukemia of lymphocytic origin
Hairy Cell Leukemia
The ratio of red blood cell volume, expressed as a percentage (vol%) is termed? It is also a measure of packed red cell volume.
Hematocrit (Hct)
Largest quantity of normal body iron is found in, 70% of body iron is found in the form of?
Hemoglobin
Most likely cause of an elevated potassium level in a normal individual
Hemolysis
Antithrombin III is enhanced by this?
Heparin
Can also be called a PMN, segmented neutrophil or polymorphonuclear neutrophil.
Heterophil
Seen in viral infection
High percent of mononuclear cells
An RBC inclusion
Howell Jolly Body
five or more nuclear segments
Hypersegmentation
Variation in RBC color
Hypochromia
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is an enzyme that is present in?
Immature Lymphocytes
CSF specimens should be delivered to the lab?
Immediately
Heparin acts by?
Inhibiting Thrombin
Protein responsible for vitamin B12 absorption into the blood stream
Intrinsic Factor
Chronic blood loss can lead to?
Iron Defiency
Smaller blasts, homogeneous chromatin suggest this FAB classification of ALL?
L1
ELEVATED WBC WITH A LEFT SHIFT, TOXIC GRANULATION, VACUOLES, DOHLE BODIES AND AN INCREASED LAP IS A?
Leukemoid Reaction
needed for defense against foreign antigens
Leukocytes
WBC count high as in bacteria infection or leukemia
Leukocytosis
Decreased white blood count, as in a patient receiving chemotherapy.
Leukopenia
MOST If not all of the coagulant factors are produced in the?
Liver
The cytochemical stain, peroxidase, is negative for?
Lymphocytes
In the adult, lymphocytes are principally produced in the?
Lymphoid Tissue
10 TO 1 or higher, hallmark of CML
M/E Ratio of CML (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia)
Hbg/RBC * 100=
MCH
Hgb/Hct * 100=
MCHC
Hct/RBC * 100=
MCV
RBC index that is used to describe average RBC size is the ?
MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)
An example of alteration in RBC size
Macrocytic
The immediate precursor of the band polymorphonuclear neutrophil is the?
Metamyelocyte
Reagent which is the fixative incorporated in the Wright's Stain.
Methanol
Beginning of neutrophilic differentiation begins at this stage. Also the most mature cell that can undergo mitosis.
Myelocyte
RNA remnants in red blood cells are visualized by this supravital stain.
New methalyne-blue
Rules out acute leukemia
Normal Platelet Count
Diluting fluid of choice for a synovial fluid cell count
Normal Saline
Proteins, such as antibody and complement, that aid phagocytosis of microorganisms are called?
Opsonins
Refers to the platelet parameter of variation in cell size
PDW (Platelet Distribution Width)
TEST USED TO MONITOR ORAL ANTICOAGULANT (COUMADIN, WARFARIN) THERAPY
PT (prothrombin time)
A few dark staining granular inclusions located near the periphery of an erythrocyte are most likely?
Pappenheimer-Bodies
Fluid surrounding the heart
Pericardial Fluid
Fluid collected by paracentesis is called?
Peritoneal
the presence of these cells circulating in the blood is a late finding in advanced multiple myeloma
Plasma cells
AIDS WALDENSTROM'S MARCOGLOBULINEMIA PATIENT IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE BY REMOVING IgM FROM CIRCULATION
Plasmapheresis
Requires the presence of von Willebrand factor to work
Platelet Adhesion
Fluid surrounding the lungs
Pleural Fluid
IS NOT PROLONGED IN G6PD DEFICIENCY, also dependent on vitamin K synthesis
Prothrombin Time
A stain used for iron
Prussian Blue
Variation in RBC size is expressed by the?
RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width)
results may be either above or below the mean
Random Error
The number contained in the yellow section of the diamond label represents this hazard?
Reactivity
A large cell, prone to developing multiple and bizarre nuclei characteristics diagnostic for Hodgkin's disease
Reed Sternberg cell
This test best determines the adequacy of production of RBCs in the bone marrow, also when polychromasia is increased this count should also be elevated.
Reticulocyte Count
A miller disk is an ocular device used to facilitate the counting of? Also contains RNA and is usually identified by staining with brilliant cresyl blue or new methylene blue.
Reticulocytes
Asssociated with erythroleukemia
Ringed Sideroblasts
MULTIPLE MYELOMA WOULD SHOW THIS WITH THE RBC'S
Rouleaux
A good way to monitor precision is by doing this?
Run duplicate assays
An example of alteration in RBC shape
Schistocyte
A red blood cell that has lived it's life span.
Senescent
Fluid contained in pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural cavities
Serous Fluid
liquid portion of a clotted specimen
Serum
An increase in immature cell types such as metamyelocytes, myelocytes, and promyelocytes can be referred to as? Refers to immature granulocytes. Most likely occurs in bacterial infections.
Shift to the left
The anticoagulant of choice for routine coagulation procedures
Sodium Citrate
This organ acts as a site for the removal of imperfect and aging cells.
Spleen
Used to stain neutral fats, phospholipids, and sterols. Stains lipid and correlates with the peroxidase stain
Sudan Black B
Stain used to view polychromatic red cells as reticulocytes.
Supravital Stain
disease results from decreased globin synthesis is called?
Thalassemia
Low platelet count as in chemo or acute leukemia.
Thrombocytopenia
When the expected platelet count falls well below the normal range, less than 100K
Thrombocytopenia
High platelet count as in TB or CGL
Thrombocytosis
test that distinguishes iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic infection
Total iron binding capacity
Plasma protein that transports iron
Transferrin
Yellow discoloration of spinal fluid is referred to as:
Xanthochromia
refers to a disorder in which there is increased destruction of RBCs
hemolytic disorder
Correct WBC Count
wbc count * 100/100+#nRBCs