HESI Pharmacology

The nurse has provided instruction to a client with chronic kidney disease who has a prescription for epoetin alfa. Which statement by the client indicates that teaching was effective? "I have to receive this medication subcutaneously." "I will receive this medication through intramuscular injection." "This medication has to be administered using the Z-track method." "I will take this medication orally with the rest of my morning pills."

"I have to receive this medication subcutaneously."

A home health nurse visits a client who suffered a back injury. On reviewing the primary health care provider's prescriptions, the nurse notes that codeine sulfate has been prescribed for the client, and the nurse provides instructions to the client regarding the medication. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates an understanding of health measures related to the medication? "The medication is not addicting." "I would watch out for diarrhea as a side effect." "I need increase my fluid intake while taking this medication." "I need to be sure to eat foods that are low in fiber to prevent diarrhea."

"I need increase my fluid intake while taking this medication."

A client has been started on zolpidem. After instructing the client in how to obtain the maximal effect of zolpidem, the nurse determines that the client demonstrates understanding of correct administration of the medication by which statement? "I take the medication just after my evening meal." "I wait until bedtime and take the medication with a snack." "I need to swallow the medication whole with a full glass of water." "I take the medication with milk or an antacid to avoid stomach upset."

"I need to swallow the medication whole with a full glass of water."

An adolescent with severe cystic acne has been prescribed isotretinoin. Which statement by the client would suggest the need for further teaching? "I will return to the clinic for blood tests." "If my lips begin to burn, it is probably because of the medication." "My eyes may become dry and burn as a result of the medication." "I need to take my vitamin A supplement so that the treatment will work."

"I need to take my vitamin A supplement so that the treatment will work."

Atenolol has been prescribed for a client, and the nurse provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching? "I need to rise slowly from a lying to a sitting position." "If I feel that my heart rate is too low, I need to stop the medication." "It will take 1 to 2 weeks before my blood pressure becomes controlled." "I need to avoid tasks that require alertness until I know how the medication will affect my body."

"If I feel that my heart rate is too low, I need to stop the medication."

The nurse is providing education to a client with type 2 diabetes about starting insulin glargine to help with improved glycemic control. Which statement made by the client indicates understanding? "It has a distinct peak." "It can be given intravenously." "It has a decreased risk for hypoglycemia." "I don't have to perform fingerstick glucose monitoring."

"It has a decreased risk for hypoglycemia."

The nurse has just administered the first dose of omalizumab to a client with asthma. Which statement by the client alerts the nurse of a life-threatening effect? "I have a severe headache." "My feet are quite swollen." "I am nauseated and may vomit." "My lips and tongue are swollen."

"My lips and tongue are swollen."

A client with muscle aches and a diagnosis of rheumatism has been given a prescription for capsaicin topical cream. The nurse determines that the client understands the use of the medication if the client makes which statement? "The medication will act as a local analgesic." "The medication acts by decreasing muscle spasms." "The medication will cause redness, flaking, and the skin to peel." "A heating pad would be put on the area after applying the medication."

"The medication will act as a local analgesic."

A client received 20 units of Humulin N insulin subcutaneously at 08:00. At what time would the nurse plan to assess the client for a hypoglycemic reaction? 10:00 11:00 17:00 24:00

17:00

The nurse is monitoring a client receiving glipizide. The nurse knows that which finding would indicate a therapeutic outcome for this client? A decrease in polyuria An increase in appetite A glycosylated hemoglobin of 10% A fasting blood glucose of 220 mg/dL (12.6 mmol/L)

A decrease in polyuria

Dantrolene sodium has been administered to a client with a spinal cord injury. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication if which is noted? Dizziness Drowsiness Abdominal pain Light-headedness

Abdominal pain

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving asparaginase. The nurse would monitor the client for improvement of which condition? Lung cancer Breast cancer Metastatic prostate cancer Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

The nurse has completed medication administration that included a nitroglycerin. Within minutes, the client is complaining of a headache. Which is the priority nursing action at this time? Evaluate pupil response. Place the client on the left side. Administer the prescribed analgesic. Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP) immediately.

Administer the prescribed analgesic.

The nurse developing a teaching plan for a client being prescribed phenelzine sulfate would instruct the client to avoid which item? Vasodilators Aged cheeses Digitalis preparations Cherries and blueberries

Aged cheeses

A client is scheduled to receive a first dose of pentamidine intravenously. What would the nurse plan to carefully monitor as the priority during administration of the first dose? Pulse rate Breath sounds Blood pressure Respiratory rate

Blood pressure

The primary health care provider (PHCP) writes a prescription for carbamazepine for a client who was admitted to the hospital. The nurse contacts the PHCP to verify the prescription if which condition is noted in the assessment data? Hypertension Tonic-clonic seizures Trigeminal neuralgia Bone marrow depression

Bone marrow depression

The nurse is giving the client directions for proper use of aluminum hydroxide tablets. What would the nurse tell the client? Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Take the tablets at the same time as other medications. Take each dose with a laxative to prevent constipation. Chew the tablets thoroughly and follow with 8 oz of water.

Chew the tablets thoroughly and follow with 8 oz of water.

The nurse is reviewing a client's medication reconciliation form in the medical record and notes that the client is taking tamsulosin at home. Which medication, if started in the hospital, would the nurse question? Lisinopril Valsartan Metoprolol Cimetidine

Cimetidine

A client begins therapy with theophylline. The nurse plans to teach the client to limit the intake of which items while taking this medication? Coffee, cola, and chocolate Oysters, lobster, and shrimp Melons, oranges, and pineapple Cottage cheese, cream cheese, and dairy creamers

Coffee, cola, and chocolate

A client taking verapamil has been given information about side effects of this medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the information if the client states to watch for which most common side effect of this medication? Weight loss Constipation Nasal stuffiness Abdominal cramping

Constipation

A client with a burn injury is applying mafenide acetate cream to the wound. The client calls the primary health care provider's (PHCP's) office and tells the nurse that the medication is uncomfortable and is causing a burning sensation. The nurse would instruct the client to take which action? Discontinue the medication. Continue with the treatment, as this is expected. Apply a thinner film than prescribed to the burn site. Come to the office to see the PHCP immediately.

Continue with the treatment, as this is expected.

A client who has sustained an eye injury has been prescribed prednisolone. The nurse would most carefully monitor for side and adverse effects of this medication if the client has which health problem listed on the medical record? Cirrhosis Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Chronic constipation

Diabetes mellitus

Capecitabine has been prescribed for a client with breast cancer, and the client asks the nurse about the side effects of the medication. The nurse responds that a frequent side effect of this medication is which finding? Diarrhea Weakness Irritability Increased appetite

Diarrhea

The nurse has given a client taking ethambutol information about the medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the instructions if the client states that he or she will immediately report which finding? Impaired sense of hearing Gastrointestinal side effects Orange-red discoloration of body secretions Difficulty in discriminating the color red from green

Difficulty in discriminating the color red from green

Gemfibrozil is prescribed for a client. Which laboratory finding would alert the nurse to the need to withhold the medication and contact the primary health care provider? Elevated glucose Elevated triglycerides Elevated liver function tests Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Elevated liver function tests

A pregnant client of 30 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital unit in preterm labor. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of betamethasone, which has been prescribed by the primary health care provider (PHCP). The nurse would tell the client that the medication will promote which action? Delay delivery. Prevent membrane rupture. Enhance fetal lung maturity. Stop the premature uterine contractions.

Enhance fetal lung maturity.

The nurse is monitoring a client in preterm labor who is receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate. The nurse would monitor for which adverse effects of this medication? Select all that apply. Flushing Hypertension Increased urine output Depressed respirations Extreme muscle weakness Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Flushing Depressed respirations Extreme muscle weakness

The nurse suspects that a client prescribed clomipramine hydrochloride has been noncompliant with taking the medication as prescribed. Which client behavior would support the nurse's suspicion? Tired, fatigued appearance Complaints of hunger and fatigue Frequently checking for the car key Slight dizziness when standing up quickly

Frequently checking for the car key

The nurse is collecting subjective and objective data from a client and notes that the client is taking zidovudine. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed to treat which condition? Ulcerative colitis Hyperthyroidism Addison's disease Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

The clinic nurse develops a plan of care for a client with emphysema who will be started on long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which specific instruction would the nurse include in the plan of care? Instruct the client to maintain a low-potassium diet. Encourage the client to consume a fluid intake of 3000 mL/day. Encourage the client to increase the amount of sodium intake in the diet. Instruct the client to return to the clinic for monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Instruct the client to return to the clinic for monitoring of blood glucose levels.

Azathioprine is prescribed for a client to suppress rejection of a renal transplant. In planning for administration of the medication, the nurse understands that which description is the mechanism of action of this medication? It crosslinks DNA. It blocks all T-cell functions. It inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. It decreases the activity of thymus-derived lymphocytes.

It inhibits the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes.

A client is taking clorazepate. The client asks the nurse if there is a risk of addiction with this medication. Which information would the nurse provide? It is not habit forming either physically or psychologically. It leads to physical tolerance, but only after 10 or more years of therapy. It leads to physical and psychological dependence with prolonged high-dose therapy. It can result in psychological dependence only because of the nature of the medication.

It leads to physical and psychological dependence with prolonged high-dose therapy.

The nurse is preparing to administer prescribed medications to a client with hepatic encephalopathy. The nurse anticipates that the primary health care provider's prescriptions will include which medication? Bisacodyl Lactulose Magnesium hydroxide Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

Lactulose

When teaching a client with glaucoma about the effects of a miotic medication, the nurse would tell the client that the medication will produce which effect? Reshape the lens to eliminate blurred vision Dilate the pupil to reduce intraocular pressure Interrupt the drainage of aqueous humor from the eye Lower intraocular pressure and improve blood flow to the retina

Lower intraocular pressure and improve blood flow to the retina

A client with recurrent constipation has been prescribed psyllium, powdered form. Teaching provided by the nurse would include which instruction? Take the powder with food. Sprinkle the powder on top of a hot beverage. Mix the powder with warm applesauce. Mix the powder with a full glass of water or juice followed by drinking an additional glass of liquid.

Mix the powder with a full glass of water or juice followed by drinking an additional glass of liquid.

A client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine. The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which manifestation indicates an adverse effect specific to this medication? Diarrhea Hair loss Chest pain Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy

The nurse is preparing to ambulate a client with Parkinson's disease who has recently been started on levodopa/carbidopa. Before performing this activity with the client, the nurse would include which most important assessment in the client's plan of care? History of falls Use of assistive devices Postural (orthostatic) vital signs Degree of exhibited intention tremor

Postural (orthostatic) vital signs

A client receiving heparin sodium by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion removes the tubing from the pump to change his hospital gown. The nurse is concerned that the client received a bolus of medication. After requesting a prescription for a stat partial thromboplastin time (PTT), the nurse would check for the availability of which medication in the medication cart? Enoxaparin Phytonadione Protamine sulfate Aminocaproic acid

Protamine sulfate

The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking hydrocodone for the last 3 months. For which side and adverse effects of this medication would the nurse assess the client? Tachycardia and hypertension Diarrhea and abdominal cramping Psychological and physical dependence Increased respiratory rate and bronchospasm

Psychological and physical dependence

Oxybutynin chloride is prescribed for a client with urge incontinence. Which sign would indicate a possible toxic effect related to this medication? Pallor Drowsiness Bradycardia Restlessness

Restlessness

Atenolol has been prescribed for a client, and the client asks the nurse about the action of the medication. How would the nurse respond regarding the action of this medication? Slows the heart rate Increases cardiac output Increases myocardial oxygen demand Maintains the blood pressure at a level within the 140/90 mm Hg range

Slows the heart rate

A client has been given a prescription for sulfasalazine. Which allergy would the nurse assess for in the client prior to administration? Sulfonamides or salicylates Salicylates or acetaminophen Shellfish or calcium channel blockers Histamine receptor antagonists or beta blockers

Sulfonamides or salicylates

The primary health care provider prescribes cromolyn for the client with asthma. The nurse identifies that the client correctly understands the purpose of this medication when the client states that the medication will produce which effect? Promote bronchodilation Decrease the risk of infection Suppress an allergic response Eliminate the need for a rescue inhaler

Suppress an allergic response

A client who has been diagnosed with pneumonia has been given a prescription for erythromycin. Client teaching about this medication would include which best instruction? Take the medication with juice. Take the medication with a meal. Take the medication on an empty stomach. Take the medication at bedtime with a snack.

Take the medication on an empty stomach.

Acarbose is prescribed to treat a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which instruction would the nurse provide when teaching the client about this medication? Take the medication at bedtime. Take the medication with the first bite of each regular meal. The medication will be used to treat symptoms of hypoglycemia. Headache and dizziness are the most common side effects of this medication.

Take the medication with the first bite of each regular meal.

A client prescribed chlorpromazine hydrochloride calls the mental health clinic to report urine that is much darker than usual. The client currently has no other urinary symptoms. What instructions would the nurse provide the client based on this information? That this is an expected side effect of the medication To seek treatment for a possible urinary tract infection To increase the daily intake of acid-ash foods and liquids That this symptom indicates mild chlorpromazine hydrochloride toxicity

That this is an expected side effect of the medication

The nurse is reviewing the use of diltiazem for clients with Prinzmetal's variant angina. The nurse would provide information based on which action of the medication? The medication works by increasing the heart rate. The medication works by constricting peripheral arteries. The medication works by increasing sinoatrial and atrioventricular conduction. The medication works by inhibiting calcium movement across cell membranes of cardiac and smooth muscle.

The medication works by inhibiting calcium movement across cell membranes of cardiac and smooth muscle.

A client is receiving somatropin. The nurse would monitor which most significant laboratory study during therapy with this medication? Lipase level Amylase level Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level Thyroid-stimulating hormone level

Thyroid-stimulating hormone level

Meperidine hydrochloride is prescribed for a client with pain. What would the nurse monitor for as a side or adverse effect of this medication? Diarrhea Bradycardia Hypertension Urinary retention

Urinary retention

A burn client has been having 1% silver sulfadiazine applied to burns twice a day for the past 3 days. Which laboratory abnormality indicates that the client is experiencing a side or adverse effect of this medication? Serum sodium of 120 mEq/L (120 mmol/L) Serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L (3.0 mmol/L) White blood cell count of 3000 mm3 (3 × 109/L) pH of 7.30, Paco2 of 32 mm Hg (32 mmHg), HCO3- of 19 mEq/L (19 mmol/L)

White blood cell count of 3000 mm3 (3 × 109/L)

Aluminum hydroxide is prescribed for a client with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse would instruct the client to take this medication at what time? At bedtime With meals On an empty stomach In the morning on arising

With meals