HFC DESIGNER I 2 II.
The 10G0EPON access architecture supports two data rates in the upstream. What are they
1 Gbps and 10 Gbps
What is one of the requirements that have been identified for next-generation access network architectures
10 Gbps capacity.
What is the minimum amount of slack that must be provided for splicing fiber-optic cable in underground installations
15 meters on both
How many meters of slack cable are typically used in an aerial installation
15-25 meters(you cant control the exact amount of slack you have, which is why its the only measurement question with a dash/parameters)
What is the maximum data rate the XG-PON1 (10G-PON) access architecture supports in the upstream(4 upstream carriers just divide by four)
2.5 Gbps
What is the minimum clearance in the middle of a cable span between the power's secondary conductor and the fiber-optic cable belonging to a broadband cable operator
30 inches
Pigtails are coated to...
900m diameter/30um tolerance
What does a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) topology consist of
A P2MP topology consists of a host element connected through a splitter or optical coupler to two or more receiving elements.
Where would you expect to install a mid-entry splice in a fiber-optic cable network
A location where select number of optical fibers need to be spliced, and the remaining buffer tubes and fibers remain untouched.
What is required of mechanical splices used for acceptance testing
A mechanical splice used for acceptance testing should be simple to use and reusable.
How is the AC voltage separated from the RF signal in a distribution amplifier?
AC voltage is a song, and the power supply is an MP3. to BLOCK the NOISE from going2other ports. use a BLOCKING CAPACITOR and a LOW RF CHOKE!.
What is the difference between the fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) and fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) topologies
An FTTC is allowed a smaller number of RF amplifiers between the optical fiber and the customer premises. (The curb being RIGHT outside the house, obviously wouldnt need as many RF amplifiers)
What is a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode
An optical detector with current flow that is linear to the intensity of light photons, with one electron/hole pair created for every absorbed photon until saturation.
What can be used as a pulling line in a conduit that is missing a pull line
An unused cable that is already installed in the conduit.
Where would you expect Fresnel reflections to occur in a fiber-optic network
At connections and mechanical splices where the signal source is entering or exiting the cable.
What are the amplitude levels into an optical transmitter different between analog television and QAM carriers
Because analog carriers have a video sync pulse, which can be used to set amplitude. QAM carriers don't have a sync pulse; the average power of the carrier is used to adjust the QAM carrier's amplitude.
What is the wavelength allocation for video distribution (RF overlay) in broadband PON (BPON) access systems
Between 1,550 and 1,560 nm
What is the purpose of buffer tubes in fiber-optic cable
Buffer tubes protect and separate the optical fiber in smaller bundles.
(Q)How is the AC voltage separated from the RF signal in a distribution amplifier?
By a capacitor that passes RF but blocks the low frequency 60 hertz (Hz) AC voltage which finds a low resistance path through the RF choke that blocks RF.
What are two critical factors for a successful installation of fiber-optic cable
Cable pulling tension and cable bend radius.
What is an example of transport media in a telecommunications network
Coaxial cable(designer I's will only work with coax. easy no brainer)
What function does the detector in an optical receiver perform
Conversion of an optical carrier to an electrical signal, and demodulation of the modulated optical carrier.
What are the main elements of an optical transmitter
Data encoder,modulator,electrical interface, laser,optical interface.
What are the main elements of an optical receiver
Demodulator, electrical interface, optical detector, optical interface.
Tilt
Describes one end of the cable being "heavier" than the other, tilting it over.
When activating a fiber-optic network, which acceptance-testing stage includes adjusting attenuation levels for the first time
During equipment activation. (Answer is in the question) (What stage during ACTIVATION, is activation?)
Coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) applications were expanded to include use in what band, where a large OH absorption loss occurred with older single-mode fibers
E-band(its the only band question on the test)
Easier to splice and install
Fiber Pigtails
What information should always be included in fiber-optic network documentation
Fiber assignments
What type of fiber-to-the-x (FTTx)(F = THE BEGINNING) topology does a passive optical network (PON)(TT = THE MIDDLE) use to make a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) fiber-optic cable connection between the broadband cable headend and the customer premises(THE END)(HOME = THE END)
Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH).
Besides protection, what else must the coating on an optical fiber do
Function over a wide temperature range' be compatible with cable gels adhere to the glass cladding over the lifetime of the cable; and be mechanically strippable for splicing operations.(just focus on the cable gels part, fiber needs to GEL well with other equipment)
What is one element used in the transmission and reception of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM)
High-quality, temperature cooled distributed feedback lasers.
When would a mid-entry splice in a fiber-optic network be used
In a self-healing ring network that requires only two fibers to feed an optical fiber drop.
How are optical splitters used in the forward path
In the forward path, optical splitters are used as passive combining devices that stream an optical signal across two common fibers.(the question is plural, and the beginning of the answer answers some of the question. (splitters)(two)(fibers) the answer is in the question)
Select the answer that best completes this sentence: In analog modulation, the ___________ of the light wave changes in __________ proportion to the __________ analog signal
Intensity; direct; incoming
What is the current standardized outside diameter of the cladding of single-mode fiber
It is 125 µm, with an accuracy of ±1 µm. (definitely on the test)
In what type of installation is wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) used
It is used in passive optical networks.
Which answer best describes network topology
It's a sub-layer of network architecture that describes the physical and logical configuration of connected elements between the signal source and the network termination elements.
Pig tails should be
Labeled and documented
Pigtails should be
Labeled to their color code and patch panel design .
What is a design option for a broadband cable network to maximize the use of its optical fiber resources
Leasing spare fibers.
When preparing fiber-optic cable for connection to a patch panel, how much buffer tube and fiber slack should be provided
Leave enough slack in the buffer tubes to allow the splice trays to reach the splicing equipment and enough fiber slack to store on individual trays for later additions, moves, and changes.
What are some advantages of using flexible conduit
Low coefficient of friction (COF), and the capability to bend around corners and obstructions with minimal splices. (this answer is unique, memorize the last part. the other questions are similar)
(Q)Describe an application for a distribution amplifier in a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network?
Maintain Downstream amplitude levels to the farthest address from the fiber-node.
What step should be performed at the beginning of every fusion splicing operation
Make a number of test splices to set up the fusion splicer and to verify the instruments's setting and calibration for both the environment and the type of fiber to be spliced.
What are the primary causes of intrinsic loss in single-mode fiber
Material absorption and Rayleigh scattering.
Chromatic dispersion is a combination of which two dispersions
Material and waveguide dispersion.(fiber is a material, that utilizes a light WAVE)
Eliminating pulling lines using high air speed blowing can achieve how much of a cost savings over conventional pulling techniques
More than 40% (the only percent question on the test)
What are the factors that contribute to an optical receiver's sensitivity
Noise, responsivity, response time, linear response, back reflection, optical detector.
What happens if the optical signal exceeds the maximum specified input power into a photodetector
Nonlinear operation resulting in distortion, data errors, and signal loss.
Which element of a PON consists of a downstream (forward path),optical transmitter, an upstream(return path) receiver, and a multiplexer/demultiplexer
Optical line terminal (OLT)
Which component of an optical modulation system contains an optical detector and demodulator
Optical receiver
Which component of a digital optical network is used to receive digital modulation light waves and convert them to an electrical signal
Optical transponder(transponder...convert...answer is in the question)
what are six methods in which signals arrive at the cable system
Over the air, Terrestrial Microwave, Direct cable Feed, satellites, locally produced, public switched telephone network
What is a benefit of using a point to point topology instead of a point-to-multipoint topology
P2P topologies are more stable than P2MP topologies. (think redundancy, less is more)
PTSN = TELEPHONY, DOCSIS = INTERNET. It uses PACKETCABLE
Packet cable is for telephony over HFC networks
1. What product based on the (IT JUST SAYS DOCSIS)(((Data over cable service interface Specification DOCSIS))) defines protocols for internet Protocol IP Telephony over Hybrid Fiber Coax HFC networks
Packetcable
(Q)Which statement about pigtails used for optical fiber terminations is true?
Prior to splicing, pigtails should be labeled to correspond with the correct color code and patch panel designation.
Internet protocol telephony systems in broadband cable networks
Require a call management server, media gateway, signaling gateway, billing system, and CMTS.
What is a consideration for the use of ribbon fiber
Ribbon fiber requires different tools and equipment to perform splicing.
SLOPE
SLOPE, is when a DESIGNER uses an EQ to fix the tilt
Which category of fiber-optic cable design typically uses some variation of the star topology
Signal distribution. (think distribution amplifiers)
What information can be derived from recording the sequentaial marking information printed on a fiber-optic cable jacket in the "as-built" documentation
Slack and splice locations.
What is the purpose of splice trays inside splice closures
Splice trays are designed to provide protection for mechanical splices, fusion splice protectors, and optical splitters as well as provide storage for the required fiber slack.
What is used in outside plant fiber-optic cable to protect and isolate the optcial fibers from stress
Strength members and buffer tubes.
Since they provide the same functions, what is the primary difference between the fiber distribution hub (FDH)and fiber access terminal
The FAT is typically easier to install and has a lower fiber counts than the FDH.
What type of single-mode fiber is intended for fiber-to-the-home installations
The ITU-T G.657 bend-insensitive fiber (BIF)
What are the two accepted methods for pulling fiber-optic cable off the cable reels as part of an aerial installation
The back-pull method and the drive-off method.(Field Techs would get this without studying)(Lets think about it. Aerial jobs are done by those big spectrum pick up trucks. the TRUCKS drive OFF with the cable as it hangs itself. JUST REMEMBER DRIVE OFF. DONT EVEN MEMORIZE THE QUESTION)
What is a concern when aerial fiber-optic cable is installed between poles, even though there are no high-voltage power lines
The buildup of lethal amounts of static electricity on the fiber-optic cable that can discharge through a person on a ladder or some other conductor connected to ground.
The phenomenon, total internal reflection, is what enables an optical fiber to guide light. What characteristic of optical fiber causes total internal reflection
The difference in refractive indexes, between cladding and core, causes light to be reflected off the cladding and back into the core along the optical fiber.
If tight-buffered distribution fiber-optic cable is installed between the master splice panel in an optical entrance enclosure (OEE) and a rack-mounted fiber optic distribution panel, where in the facility must the distribution panel be located
The distribution panel can be located anywhere in the facility since the distribution cable complies with indoor code requirements for riser or plenum installations.
What is a drawback of using Fabry-Perot (F-P)lasers in high-speed data (HSD) networks
The emission of a number of discrete wavelengths or side modes.
What are the two critical elements that align the optical fibers in a connection
The ferrules and the mating adapter.
What is one advantage and one disadvantage of single-mode fiber with a large mode field diameter
The larger the MFD, the easier it is to splice and connectrorize the fiber, although it becomes more sensitive to bending losses.
What is a characteristic of light in a laser beam
The laser beam consists of a limited range of wavelengths (monochromatic), with all light waves in phase (coherent light).
In underground installations, what are the two recommended techniques that prevent the pulling tension through the conduit from exceeding the pulling tension specification of the fiber-optic cable
The midpoint pull and the intermediate pull.
What occurs in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) process
The optical output from multiple lasers operating at different wavelengths is combined and transported over a single, common optical fiber.
In which component in a fiber-optics communication system do changes to the intensity of the optical signal occur
The optical transmitter
The frame structure of a STS is divided into two parts. What are they
The transport overhead, which contains the section and line layers, and the synchronous payload envelope, which contains the path overhead and the payload data.
What is true of online UPS systems
They are recommended for commercial applications such as data centers and telecommunications operations.
What is an option available on most optical nodes for connecting to the power supply
Through a power cable that is connected from the power supply directly to the power port of the node.
What is the core objective of the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) Provisioning of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON), or DPoE, access architecture
To make the EPON elements appear and operate as DOCSIS elements to the existing DOCSIS-based back office provisioning operations.
WheN preparing a splice closure, what should be done with the fiberglass rod strength member that runs down the center of loose-tube fiber-optic cable
Trim the strength member back for convenience, but leave it long enough to be tightly clamped to a strain-relief lug in the closure.
In a passive optical network (PON), which category of fiber-optic cable is routed from the headend into the distribution network (ODN)
Trunk
Direct Modulation
Turns on and off
Digital return path transmissions
Use (DWDM) digital return transmitters in hub-to-headend architectures
What is the ideal way for a broadband cable network designer to plan the replacement of coaxial cable with fiber-optic cable to shorten amplifier cascades
Use the existing coaxial network infrastructure.
When is it necessary to use the intermediate pull technique to install fiber-optic cable in conduit
When the cable route has multiple 90 degree bends throughout.
Will you pass?
Yes
(Q)What is installed in the input, of a distribution amplifier, for a flat frequency response into the input amplifier when the input signal has a negative tilt
a cable EQUALIZER with POSTIVE tilt
(Q)What is a characteristic of light in a laser beam?
a limited range of wavelengths (monochromatic), with all light waves in phase (coherent light).
Labeled pigtails spliced into different fiber such as none zero dispersion shifted fiber
cause excessive loss
What is one process that has to happen before digital modulation can occur in an optical transmitter
data must be encoded
postive tilt
high, (postive numbers are higher than negative numbers)
1. In which type of optical modulation does the laser operate at a constant output level?
indirect modulation
Negative tilt
low, (negative numbers are lower than postive numbers)
How do technicians know the specific type of single-mode fiber used in a particular project
read the project's specification records.
Indirect modulation
stays on
The quality and attenuation value of a mechanical splice of optical fibers is dependent on which tool during the preparation process
the quality of the cleaving tool.(quality is in both answer and question)(anything mechanical is a tool)easy A
Describe an application for a distribution amplifier in a hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network?
you want to MAINTAIN a healthy signal despite being FAR from a node when designing
