HG&D test 3

C

A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking. A.clique B.group C.​friendship

C

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces. A.​internal B.biological C.external

C

A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria? A.The child has normal intelligence. B.The child is not suffering from any other condition that would explain the poor performance. C.The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.

C

A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is A.​drug overdose. B.firearms. C.motor vehicle accidents.

A

A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called A.direct instruction. B.​direct implementation. C.guided participation.

B

According to Erikson's theory, only adolescents with behavioral or psychological problems face a crisis between identity and role-confusion. A.True B.False

A

According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self. A.Erik Erikson B.​Sigmund Freud C.Lev Vygotsky

C

According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career. A.Linda Subich​ B.​Linda Gottfredson C.Donald Super

C

According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents. A.​tabula rasa B.peace and tranquility C.storm and stress

B

Adolescent males and females both characterize their first sexual experiences as occurring in the context of love. A.True B.False

C

Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____. A.egocentrism B.​freedom C.autonomy

B

For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____. A.​their weight compared to the average for others their age B.​the percentile of their body mass index C.whether their BMI in greater than 25

A

Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____. A.body image B.​sense of importance C.gender identity

A

Making threats of physical or other harm is considered to be a form of _____ violence. A.​emotional B.​physical C.sexual

A

One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care. A.neglect B.​abuse C.abandonment

B

One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because A.​they vastly underestimate the risks involved. B.​the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing. C.they do not value their lives as much as adults do.

C

Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____.​ A.adolescent arrogance B.limited centration C.the imaginary audience

C

Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence. A.​affective B.crystallized C.emotional

C

Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents​ A.encourage dependence. B.remain emotionally attached. C.fail to monitor their activities.

C

The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth. A.permissive B.indulgent C.authoritarian

B

The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____. A.​13 years, 11 years B.​11 years, 13 years C.​12 years, 10 years

B

The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people​ A.​develop career goals at different rates. B.​will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities. C.should take tests to determine which career is best for them.

B

The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____.​ A.​"abstinence-only" B.​comprehensive and emphasize responsibility C.​based on religious values

B

The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period. A.formal operational​ B.​concrete operational C.​pre-operational

B

There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family. A.​multigenerational B.blended C.adjusted

C

Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher. A.​100 B. 120 C.130

B

What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?​ A.​deductive reasoning skills B.​hypothetical reasoning skills C.intuitive reasoning skills

A

When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.​ A.​foreclosure B.​achievement C.diffusion

B

Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating?​ A.​anxiety B.​depression C.drug addiction

C

Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents?​ A.The relationships are fraught with conflict and struggle. B.The relationships are distant, with few areas parent-adolescent agreement. C.The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.

C

Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles? A.​warmth and responsiveness & expressed emotionality B.parental control & expressed emotionality C.warmth and responsiveness & parental control

C

Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks? A.corporal punishment (spankings) B.a negative reinforcement trap C.time-out

B

Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916? A.​CA/MA + 100 B.​MA/CA X 100 C.CA/MA X 100

C

Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior?​ he "crowd" with whom the adolescent most A.closely identifies B.the adolescent's racial or ethnic background C.there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior

C

Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?​ Teens who save money from working have a worse A.relationship with their parents. B.The number of hours worked does not appear to matter. C.Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.

B

With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children. A.​low B.​moderate C.high

B

____ is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives. You Answered A.​Anorexia nervosa B.​Bulimia nervosa C.Orthorexia nervosa

C

____ refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation. A.​Adolescence B.Climacteric C.​Puberty

A

​On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined A.​by comparing a child's score with the average score of same-age children. B.​by using the same IQ calculation as on the original Stanford-Binet exam. C.based on a child's gender and race

C

​The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings. A.controversial B.rejected C.​average

C

​The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning. A.​co-constructive B.combinatorial C.deductive

C

​The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them? A.​experience with test contents B.test-taking skills C.peer pressure

B

​____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal. A.​Relational B.​Instrumental C.​Utilitarian

C

​____ is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well. A.​Family socialization B.A dominance hierarchy C.Peer pressure

C

​____ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group. ​A.Racism B.Discrimination C.Prejudice