HIS 1043-001 US History: Pre-Columbus-Civil War Smartbook Assignment #2

What was the primary goal of the Québec colony?

engaging in the fur trade

Why did King Philip II of Spain appoint Juan de Oñate establish the colony of New Mexico?

to spread the Catholic faith

Between 1535 and 1635, what changes in England led to economic strain? Select all that apply. -Colder temperatures yielded smaller harvests. -Landowners began treating land as private, rather than community, property. -The population doubled. -Many working-age men were drafted into military service.

-Colder temperatures yielded smaller harvests. -Landowners began treating land as private, rather than community, property. -The population doubled.

Which of the following were beliefs held by Puritans? Select all that apply. -December 25th should be celebrated as a holiday. -Salvation was predestined. -The English Reformation had not separated sufficiently from Catholic practices. -Orderly church services supervised by authorized clergymen were necessary to guide ordinary Christians to salvation.

-Salvation was predestined. -The English Reformation had not separated sufficiently from Catholic practices.

Which of the following were among the causes of the Pueblo Revolt? Select all that apply. -The Pueblos had experienced severe population loss since the arrival of the Spanish. -The Pueblos were angry about Spanish restrictions on their religious worship. -The Pueblos resented Spanish demands for corn and labor. -The Spanish had failed in their promises to build missions in New Mexico.

-The Pueblos had experienced severe population loss since the arrival of the Spanish. -The Pueblos were angry about Spanish restrictions on their religious worship. -The Pueblos resented Spanish demands for corn and labor.

Which of the following was true of Puritan society in 1600s New England? Select all that apply. -Families were dominated by a male head-of-household. -New Englanders lived in small, tight-knit communities. -The strict division between church and government meant that people had a large degree of religious freedom. -The public marketplace as the center of public life in New England towns.

-Families were dominated by a male head-of-household. -New Englanders lived in small, tight-knit communities.

How did the Maryland colony differ from the Virginia colony? Select all that apply. -Most English settlers there came as part of family units. -It extended religious toleration to Catholics, who occupied many prominent government positions. -It was a proprietary, rather than royal, colony. -Its primary crop was rice, rather than tobacco.

-It extended religious toleration to Catholics, who occupied many prominent government positions. -It was a proprietary, rather than royal, colony.

How did many rural people in England respond to the land use changes brought about by the enclosure movement? Select all that apply. -Many moved from rural areas to cities in large numbers. -Some sought to emigrate out of England. -They burned fences and stole livestock. -They participated in large revolts against property owners.

-Many moved from rural areas to cities in large numbers. -Some sought to emigrate out of England.

Why did the Pokanoket leader Massasoit agree to open commercial and diplomatic relations with the English?

He sought to strengthen his nation against rivals and enemies.

What did Juan de Oñate do to encourage indigenous Americans to submit to Spanish rule?

He staged a series of theatrical ceremonies.

Why did John Eliot embark on a massive publishing project in New England in the mid-1600s?

He wanted to spread Bible literacy to the indigenous Massachusett people.

Following 1573's Ordinances of Discovery, who would direct the pace of future Spanish settlement in the Americas?

Franciscan missionaries

Until their leader Massasoit's death in 1661, the _____ peoples traded and lived relatively peacefully with the nearby New England colonies.

Wampanoag

What nation became the world's commercial leader in the seventeenth century?

the Netherlands

What practice did the 1573 Ordinances of Discovery renounce and prohibit?

the wanton massacre of indigenous peoples

In 1636--1637, Massachusetts and Connecticut joined forces to fight and try to subjugate the ____ , the regional power who had dominated the wampum trade.

Pequots

What name did Spanish colonists apply to the diverse indigenous peoples they encountered in the Southwest?

Pueblos

Samuel Champlain named _____ as the first permanent settlement of the Canadian colony of New France.

Québec

After Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts, he formed the new settlement of ______.

Rhode Island

At what point did Governor William Berkeley declare Nathaniel Bacon a rebel?

after Bacon sought authorization for a broader war "against all Indians in general"

Powhatan may have captured John Smith and threatened to execute him for the purposes of ______.

cementing an alliance with the English settlers

What were the praying towns that were established in new England beginning in 1650?

communities set up by Congregationalist ministers for Native Americans who converted to Christianity

In what area did praying towns have the largest memberships?

eastern Massachusetts and around Plymouth

What 1614 event sealed a diplomatic alliance between Powhatan's people and the Jamestown colonists and ushered in an era of peace for the Virginia colony?

the marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas

According to scholars, why was the Iroquois League likely originally formed?

to end a period of constant warfare among Native American groups in the years immediately preceding European contact

What ultimately profitable crop did English settlers plant and harvest at Jamestown?

tobacco

Dissenting Puritan minister Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts to found what would become the colony of ______.

Connecticut

Why do scholars often refer to the brand of Calvinist Protestantism practiced in Puritan New England as Congregationalism?

Each church congregation was the central (and only) unit of church authority.

How were religious laws different in Rhode Island than in Massachusetts?

Individuals could practice whatever religion they chose.

The _____ League was a political alliance among five Native American groups located south of Lake Ontario.

Iroquois

How did governance of the Virginia colony change in 1624?

It became a royal colony, controlled directly by the English monarch.

Which of the following was true of the Treaty of Middle Plantation?

It limited where Native Americans could live and travel, essentially creating the first reservations in what would become the United States.

Which of the following was true of the Spanish colony of La Florida in the seventeenth century?

Spanish missionaries succeeded in convincing large numbers of indigenous peoples to at least nominally accept the Catholic faith.

By the end of the 1600s, approximately _____ descendants of the Great Puritan Migration lived in New England.

ninety thousand

Peter Minuit moved the headquarters of the Dutch North American colonies to New Amsterdam, located ______.

on Manhattan Island

In addition to indentured servants, the other large group of English migrants to the Virginia colony in the mid-1600s were ______.

well-to-do younger sons of elite English families

The most typical targets of witchcraft accusations in seventeenth-century New England were ______.

women who had accumulated property

Why did English settlers in Massachusetts in the 1600s multiply much faster than did their counterparts elsewhere in the Americas? Select all that apply. -They assigned annual quotas for new migrants to replenish the region's population. -They came in family units with balanced sex ratios. -The climate did not encourage the spread of disease as readily as other regions. -The initial English migration to New England was far larger than other English colonies.

-They came in family units with balanced sex ratios. -The climate did not encourage the spread of disease as readily as other regions

In what ways were the English settlers of New England different than those of the Chesapeake? Select all that apply. -They typically arrived as families rather than single men. -They were often critical of the Anglican Church. -They had supported King Charles, rather than Parliament, during the English Civil War. -Their numbers included few indentured servants or enslaved people.

-They typically arrived as families rather than single men. -They were often critical of the Anglican Church. -Their numbers included few indentured servants or enslaved people.

In what way were the investors of the Massachusetts Bay Colony unique from those of other royal colonial charters?

The investors decided to immigrate to the colony so they could govern themselves locally.

Why were many former indentured servants increasingly unable to find suitable farmland in the English Chesapeake in the 1670s?

The thriving tobacco trade meant that land prices were too high for freed servants to afford.

Which European-introduced disease wiped out more than half of the Iroquois League's population in the early 1630s?

smallpox

Which of the following was true of wampum?

It was produced in North America.

Why did La Florida have more Spanish soldiers than New Mexico did in the seventeenth century?

Its location was strategically important for battles with pirates and rival European powers.

What were the primary reasons why many English settlers immigrated to New England? Select all that apply. -They were critical of the Anglican Church. -They had opposed King Charles I in the English Civil War. -They wanted to escape economic depression and disease. -They were eager to make a profit in the thriving tobacco trade.

-They were critical of the Anglican Church. -They had opposed King Charles I in the English Civil War. -They wanted to escape economic depression and disease.

What factors contributed to the rise of witchcraft accusations in New England during the seventeenth century? Select all that apply. -Belief in the power of witches was common at that time. -A series of violent storms led people to believe that supernatural forces were at work. -Some Puritan women had chosen to live in separate, female-only communities. -The close-knit religious communities led to neighbors scrutinizing and judging each other's godliness.

-Belief in the power of witches was common at that time. -The close-knit religious communities led to neighbors scrutinizing and judging each other's godliness.

How did King James I of England respond to a rise in sects and denominations that were separate from the Church of England? Select all that apply. -He created a new government position of Royal Church Administrator, whose job was to enforce uniform religious practices. -He sought to standardize Bible-reading practices with the King James version of scripture. -He imposed restrictions on those who did not conform to the Church of England. -He forced people to emigrate to Ireland if they would not pledge allegiance to the Church of England.

-He sought to standardize Bible-reading practices with the King James version of scripture. -He imposed restrictions on those who did not conform to the Church of England.

What were the outcomes of the Pueblo Revolt? Select all that apply. -It ended Spanish missionary efforts in North America. -It restored Pueblo autonomy in the Southwest for twelve years. -It resulted in an enduring alliance between the Pueblos and French Huguenots. -It drove the Spanish governor to retreat to El Paso.

-It restored Pueblo autonomy in the Southwest for twelve years. -It drove the Spanish governor to retreat to El Paso.

What effect did the success of the Puritan Revolution in England have on New England society? Select all that apply. -Puritans began arriving in New England in even greater numbers. -Many new migrants were motivated by economic, rather than religious, reasons. -Many New England Puritan ministers in chose to return to England. -Church membership in New England declined.

-Many new migrants were motivated by economic, rather than religious, reasons. -Church membership in New England declined.

In what ways was the Maryland colony similar to the Virginia colony? Select all that apply. -Much of its population was made up of male indentured servants from southwestern England. -They were both royal colonies under the direct oversight of the English monarch. -It was a tobacco colony dominated by plantation owners. -Both had sizable and influential English Catholic communities.

-Much of its population was made up of male indentured servants from southwestern England. -It was a tobacco colony dominated by plantation owners.

What consequences resulted from the rapid depopulation of Native American villages in New England due to European diseases in the 1600s? Select all that apply. -Population losses disrupted power relations among the Algonquian peoples and unsettled political alliances. -Many Massachusett people chose to convert to Christianity and move to colonial villages. -English colonists moved westward and southward onto Native American lands. -The Iroquois League began raiding colonial villages and taking English prisoners to replenish their thinned ranks.

-Population losses disrupted power relations among the Algonquian peoples and unsettled political alliances. -English colonists moved westward and southward onto Native American lands.

What factors contributed to the New England colonies becoming the most literate societies in the Americas by the mid-1600s? Select all that apply. -Many of the original settlers had come from elite families and had received extensive formal education. -Puritans believed that personal reading of Scripture was a requirement for salvation. -Colonial laws required parents to teach children to read and required larger towns to establish a school. -Most of the original merchant investors had worked in publishing or bookbinding industries.

-Puritans believed that personal reading of Scripture was a requirement for salvation. -Colonial laws required parents to teach children to read and required larger towns to establish a school.

What advantages did Jamestown have over Roanoke? Select all that apply. -The Virginia Company continued to provide funding and new migrants. -All Jamestown settlers were required to work the land. -Jamestown was able to produce a profitable crop. -Most migrants were experienced farmers or craftspeople.

-The Virginia Company continued to provide funding and new migrants. -All Jamestown settlers were required to work the land. -Jamestown was able to produce a profitable crop.

How did the fact that New England was colder than the Chesapeake region impact English colonial settlement there? Select all that apply. -The English population grew more slowly since many people did not survive the harsh winters. -The cooler temperatures limited the spread of disease-causing microorganisms. -New Englanders relied heavily on indentured servants and enslaved people to chop wood and keep fires going in the winter. -It had a shorter planting season and thus could not produce a large-scale crop.

-The cooler temperatures limited the spread of disease-causing microorganisms. -It had a shorter planting season and thus could not produce a large-scale crop.

What changes did Virginia's leadership endorse following Bacon's Rebellion? Select all that apply. -They began encouraging the importation of enslaved Africans who would be forced into perpetual, rather than indentured, servitude. -They made it a crime for English settlers to cross into Native American territory. -They advocated a policy of aggressive expansion into Native American territory to free up land for former indentured servants. -They set minimum wages and maximum lengths of service for indentured servants.

-They began encouraging the importation of enslaved Africans who would be forced into perpetual, rather than indentured, servitude. -They advocated a policy of aggressive expansion into Native American territory to free up land for former indentured servants.

How did Franciscan priests respond to the Pueblo katsina culture of worship? Select all that apply. -They outlawed katsina dances and masks. -They superimposed Christian symbolism onto traditional Pueblo religious practices. -They attempted to learn more about it in order to gain the trust of the Pueblo people. -They discouraged it, but did not attempt to stop it.

-They outlawed katsina dances and masks. -They superimposed Christian symbolism onto traditional Pueblo religious practices.

Which of the following was true of King Philip's War? Select all that apply. -During the war, Christian Native Americans from the praying towns revolted against the New England colonists. -Wampanoag leader Metacom led the first of many Native American attacks on New England villages. -It involved many Algonquin nations fighting against the New England colonists. -The war lasted only a few months, with the New England colonists easily defeating the Native American soldiers.

-Wampanoag leader Metacom led the first of many Native American attacks on New England villages. -It involved many Algonquin nations fighting against the New England colonists.

In North America in the 1600s, the currency of wampum was made from ______. Select all that apply. -copper and silver coins -beads made from shells -discs of quartz and turquoise -beaver pelts

-beads made from shells

Which of the following were among the consequences of New England's rapid development in the 1600s? Select all that apply. -clashes with Native Americans -overcrowding and pandemic disease -the importation of large numbers of enslaved people -conflicts among different English immigrant groups

-clashes with Native Americans -conflicts among different English immigrant groups

What were the primary goals of the United Dutch East India Company? Select all that apply. -commanding the seas -dominating global trade -acquiring territory -building colonial plantations

-commanding the seas -dominating global trade

Which two conflicts were increasing in the English Chesapeake in the starting in the mid-1600s? Select all that apply. -conflicts between wealthier and poorer English settlers over access to land -conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans as the English encroached further onto indigenous lands -conflicts between the royal colony of Virginia and the proprietary colony of Maryland over access to tobacco distribution networks -conflicts between Protestant and Catholic settlers

-conflicts between English settlers and Native Americans as the English encroached further onto indigenous lands -conflicts between wealthier and poorer English settlers over access to land

What were the goals of the second attempt to settle the English colony of Virginia in 1607? Select all that apply. -finding a passage to the Pacific Ocean -spreading the Catholic faith -discovering gold or another valuable resource -thwarting the expansion of other European colonial powers

-finding a passage to the Pacific Ocean -discovering gold or another valuable resource -thwarting the expansion of other European colonial powers

Between 1645 and 1665, most English settlers in Virginia were ______. Select all that apply. -British soldiers tasked with defending the colony from Native Americans and rival European powers -those who sought relief from religious persecution in England -indentured servants from the lower ranks of English society -rural men between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four

-indentured servants from the lower ranks of English society -rural men between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four

Pueblos visiting Spanish missions in the Rio Grande Valley would often receive gifts in exchange for ______. Select all that apply. -providing knowledge of local geography -delivering food to the Spanish -promising to live a Christian life -submission to baptism rituals

-promising to live a Christian life -submission to baptism rituals

In addition to furs, what new commodities did the New England colonies begin exporting in the 1630s and 1640s? Select all that apply. -tobacco -rice -timber -salted codfish

-timber -salted codfish

For what purposes did the Dutch found the West India Company in 1621? Select all that apply. -to take over Spanish trading activities in the Atlantic world -to establish permanent trading settlements in North America -to form economic alliances with other European nations -to find better sea routes between Asia and North America

-to take over Spanish trading activities in the Atlantic world -to establish permanent trading settlements in North America

The city of _____ was the major seat of government in colonial New England.

Boston

How did King James I respond to Opechancanough's Uprising?

He ordered an investigation into the management of the Virginia colony.

Why did Spanish leaders rescind Oñate's license and threaten to dissolve the colony of New Mexico?

Reports emerged that colonial leaders had killed, maimed, or enslaved hundreds of residents of the Acoma pueblo.

Why did the English choose the site for what became the Jamestown settlement?

They hoped the site would serve as a fort against possible Spanish attack.

In the seventeenth century, how did Iroquois nations respond to the catastrophic population losses caused by European diseases?

They raided other groups and villages to obtain captives and adopt new warriors.

Why did the earliest English colonists settle in New England?

They were religious separatists who sought to remove themselves from the influence of the Church of England.

What campaign did Nathanial Bacon lead in 1675?

a series of attacks in Native American groups

Massachusetts leaders brought Anne Hutchinson up on charges of "traducing the ministers" after she preached that ______.

since people were only saved by divine grace, nothing they did, such as attending church, mattered at all