HIS201 exam 2
who won the election of 1828?
andrew jackson
what document creating a national government preceded the U.S. Constitution?
articles of confederation
Daniel Webster
assumed he would run the country with Henry Clay after Harrison died in office. Leader of the Whig party (with Clay)
John Tyler
became president in 1840 after William Henry Harrison died in office. was a Whig, but only to spite Andrew Jackson. He made expansion his prime issue as a way to get the people to rally around him because he was a bad Whig and should have been a democrat. It was his idea to annex Texas.
federalist party
believed the others are madison and jefferson (called democratic republicans, are financially corrupt. alexander hamilton (main figurehead) believed in human progress fear too much democracy & high toned politics. there needs to be some parameters on freedom and equality so there is no anarchy. bank of the united states
what is the name for the first 10 amendments to the constitution?
bill of rights
what mode of transportation became the symbol of progress in the 19th century?
railroads
who invented the first steamboat in 1807?
robert fulton
who won the election of 1800?
thomas jefferson
what is the name for roads built between 1815-1830 that required people to pay a toll for the upkeep of the road before they could cross?
turnpikes
what state passed a law in 1851 that prohibited the manufacturing and sale of intoxicating liquor?
Maine
Start of War of 1812
"Warhawks" in Congress (Clay,Calhoun) want war. Every Federalist opposes the war. "America's second war for Independence"
John Adams
"the revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people"
how many branches of government did the articles of confederation establish?
1
shay's rebellion
1786, boston massachusetts. farmers became upset over high taxes to pay off war debt, and war erupted. daniel shay (war veteran) takes a group and goes to springfield arsenal and asks for more time to pay off debts. state legislature decide to eliminate some taxes on farmers. rebellion showed need for stronger government. shay's rebellion is an example of tyranny in the states and people start asking for a stronger gov't.
george washington
1st president of the united states. considered "father of the country" 1786 following shay's rebellion: "we have probably had too good of an opinion of human nature in forming our confederation" his presence was extremely important at constitutional convention. won presidency unanimously. established a precedent for all future presidents. inaugurated wore american made suit. gave oath of office on balcony. carriage pulled by 6 white horses. canary yellow carriage. people thought he was like a king. people thought washington was trying to recreate the monarchy. gave address inside. only talked to congress. gave oath and placed hand on bible added the phrase "so help me God" (not written in the oath).
How many branches of government did the United States Constitution create?
3
what is the name of the clause in the constitution that established slaves did not count as a full person when determining how many representatives each state has in congress?
3/5 clause
Alien and Sedition Acts
4 laws created by Federalists restricting speech, making citizenship more difficult, and giving POTUS power to deport aliens. Designed to weaken the threat by French aliens and weaken DR party
Who supported a strong financial plan that included the creation of the Bank of the United States?
Alexander Hamilton
on what date did the constitution outlaw foreign slave trade?
January 1, 1808
What rebellion took place in Massachusetts in 1787 when farmers protested heavy taxes?
Shay's Rebellion
Hamilton's financial program
created a political firestorm. a lot tension between hamilton and james madison over the national debt and it caused them to break ties. caused them to oppose each other. they used to work closely together to get the constitution ratified. they realized they had different visions for how the constitution should be. hamilton wanted a commercial economy & a commercial republic. wanted to design the U.S. to be a strong economic powerhouse. economic trade. extend the credit of the united states. madison and jefferson opposed a commercial economy because they wanted an agrarian society. a society of yaleman farmers. jefferson considered the yaleman farmer God's chosen people. madison and jefferson feared hamilton's plan bc they thought if the U.S. followed this plan, cities would grow so large people wouldn't be able to own land. described cities as "rotting sores". hamilton disagreed with madison and jefferson. hamilton liked britain and their system. he believed farmers were petty and small-minded.
which political party believed that the bank of the united states was a political engine that created greed and corruption?
democrats
which political party believed that they were outsiders, misfits, or victims of society?
democrats
which political party saw government as a threat to man and wanted to return to a simple society run by the laws of nature, not the artificial law of man?
democrats
what is the name of the canal built between 1817-1825 that connected Albany, New York to Buffalo, New York that made other states want to build their own canal?
erie canal
what term- suggesting narrowness, selfishness, and corruption- did American politicians in the 1790s use in place of what we would call political parties?
factions
what term-suggesting narrowness, selfishness, and corruption- did american politicians in the 1790s use in place of what we would call political parties?
factions
James Madison
future president. a lot of important ideas about the constitution. known as the "father of the constitution". wrote the first draft of the constitution. deeply studied past gov'ts throughout history. understands and has plans to fix problems with gov't. create a gov't so powerful it could veto state laws. argued power must be refined. "if men were angels, we wouldn't need government". he wanted to make government control governed in itself. thought supporting the government advanced our own interest as a nation. ideas are partially accepted, partially rejected.
Virginia Plan
has to do with representation in congress. Madison wants a 2 house legislature. Madison wants one house to be chosen by the people, and that to be called a lower house. and the other house to be selected by state legislatures. # of representatives for each state should be based on population, not equality. we deserve to have the most representation because we have the most people in our state
Who was the author of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 that allowed for Missouri to enter the union as a slave state?
henry clay
who arranged for the passage of a compromise of tariff to end the nullification crisis in 1828?
henry clay
who tried to re-charter the bank of the United States early in 1832?
henry clay
who was the speaker of the house during the election of 1824?
henry clay
thomas jefferson
his personality did not scream political leader. he was a quiet intellectual. subtle and crafty, slyly ambitious. his inauguration said a lot about the type of person he was and how he would manage the presidency. planned the inauguration by himself. at the time his inauguration did not seem like a revolution. very simple, like the rest of his presidency. thought the people who voted against him were monarchists. thought they loved britain too much. he never thought the federalists were good people. jefferson wanted the partisan conflict to come to an end. according to jefferson, the election of 1800 turned society toward the first period of government. the people elected me because they were unhappy with the way the washington and adams administration went
what is the term used to describe when British ships took U.S. sailors and forced them to serve in the British navy?
impressment
war of 1812
jefferson was not as successful in dealing with foreign affairs in his second term. the french revolution turned radical. in the west, wars devastated europe. jefferson and madison failed to realize the wars were about national survival. problems that caused the war: trade impressment
who won the election of 1824?
john quincy adams
our government has 3 branches:
judicial, executive, and legislative
who was sent on an expedition to explore the newly added territory in 8104?
lewis and clark
constitutional convention of 1787
may-june. a lot of delegates were late. a lot drifted in over an 11 day period. held in miserable conditions because they wanted to keep it secreted, they were talking about changing gov't and going against the articles of confederation. windows closed and boarded up, no air circulation. 3 important delegates: george washington, james madison, and alexander hamilton. convention established constitution that runs our country today.
what was the name given to the theory enunciated by John C. Calhoun against the so-called "Tariff of Abominations?"
nullification
Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)
proposed by Roger Sherman (from Connecticut) took the new jersey plan and the virginia plan and meshed them together. sherman said one house should be based on population and the other house should be equal (the senate).
louisiana purchase
shows jefferson's flexibility with the interpretation of the constitution (which did not provide provisions for how to acquire new territory). strict interpretation (believed whatever the constitution said is what you did) (one reason he was against the bank of the us). france was in financial trouble and napoleon wanted to sell french territory known as louisiana purchase. jefferson knew america needed to acquire more territory to fit the vision of the yaleman farmer. gave him the chance to get france off the north american continent. paid $15 million dollars for 800,2800 square miles. less than 3 cents an acre.
what type of farmer grows only enough food to support his family, does not participate in a money economy, and are considered independent?
subsistence farmers
alexander hamilton
supported a stronger government. strong nationalist. admired british system of government. supported monarchy. wanted high-toned government. wanted senators to be elected for life.
democratic-republicans
the democratic party of today. jefferson and madison. they think the people know what they want. they believed in popular gov't. had faith in the people feared monarchy. they were fearful of people with british leanings.
first bank of the united states
the federalists believed there needed to be a bank of the united states
New Jersey Plan
unpopulated state. thought the virginia plan was unfair. wanted to keep representation as it was under the articles of confederation. equal representation despite population.
revolution of 1800
was not violent, was peaceful. power was exchanged peacefully between the 2 parties. it was an extremely close election. it showed the american people the flaws within the voting system.
what was the name of the 19th century temperance group that consisted of former alcoholic that tried to convince people to stop drinking?
washingtonians
which political party considered themselves to be insiders?
whigs
"X, Y, Z Affair" - 1798-1800
• French captured US merchant ships in the Caribbean so Adams sends 3 diplomats to Paris who wanted to meet with Foreign Minister Tallyrand • Go-betweens of Tallyrand prevented meeting so US diplomats return to US • Adams breaks relations with France, sends their ambassadors home, orders merchant ships to be armed and US starts capturing French ships • US Navy created in 1798 and Napoleon ends conflict in 1800
national bank
• Hamilton's plan was adopted and given a 20 year charter in 1891 • Pleased northern upper class and angered lower/middle class southerners • Second Bank given 20 year charter in 1816
inadequacies of "Articles of Confederation"
• States have more power instead of federal • National unity was difficult • Federal government couldn't regulate commerce between states • Supermajority needed to pass bills in Congress • Federal government had no power to make states pay federal taxes • Unicameral legislature had no check and balance • Each state given 1 vote in Congress • No executive branch to enforce laws • Federal government printed worthless money call continentals, states were not obligated to take it as legal tender, and states made their own money
