world history 1111
What percentage of the Roman Empire's population was Christian before the conversion of Constantine?
10%
Gaius Marius was elected consul this many times, which was a record
7
Which of the following statements is not true about the Swahili city-states?
A single sultan ruled over all of the Swahili city-states
Which of the following best describes the status of knights in the eleventh and twelfth centuries CE?
Because armor, horses, and weapons were expensive, knights gradually became part of a warrior aristocracy, with more rights than peasants
When waging war in China, the Mongols faced which challenge?
Chinese cities were usually walled, and some of these walled cities even connected to smaller fortified towns through a set of underground tunnels
This legislation ended the Conflict of the Orders in the early Roman Republic
lex hortensia
During the late Middle Ages, the two principal actors responsible for the exploration of West Africa and the Atlantic region were
Genoese merchants and Iberian kings
The Five Pillars of Islam are the Shahada (the profession of God's oneness), Salat (prayer facing Mecca five times daily), Zakat (giving money to support the Muslim community), Sawm (fasting from all food and drink from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadan), and
Hajj, the requirement that at least once in his or her lifetime, every able-bodied Muslim should make a journey to the city of Mecca
Which of the following was not usually true of a Khagan?
He obtained his position by hereditary descent, as eldest son of the prior Khagan
Which of the following was not true of Genghis Khan?
His ascendancy to power culminated with his execution of rivals at a great Mongol assembly held in 1206
All of the following were true of the Mali Empire except
Mali built a Trading Post Empire along the East African coast
Which of the following was not true about the reforms of the Gracchi and their subsequent significance for the Roman Republic
The political violence against the Gracchi set a dangerous precedent, got a lot of popular support which suggested their reforms would be championed again by later politicians, and proposed laws showed a growing conflicting between the rich and poor
Which two former allies fought against each other in the final civil war of the Roman Republic?
caesar and pompey
Why was Sufi practice instrumental in helping to convert the peoples of Central Asia to Islam?
Sufis were doctrinally flexible and so made some concessions to pre-Muslim practices among new converts to Islam
Which of the following statements best describes the Incan military?
The Incas had an effective army that wore light armor. Two of the strengths of their army were their ability to use the landscape to their advantage and their mobility
Identify the most accurate description of the Mayan political system.
The Maya were not unified under one ruler. Individual Mayan rulers had great power over their own kingdoms, but there was never one Mayan king who ruled over the entire Mayan civilization
How were kivas used at the Chaco Canyon sites?
individual kin groups used them as gathering places
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Christians and Muslims in Ethiopia?
Their relationship was tense throughout the Medieval Period. Muslim teachings of jihad were at odds with Christian values and the two groups were in a constant state of war from 600 to 1300 CE
How has Ethiopia's environment compared to the environment the rest of the African continent?
Unlike much of the continent, Ethiopia had very fertile, volcanic soils capable of supporting large populations
The Quran states that Abraham was
a Jew
All of the following occurred in eleventh and twelfth century Europe except
a substantial decrease in population caused by plague, famine, and warfare
Rome's last pagan emperor was
julian the apostate
The Pact of Umar
allows Christians to maintain their own worship, but it also subjects them to several restrictions placed on them by their Muslim conquerors
When the 'Abbasids seized control of the caliphate
one Umayyad, 'Abd al-Rahman, escaped, eventually ending up in Spain, where he would establish a new Umayyad dynasty
The environment of the Great Bison Belt was
arid grassland
The first foods domesticated during the Archaic period in Mesoamerica included
beans, squash, and maize
The Islamization of Central Asia
began in the eighth century CE and took several centuries
Genghis Khan's vision of a united political empire was never truly achieved because
civil wars emerged among his descendants, thus breaking the empire up along the lines created by the four patrimonial states
Which Julio-Claudian emperor retired to Capri for the final 11 years of his rule, trusting the bureaucratic machine to run the Roman Empire without him?
claudius
Under the system established by Genghis Khan, how would someone establish that he had a right to rule the khanate?
descent from Genghis Khan through his wife Börte
From the seventh to the ninth centuries CE, Muslim thinkers
engaged in disputes over the juristic traditions, and by the ninth century, a consensus emerged that the Hadith were a major source for the application of divine law to everyday life
Historians have relied on this type of source to describe the rise of Sundiata Keita
epics recounted orally by griots
The aim of the First Triumvirate was
for all three members to help each other win additional consulships
During the Classical Period of Islam, the punishment for adultery under sharia law was
for the person who committed adultery to be stoned to death if the adultery could be established by four witnesses. Death by stoning was exceedingly rare
Where was the Great Bison Belt?
from Alaska through the Great Plains of North America to the Gulf of Mexico
The chronicle sources of the ninth century CE state that Norsemen attacked the rest of Europe
from ships
Mesoamerica
had great ecological and climate diversity
Cincinnatus was seen as the ideal Roman in the Roman Republic because
he showed self-sacrificial humility, and preferred Rome's interests above his own, he won an important military victory, and resigned his position as dictator to return to his farm
Vespasian succeeded in establishing a new imperial dynasty due to all of the following except
his noble birth and family connections
Which of the following was least important to the way of life of a pastoral nomad in Central Asia?
horticulture
Christianity was introduced in Aksum
in the 4th century CE
Umayyad Spain was significant in relation to Western Europe because
it would be through Umayyad Spain that the learning of the ancient world eventually moved to Western Europe.
What was the eventual fate of the Ayyubid sultanate that Salah al-Din established in Egypt?
its sultans would be overthrown by their mamluks in the mid thirteenth century CE
In the Qur'an, Muhammad states that
jesus was the Messiah, born of Mary, and worked miracles. Jesus was a human
The first significant addition to Genghis Khan's empire was
northern china
In addition to having defeated the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in battle, Salah al-Din's other major accomplishment was to have
overthrown the Shia Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt.
Both Tiberius Gracchhus and Gaius Gracchus unsuccessfully attempted to pass major land reforms by using thier elected office as
plebian tribunes
Which of the following was not a reform instituted in the Roman army by Gaius Marius
requiring troops to purchase and bring their own armor
Roman respect for mos maiorum resulted in
resistance to change and innovation
On December 25 in the year 800, Pope Leo III declared Charlemagne to be
roman emperor
Which period of Roman history did the nineteenth-century British historian Edward Gibbon call "the happiest age" of mankind?
rule of the five good emperors
The oral tradition about Kilwa Kisiwani shows all of the following except
the rulers of Swahili city-states traced their descent to the kings of Great Zimbabwe
Which group loved Emperor Nero?
senate
Which of the following best describes gender relations in early medieval Europe?
society was patriarchal, but women had some rights (such as to keep property brought into a marriage) and often took part in economic life.
In the field of learning, Charlemagne and his successors
sought to promote the copying of books and the foundation of schools throughout the empire in order to increase Latin literacy as part of a program of moral reform
Which politician changed the Roman constitution in order to weaken the plebeian tribunate?
sulla
According to Tacitus, what were the two secrets of the empire that were revealed in 69 CE?
that emperors could be made outside the city of Rome, and that they army could make emperors
What was Saint Augustine's view of human sexuality?
that sexuality could be good in the context of a Christian marriage, but even then, it had to be focused on having children and was still tainted by human greed and lust
In the years before the Prophet Muhammad preached Islam
the Arabs lived in tribes, usually a group of relatives who claimed descent from a common ancestor
Although many of the papacy's efforts at Church reform in the eleventh century were successful, one consequence was that
the Catholic and Orthodox churches were split from one another
Which of the following is true of the Macedonian Dynasty?
the Macedonian Emperors enjoyed a series of military and political successes so that by the death of Basil II in 1025, the Empire was the strongest it had been since the seventh century
In the Battle of Manzikert,
the Seljuk Turks under Alps Arslan wiped out the Byzantine field army under the command of Emperor Romanos IV
The Inca were associated with all of the following except
the Tello Obelisk
One difference between the Toltecs and their Teotihuacán predecessors was
the Toltec desire to conquer. They pursued war for reasons beyond the usual captive taking and territorial gain, viewing conquest as a "sacred war."
Which of the following was not a major cause of a large-scale loss of life in late medieval Western Europe?
the crusades
Which event is considered to be the end of the Roman Empire in the West?
the deposition of the emperor romulus augustulus in 476 ce
Upon the death of Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious
the empire was divided between Louis's three sons Charles the Bald, Louis the German, and Lothar
Stories about Sundiata Keita demonstrate syncretism as they
trace his background to the early followers of the Muslim prophet Muhammad and also to the powerful pre-Islamic, local clans of the lion and the buffalo
Prior to the rise of the Mongols, which ethnic group had the most significant impact on Central Asia?
turkic
The name Genghis Khan means
universal ruler
The climate of Africa
varies greatly across the continent
Which state could be considered the strongest and most successful during the period from 1000 to 1500 CE?
venice
Which city was not conquered by the Mongols?
vienna
Machu Picchu
was likely built during the reign of Pachacuti and used as a royal retreat
In Western Europe of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, castles
were initially made of wood, but later came to be constructed out of stone
Non-Muslims living in Muslim-ruled territory
were required to pay a tax called a jizya, but otherwise allowed to practice their religion
When did the traditional Roman religion become illegal in the Roman Empire?
when theodosius outlawed it
What was one of the primary causes of the dispute that would eventually lead to the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims?
whether 'Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, should have succeeded to the rule of the Muslim faithful, or whether a new caliph should be chosen by consensus.
When did the Roman Empire fall?
with the assassination of julus caesar, at the death augustus, and during the dictatorship of sulla
