HIST 15 CH 13

After its surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, General Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was

paroled and sent home. In return for their promise not to fight again, Grant allowed Confederate officers and men to take their horses and personal weapons and go home.

Which Union general replaced George McClellan, only to be beaten at the December 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg in Virginia?

Ambrose E. Burnside Lincoln's first choice to replace George McClellan, Ambrose E. Burnside, proved to be more daring but woefully incompetent. In December 1862, after heavy losses in futile attacks against well-entrenched Confederate forces at Fredericksburg, Virginia, Burnside resigned his command.

What was the first major battle of the Civil War, in which Union forces were driven back by Confederate forces?

Bull Run At Bull Run, panic swept the Union troops under General McDowell when Confederate soldiers counterattacked with the hair-raising "rebel yell." McDowell's troops, as well as many civilians who had come to observe the battle, retreated in disarray to Washington.

American women played an important role in organizing the distribution of supplies and the staffing of field hospitals with nurses during the Civil War. One of these women, who later founded the American Red Cross, was

Clara Barton. Clara Barton was a Union nurse before she founded the American Red Cross.

Which act sparked opposition and violence in the North in 1863?

Enrollment Act The Enrollment Act sparked opposition and violence in the North in 1863.

What Union general was appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac in 1862 but was later dismissed by Lincoln because he lacked the stomach to commit his forces to battle?

George B. McClellan The Union general who was appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac in 1862, but whom Lincoln dismissed because he lacked the stomach to commit his forces to heavy casualties, was George McClellan.

How did Ulysses S. Grant differ tactically from previous Union commanders in the East, such as George McClellan and Ambrose Burnside?

Grant believed in pressing Union advantages in men and material. Previous commanders were overly cautious. Grant pressed Union advantages in men and material, despite heavy losses.

How were federal greenbacks printed during the Civil War different from treasury notes used before the Civil War?

Greenbacks could not be exchanged for specie.

What was the primary reason Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862?

He agreed with Frederick Douglass that the war was a struggle to end slavery. Lincoln came to agree with Douglass that slavery needed to be ended for both moral and military reasons.

What was a result of General Ulysses S. Grant's campaign in Virginia in the spring and summer of 1864?

It caused severe casualties for both armies but did not end the war.

What justification did Abraham Lincoln give for announcing the emancipation policy?

Military necessity

What group of northerners was most likely to support the war effort?

Native-born Republicans The native-born Republicans were the most ardent supporters of the war effort. Democrats, both native and foreign born, were more likely to oppose the war, especially the poor urban immigrants who objected to the draft and a war to end slavery.

In June 1864, the Union forces of Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to which important railroad center in Virginia?

Petersburg In 1864, Grant's Union forces surrounded the town of Petersburg, Virginia. Grant besieged the town for almost a year, until Lee's surrender at Appomattox in April 1865.

What fear prompted white southerners, many of whom were not slaveholders, to flock to enlist in the Confederate military forces?

Racial miscegenation

How did Confederate paper money policy differ from Union paper money (greenback) policy?

The Confederates overprinted paper money, while the Union did not. The Confederates overprinted money, creating massive inflation. The Union did not print many greenbacks.

What loophole of the South's draft was controversial?

The ability of draftees to hire substitutes Because of a loophole in a Confederate draft law, draftees could hire substitutes. High casualties during the war and the decrease of available white men drove up the price to $300 by 1864, three times a worker's yearly wages. Laborers and yeomen proclaimed that the conflict was a "rich man's war and a poor man's fight."

What eroded northern support for the war in May 1863?

The defeat at Chancellorsville The defeat at Chancellorsville followed a long series of military disappointments. But only two months later, the Union's luck would turn at the Battle of Gettysburg.

British manufacturers were able to undermine King Cotton diplomacy by

developing cotton in Egypt and India. British manufacturers had stockpiled cotton and began to develop new sources of the commodity in Egypt and India.

As Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee headed north after Chancellorsville and Brandy Station, the Union army

paralleled the army to protect Washington, D.C.