HIST2620 Chapter 16

Between 1870 and 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas?

25 million

Compared to other religions expanding to the West, the Mormon experience was relatively peaceful and the community accepting

False

The new American Indian groups that migrated to the Great Plains were greeted with open arms and friendly words by the Indians already living there.

False

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except

Irish Americans.

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886?

Knights of Labor

The new agricultural empire producing wheat and corn for national and international markets arose on the

Middle Border.

All of the following were "captains of industry" except

Samuel Gompers.

During the second industrial revolution, wage labor became America's leading source of livelihood.

True

The extermination of the North American bison (buffalo) drastically undermined the livelihood of the Plains Indians

True

Ida Tarbell authored the famous novel House of Mirth, which depicted the downfall of a young woman trying to "marry up" in society.

True False

In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant announced a new "peace policy" in the West.

True False

In 1879, for the first time since the Civil War, the United States departed from the gold standard.

True False

The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was

William M. Tweed.

The United States underwent one of the most rapid and profound economic revolutions any country has ever experienced. Which of the following is a major factor?

abundant natural resources

William "Buffalo Bill" Cody was

an entertainer who had a traveling show showcasing reenactments of battles with Indians.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs established boarding schools for the purpose of

removing Indian children from their parents and tribes and assimilating them into "white ways."

This improvement was key in both the division of time zones as well as improving sales in such brands as Ivory soap and Quaker Oats.

standard gauge for railroads

In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune?

steel

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is

"Cooperative commonwealth."

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non-farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States?

1880

According to Social Darwinism, government should seek to help the poor, and build an activist state to regulate the nation's corporations.

False

Although ethnic diversity is generally associated with eastern cities, in the late nineteenth century the most multicultural state in the Union was Arizona.

False

American presidents during the Gilded Age exerted strong, effective, executive leadership.

False

At the Battle of Little Big Horn, General George Armstrong Custer's troops were victorious.

False

During the two decades following the Civil War, which were known as the golden age of the cattle kingdom, cowboys were highly paid.

False

In the late 1800s, Protestants attempted reforms to "stamp out sin," yet were tolerant of businesses opening on Sundays.

False

In the late 1800s, farm families in the trans-Mississippi West became less dependent on loans as they were able to purchase land, machinery, and industrial products despite the prices for agricultural goods in the world market.

False

The Social Gospel movement concentrated on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking and saw nothing immoral about the pursuit of riches.

False

The West was a remarkably homogeneous region—only in the twentieth century would it become ethnically diverse.

False

With the mechanization of manufacture, skilled workers virtually disappeared from industrial America.

False

Which of the following can be associated with the decline of the Knights of Labor?

Haymarket Square

The author of How the Other Half Lives (1890) was

Jacob Riis.

In Wabash v. Illinois, this prior ruling was essentially reversed.

Munn v. Illinois

What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes?

Progress and Poverty

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company?

Standard Oil Company

The poem by Emma Lazarus including "huddled masses yearning to breathe free" is located on which American landmark?

Statue of Liberty

"Vertical integration" is defined as one company controlling every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution.

True

A significant amount of Mexican-era landholdings were made available for sale because United States courts only recognized land titles to individual plots of land.

True

By 1880, persons of Chinese descent made up over half of California's farm workers.

True

By 1890, the vast majority of the remaining Indian population had been removed to reservations scattered across the western states.

True

By the 1880s, the labor situation was such that Texas cowboys even went on strike for higher pay.

True

By the early 1890s, a pension system for Union soldiers, their widows, and children consumed more than 40 percent of the federal budget.

True

Compared to the United States and the American Indians, Australia's handling of the Aboriginal people was harsher.

True

In setting out to destroy the Indian economy and way of life, Civil War veterans almost decimated the buffalo population.

True

Inspired in part by President Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker, the Civil Service Act of 1883 created a merit system for federal employees.

True

On December 29, 1890, soldiers killed between 150 and 200 American Indians, mostly women and children, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.

True

The Civil Service Act of 1883 marked the first step in establishing a professional civil service and removing office-holding from the hands of political machines.

True

The Haymarket Affair resulted in the hanging of four convicted anarchists.

True

The Knights of Labor regarded inequalities of wealth and power as a growing threat to American democracy.

True

The first national labor walkout occurred in 1877 and was the Great Railroad Strike.

True

The most famous American Indian victory in American history took place in June 1876 when General George A. Custer and his 250 men perished.

True

The term "Lochnerism" derived from the 1905 Supreme Court decision Lochner v. New York, in which the Court voided the state's law establishing a ten-hour day maximum for bakers.

True

The event marking the end of four centuries of armed conflict between the continent's native population and European settlers and their descendants was called

Wounded Knee

In the era from 1870 to 1890, the label "the Gilded Age" originally derived from

a derogatory name from literature meaning covered with gold but what lies beneath is of little value.

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance"?

a pan-Indian movement which involved singing, dancing, and religious observances believed to be reminiscent of earlier prophets

In the late 1800s, this geographic area experienced the most dramatic growth in capitalism.

land west of the Mississippi River

The 1887 Dawes Act

led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions.

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output?

one-third

The belief that private control of economic enterprises should be replaced by government ownership in order to ensure a fairer distribution of the benefits of the wealth produced is called

socialism.

Founded in 1867, this group claimed more than 700,000 members in the mid-1870s, who called on state governments to establish fair freight rates and warehouse charges.

the Grange

The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was

the Interstate Commerce Commission.

The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in

the North and the Midwest.

The spirit of innovation contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s?

the airplane

Elk v. Wilkins (1884) stated that

the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to American Indians.

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was

the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent.

Following the Civil War, generals like Philip H. Sheridan set out to destroy the foundations of the American Indian economy.

true

Legal devices whereby the affairs of several rival companies were managed by a single director are called

trusts.