Community Nutrition - Chapter 14

international nutrition programs

Emphasis in developing countries Breastfeeding promotion programs Nutrition education programs Food fortification and/or nutrient supplements and identification of local food sources of nutrients in short supply Special feeding programs for vulnerable groups

colonialism

Fertile farmland was taken over for cash crops; used to grow cotton, sesame, sugar, cocoa, coffee, tea, tobacco, and livestock for export

UNICEF World Summit for Children

Overall goal of ending child deaths and malnutrition broken down into specific targets including: • A 50% reduction in the levels of moderate to severe malnutrition among children under five years old • A 50% reduction in the levels of low-birthweight infants • The virtual elimination of blindness and other consequences of vitamin A deficiency

F

T or F, Development can be measured by gross national product or quantity of the community harvest

undernutrition

The condition in which not enough calories are ingested to maintain health

indirect costs

economic burden of malnutrition: lost productivity and income, stunted physical and mental development, reduced lifetime earnings, etc.

stunted physical and mental development

economic burden of malnutrition: reduced lifetime earnings

colonialism

removal of raw materials for industrial use

financial, technologies, marketing, services, groups, pregnancies

Basic strategies for women's programs Remove barriers to ______ credit Provide access to ______ and appropriate self- reliance training Teach management and ______ Make _______ available Form women's support ______ Provide information for planned _____

future

Development that meets present needs without compromising ability of ______ generations to meet needs

HIV, urbanization, environment, aging

GLOBAL challenges: Growing disparity between haves and have-nots Pandemic of ______/AIDS Trend toward _____ Rapid population growth Destruction of global ______ Challenges of global _______

agricultural technology

Governments can learn from recent history the importance of developing local ______ ______

personal

Individuals can help change the world through their ______ choices

146

More than ____ million children (one out of four children) in developing countries suffer from malnutrition

23

Nearly _____% of the world's population experiences some form of malnutrition

access

Poor nations must gain _____ to land, capital, water, technology, knowledge

labor, energy

Research needed toward appropriate technology— _______-intensive rather than ________-intensive methods

unequally

Resources are distributed (equally/unequally) between rich and poor within nations and between nations

marketing

Some multinational corporations also contribute to hunger through ________

pneumonia, prematurity, diarrhea, intrapartum complications

Things that can lead to being underweight for children and how it affects their health status:

growth monitoring, oral rehydration therapy, breastfeeding, timely complementary feeding, immunizations

UNICEF child survival campaign G_____ O______ B______ T_____ I_______

malnutrition, diarrhea

_____ leads to the body not being able to digest food; leads to ______ which leads to the body not getting enough food

women

_______ play a vital role in the well-being of their nation's people

chronic

_______ poverty often results in unsafe drinking water, insufficient food

overpopulation

_______ threatens capacity to produce adequate food

protein-energy malnutrition

a disorder caused by inadequate intake of protein and energy

malnutrition

a state of poor nutrition

maternal, breastfeeding, micronutrient, therapeutic

cost-effective interventions to reduce malnutrition Improved ______ nutrition Improved _______ practices ______ and deworming interventions Complementary and _______ feeding interventions

direct costs

economic burden of malnutrition: health-related expenses

bankruptcy

high import costs and low export profits push a developing country into accelerating international debt that sometimes leads to _______

fertile, crops, cash, prosperity

multinational corporations: Leaves little ______ land for local farmers Acreage diverted from staple ______ Some cropland diverted for nonfood _____ crops Ads link Western snack foods to _______

marasmus

severe emaciation from energy deficiency with chronic wasting of fat, muscle, and other tissues; starvation edema would be present, growth retardation, muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat

kwashiorkor

severe malnutrition caused by inadequate protein and calories leading to apathy, anemia, loss of body proteins, and poor growth mental changes, diarrhea, moon face, hepatic enlargement

sub-saharan africa, southern asia, eastern asia

what countries are the most undernourished?

vitamin a

what deficiency leads to blindness, infection, diarrhea

iron

what deficiency leads to decreased cognitive ability and resistance to disease

zinc

what deficiency leads to growth failure, weakened immunity

iodine

what deficiency leads to mental retardation (cretinism) and goiter

vitamin A, iron, iodine, zinc

what four micronutrients have the largest deficiencies in the world?

birth rate, death rate, standards of living

what three things affect population growth?

soil, crop, agricultural

3 environmental concerns include: 1) accelerated ____ erosion 2) the need for ____ rotation 3) management of ____ resources

malnutrition

Biotechnology and genetically modified food may help mitigate problems of __________

debt and trade

Closely related to the progress a country can make toward achieving adequate diets for its people

food insecurity

Food is available but not accessible to the poor who don't have land or money

world health organization

Has produced a series of policy briefs, linked to each of the global nutrition targets • Guide policymakers regarding strategies necessary to achieve the nutrition targets

16

____% of the developing world's population suffer from chronic undernutrition

the people

development should serve who?

inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, LBW, stunted children, higher infant and under-five mortality rate

what groups of people are the most vulnerable for malnutrition?

multinational corporations

who hires indigenous people for low-wages to grow crops to be exported for profit