Community Nutrition - Chapter 14
international nutrition programs
Emphasis in developing countries Breastfeeding promotion programs Nutrition education programs Food fortification and/or nutrient supplements and identification of local food sources of nutrients in short supply Special feeding programs for vulnerable groups
colonialism
Fertile farmland was taken over for cash crops; used to grow cotton, sesame, sugar, cocoa, coffee, tea, tobacco, and livestock for export
UNICEF World Summit for Children
Overall goal of ending child deaths and malnutrition broken down into specific targets including: • A 50% reduction in the levels of moderate to severe malnutrition among children under five years old • A 50% reduction in the levels of low-birthweight infants • The virtual elimination of blindness and other consequences of vitamin A deficiency
F
T or F, Development can be measured by gross national product or quantity of the community harvest
undernutrition
The condition in which not enough calories are ingested to maintain health
indirect costs
economic burden of malnutrition: lost productivity and income, stunted physical and mental development, reduced lifetime earnings, etc.
stunted physical and mental development
economic burden of malnutrition: reduced lifetime earnings
colonialism
removal of raw materials for industrial use
financial, technologies, marketing, services, groups, pregnancies
Basic strategies for women's programs Remove barriers to ______ credit Provide access to ______ and appropriate self- reliance training Teach management and ______ Make _______ available Form women's support ______ Provide information for planned _____
future
Development that meets present needs without compromising ability of ______ generations to meet needs
HIV, urbanization, environment, aging
GLOBAL challenges: Growing disparity between haves and have-nots Pandemic of ______/AIDS Trend toward _____ Rapid population growth Destruction of global ______ Challenges of global _______
agricultural technology
Governments can learn from recent history the importance of developing local ______ ______
personal
Individuals can help change the world through their ______ choices
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More than ____ million children (one out of four children) in developing countries suffer from malnutrition
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Nearly _____% of the world's population experiences some form of malnutrition
access
Poor nations must gain _____ to land, capital, water, technology, knowledge
labor, energy
Research needed toward appropriate technology— _______-intensive rather than ________-intensive methods
unequally
Resources are distributed (equally/unequally) between rich and poor within nations and between nations
marketing
Some multinational corporations also contribute to hunger through ________
pneumonia, prematurity, diarrhea, intrapartum complications
Things that can lead to being underweight for children and how it affects their health status:
growth monitoring, oral rehydration therapy, breastfeeding, timely complementary feeding, immunizations
UNICEF child survival campaign G_____ O______ B______ T_____ I_______
malnutrition, diarrhea
_____ leads to the body not being able to digest food; leads to ______ which leads to the body not getting enough food
women
_______ play a vital role in the well-being of their nation's people
chronic
_______ poverty often results in unsafe drinking water, insufficient food
overpopulation
_______ threatens capacity to produce adequate food
protein-energy malnutrition
a disorder caused by inadequate intake of protein and energy
malnutrition
a state of poor nutrition
maternal, breastfeeding, micronutrient, therapeutic
cost-effective interventions to reduce malnutrition Improved ______ nutrition Improved _______ practices ______ and deworming interventions Complementary and _______ feeding interventions
direct costs
economic burden of malnutrition: health-related expenses
bankruptcy
high import costs and low export profits push a developing country into accelerating international debt that sometimes leads to _______
fertile, crops, cash, prosperity
multinational corporations: Leaves little ______ land for local farmers Acreage diverted from staple ______ Some cropland diverted for nonfood _____ crops Ads link Western snack foods to _______
marasmus
severe emaciation from energy deficiency with chronic wasting of fat, muscle, and other tissues; starvation edema would be present, growth retardation, muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat
kwashiorkor
severe malnutrition caused by inadequate protein and calories leading to apathy, anemia, loss of body proteins, and poor growth mental changes, diarrhea, moon face, hepatic enlargement
sub-saharan africa, southern asia, eastern asia
what countries are the most undernourished?
vitamin a
what deficiency leads to blindness, infection, diarrhea
iron
what deficiency leads to decreased cognitive ability and resistance to disease
zinc
what deficiency leads to growth failure, weakened immunity
iodine
what deficiency leads to mental retardation (cretinism) and goiter
vitamin A, iron, iodine, zinc
what four micronutrients have the largest deficiencies in the world?
birth rate, death rate, standards of living
what three things affect population growth?
soil, crop, agricultural
3 environmental concerns include: 1) accelerated ____ erosion 2) the need for ____ rotation 3) management of ____ resources
malnutrition
Biotechnology and genetically modified food may help mitigate problems of __________
debt and trade
Closely related to the progress a country can make toward achieving adequate diets for its people
food insecurity
Food is available but not accessible to the poor who don't have land or money
world health organization
Has produced a series of policy briefs, linked to each of the global nutrition targets • Guide policymakers regarding strategies necessary to achieve the nutrition targets
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____% of the developing world's population suffer from chronic undernutrition
the people
development should serve who?
inadequate weight gain during pregnancy, LBW, stunted children, higher infant and under-five mortality rate
what groups of people are the most vulnerable for malnutrition?
multinational corporations
who hires indigenous people for low-wages to grow crops to be exported for profit