HISTART 2001 Final Study Guide
internal typology
"Only 1 story is told and is linked to other panels (vertically) " artwork: Stained Glass Window of the Prodigal Son, Bourges Cathedral, 13th Century (not in textbook)
Artcheiropoetoi
"made without hand"; singular acheiropoieton) — also called Icons Made Without Hands (and variants) — are Christian icons which are said to have come into existence miraculously, not created by a human. artwork: Veronica veil - christ is carrying cross and veronica lets him wipe his face - then has his face painted onto it
transept
(in a cross-shaped church) either of the two parts forming the arms of the cross shape, projecting at right angles from the nave. artwork: S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
The Good Shepherd and Jonah, fresco from the Catacomb of Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, early 4th Century (fig. 8-6 in textbook)
- Divided up into geometrical shapes, christ is in the middle,holding a lamb around his scholders, appears youthful and shows him watching over the sheep. Four surrounding areas all show a story. Story 1: jonah and the whale - emerges from the whale. Chosen due to typology - jonah is part of stories all over from the bible - and links all parts of religion together
typological portrait
Adoctrine of theological types; especially : one holding that things in Christian belief are prefigured or symbolized by things in the Old Testament Artwork: Otto III Enthroned from the Gospel Book of Otto III, Germany, 997-1000 (11-30 in textbook)
Apostolic Age
Age of the history of Christianity is traditionally the period of the Twelve Apostles, dating from the Great Commission of the Apostles by the resurrected Jesus in Jerusalem c. 33 until the death of the last Apostle, believed to be John the Apostle in Anatolia c. 100. Artwork: Old St. Peter's
St Matthew Page from Book of Durrow, ac. 660-80 (11-6 in textbook)
Body turned into large zone of decorration. Has emphasis on 2D dimensions as well as a focus on outline and color. Looks like Work of metal is turned into work of art on style at patterns.
Charlemagne's Palace Chapel at Aachen, 792-805 (11-17, 11-18, 11-19, 11-20 in textbook)
Charlemagne wanted many ties to the roman empire. Inspired by San Vitale, Ravenna. Brought back Column captials. Has the idea of Spolia withing the building - took parts of San Vitale and put it into Charlemagne's building. Has meshing of church and state - has throne with an altar behind it: unique detail.
ribbed groin vault
Diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them artwork: Amiens Cathedral, France, begun 1220 (13-20, 13-21, 13-22, 13-23 in textbook)
The Utrecht Psalter, France, ca. 820-835 (11-1 in textbook)
Filled of songs of praise that honor god. Would include an assortment of ideas (calendar, bishops). people learned to read from these books! Everyone would have these 150 song/poems memorized... and therefore key in culture. Pages had the vibrant pen drawings - encorporated everywhere into the page. poems called psalms. art references differnt lines of the poem, rather then working together to create a coherent scene. Function of the images: only points us to the words themselves. Would have used images to help memorize the words easier due to the pictures. Also may serve as a glossery letting one find the poam they want quicker (jog's memory).
Abbey Church of S. Denis, France, renovation begun in 1140 (13-2, 13-3 in textbook)
First gothic church. Became the burial place of many French kings. Unique due to being the first building to make the style switch from Romanesque to gothic.
Purse Cover from Sutton Hoo, England, ca. 625 (11-3 in textbook)
Found in the Sutton-Hoo Ship Burial - in England. One of the greatest burial sites ever. Had many significant objects that someone old would want to be buried with. Purse-Cover: would have gone on top of a large leather bag - that king would wear. Made out of closenee enamel. Human being attached by a beast on both sides. Syle of figures: incredibly symmetrical. have abstracted and plain forms. Demonstrates wealth and status of person who wore it. shows power and control
Trinity
God is three consubstantial persons or hypostases—the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit—as "one God in three Divine Persons". artwork:Images from the Rothschild Canticles, Germany, ca. 1300 (not in textbook)
Röttgen Pieta, Germany, ca. 1300-1325 (13-50 in textbook)
Has strong emotional effect. Shows violent Pieta - shows christ child on her lap - holding dead figure of Jesus. Painvil to show emotional faces, as well as Christ's wounds. Showcases physical pain of being crusified as well as the emotional pain of watching a loved one being crusified. Main change that showcases bloody scenes. St. francis - moved from christ as high figure and went towards viewpoint of humanity and humble life. Shows christian to understand God - must understand how he lived. Midieval christian love for christ was well understood on the suffering he did for them, rather than the divine and distant christ.
Amiens Cathedral, France, begun 1220 (13-20, 13-21, 13-22, 13-23 in textbook)
Has the highest vaults. Has flying butresses and regular form again. Gets good perspective on original paint qualities. Christ is shown as a model for manly virtue. Has the idea of the prophets as the foundation of the church - ties back in key ideas from the bible. Has a thin nave and super tall vault - has sense of soaring beauty.
Moveable-Arm Crucifix from Döbeln, Germany, ca. 1500 (not in textbook)
Life sized crusifix. Arms have joints - can raise of lower arms. Prupose: passion plays - actions of around easter were acted out. scenes of action: Entry of jerusalem, crusifixion, deposition from the cross, burial in the tomb, resurrection. These arms played essential roles. Body can be taken down and put into tumb. Cruifix would be completely acted out. Syrrogate body can move through all historic actions. prupose: to make passion scenes more realistic - like it is the body of christ. Has hair glued onto the wood for the beard - real human hair would have been attached to the figure. Wind movement of the hair is even more realistic. Important to draw in viewers emotionally and physically.
Bronze Doors of Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany, 1015 (11-25, 11-26 in textbook)
Made to emulate the roman empire. Casted out of bronze. HUGE door. Large bronze pieces is only most recently seen as roman detail. Bishop bayarandar built the door. Relief sculpture: High relief - heads poke down towards us. 3D door still. Door is a directional narrative: left shows old testament and stories (adam and eve etc) and then the new testament is showing christ's birth, life, and crusifiction. Follow drawings in U pattern. Not roman tactile: not sculpted bodies - but jsut show core elements of the narrative. Beleived events in the new testament mirror the events in the old testament. Key connections between what level the ideas are on. main message is to convey deeper ideas of christian religion
Icon of the Virgin and Child and Icon of Christ, Monastery of St Catherine, Egypt, 6th-7th Cent. (fig. 9-19 and 9-19A in textbook)
Mary's eyes are up - lost in thought. Saints theodore and george look out in viewer - known as protectors. Different sylistic modes for each figure - play different roles in hearing prayers.
Lothar Cross, Germany, ca. 1000 (not in textbook)
Roman emperor in the center of the cross - very contradicting! Roman emperor is augustus. Shows that Christ is liek augustus. Shows Christ is like Augustus because both have a bird on the top? We see a use of history and spolia and different imagery into features.:Final detail happens after Otto's death: Otto's dead body subbed in for christ when he died right around easter time.
S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
S. Sernic has typical Romanesque design in the building.
Architecture and mosaics of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526-547 (figs. 9-1, 9-10, 9-11, 9-12, 9-13, 9-14 in textbook)
San Vitale has more circular form - has the direction of a bascilla, but has central planned space. Form is influenced by Roman and Early christian funarary homes. Mosiacs: covered all in dome, entering arch, etc. On arch, Christ is in center followed by disciples - threshold into space. In vault: see paradise - green and gold everywhere. Green and gold - show new growth. Sides have old testament stories - Abraham welcoming angels and welcoming bread into table. Both meant to echo the alter below them - show offerings. Apse - new testament image. Christ is surrounded by 2 angles and then 2 locals. Meant to evoke a worldly idea. Justinean and Theodora: justinean never visited finished church; inserts their power. Maxiniminous is creator of mosiacs - he is the bishop and is very forwardly placed - kinda risky. Ha a crown above his head - also a very bold move to say he was god like. Balance of emperor and empress present.
Otto III Enthroned from the Gospel Book of Otto III, Germany, 997-1000 (11-30 in textbook)
Shows Otto almost as a god like figure - the book is seem as a scroll. Body is shown in same arrangement as roman art. Gospel with Otto Enthroned. Shows other contries coming forward to bear gifts to christ. Roman style with roof and robes. Shows projection into a future on how Otto was - like Christ, like Roman emperor, etc.
Carpet Page from Lindisfarne Gospels, England, ca. 698-721 (11-7; 11-8 in textbook)
Snakes biting others' bodies. Has rigid symmetry. Has interlace decoration as seen earlier. Turns historical context into a beautiful visual form. Comes to new area and adopted ideas of England in order to have the ideas adapted quicker.
The Reliquary Statue of St Foy at Conques, France, late 10th-early 11th cent. (12-2 in textbook)
Statue that was covered in jewels and made out of good - wood form. Face has penetrating stare. Saint was one who was killed by the romans and said she woudl not worship roman idols - but made great miracles happen. Offerings given when offering a miracle. Object doesnt hide the fact limbs are added later - casually assembled. She has a head of a roman emperor - super ironic considered she tied over that. Could show the triumph of her as a person. She becomes the leader of the town - and quite possibly built the church around her - she brought in the money for the church. Said saints in heaven looked like jewels. Anyone who crossed the statue felt the effects - they were punished.
crossing square
The area in a church that is formed by the intersection (crossing) of a nave and transept of equal width. artwork: S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
The church is incredibly regular. Has very grand gothic style - showcases relic of Tunic of the Virgin. Has wider nave, transcept is moved farther down - has a larger choir. Also have many entrances. Has supergrand nave once again - so the viewer feels once again they are "with god". Has complete merging of architecture with design showcasing talent of architecture and art. Has extreme balance of weight onto pillars - really opens up the walls. Has common themes of rose window. Gothic features: has Lord as more solid and still - showcases more stately images. Showcasies the idea of learning - must learn to become holy.
Images from the Rothschild Canticles, Germany, ca. 1300 (not in textbook)
Tiny book, made for a nun / wealthy individual. Not a typical kind of book - blending of many different sources (called florilegium). Manuscript illustrates story from the bible called The paradise miniatures: The "wise and Foolish Virgins". Artwork shows foolish virgins are locked out at the bottom - jesus locked them out. Wise virgins welcomed into heaven. Oil in lamp metaphor designates wise. Christ welcomes the wise virgins - top is them dancing. Canticles is different due to wise virgins story being taken a step farther. Meant to induce a rapture into the women. Virgins then are shown to be by the cross and the women climbing the tree that is the cross in order to show them trying to get closer to god. Shows what one feels to get clsoer to God. Start in typical story - and then end in an unpresidented story - artist is inventive in this. Next scene - Adoration of the Lamb. Lamb symbolizes christ and christ plays music in the sky as the virgins dance. Shows joy of women and the excasty associated with being a wise virgin. Christ and the soul: here, things get surprising. Nun is shown laying in her bed - a vision of christ is shows towards her - Christ is a sun. Christ motions to be cloer to her. Next Scene: sun comes down and touches nun in the erotic scenes of mystical union. woman is turning away as sun reaches ray to face, cheeck, and going under the covers. Shows joy of God is comparable of sex. Final scienes: trinity. Hard to convey the trinity. Shows many ways that the trinity can be evoked with many variations. Unique because religious idea isnt handed down - here we have a woman who is given the permision to show how she relates to the lord. manuscript is an invitation to participate in a visionary experience, rather than just a recount of the experience.
Hildegard of Bingen receiving visions, Germany, ca. 1050-1079 (12-25 in textbook)
Written by Hidegard - abbess of the monastery of Bingen. Noted scolar, composer, poet, mystic, theogylian. Has many visionary experiences. Wrote many books about her visions, and her feelings during the visions. Tells how she sees images within her "inner eye" Artwork: has a flame going into her eye. Must record what she sees and hears. Has scribe documenting what she is hearing - she is also drawing a picture as she is getting the images (waht she is seeing). Here drawing are not traditional - starrry skies, need her text to understand image. Part 1: cosmos - depositing a whole universe, no human figures are present (unique detail). In some images, she shows herself drawing the images / recieving the images. Very unique art that isnt traditional - shows intersting things that she saw compared to others.
archivolt
a band of molding, resembling an architrave, around the lower curve of an arch. artwork: Portal of St. Lazare in France
flying buttress
a buttress slanting from a separate pier, typically forming an arch with the wall it supports. artwork: Amiens Cathedral, France, begun 1220 (13-20, 13-21, 13-22, 13-23 in textbook)
pilgrimage
a journey, especially a long one, made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion: a pilgrimage to Lourdes. 2. Islam. the Pilgrimage, hajj. artwork: Portal of St. Lazare in France - used to lure Pilgrimagers in
evangelist
a person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching. artwork: Page of St. Matthew
Pieta
a picture or sculpture of the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus Christ on her lap or in her arms. artwork: Röttgen Pieta, Germany, ca. 1300-1325 (13-50 in textbook)
trumeau
a section of wall or a pillar between two openings, especially a pillar dividing a large doorway in a church. artwork: Portal of St. Lazare in France
Tesserae
a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a mosaic. artwork: Apse mosaic, Sant'Apollinare in Classe (near Ravenna), sixth century (fig. 9-15 in textbook)
barrel vault
a vault forming a half cylinder. artwork: S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
tympanum
a vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment, typically decorated. artwork: Portal of St. Lazare in France
pointed arch
an arch with a pointed crown, characteristic of Gothic architecture. artwork: Amiens Cathedral, France, begun 1220 (13-20, 13-21, 13-22, 13-23 in textbook)
relic
an object surviving from an earlier time, especially one of historical or sentimental interest. artwork: The Reliquary Statue of St Foy at Conques, France, late 10th-early 11th cent. (12-2 in textbook)
cloisonne enamel
ancient technique for decorating metalwork objects, in recent centuries using vitreous enamel, and in older periods also inlays of cut gemstones, glass, and other materials. The resulting objects can also be called cloisonné. artwork: purse cover
Catacombs
chamber used as a burial place, also private place of worship - hiding work of art: The Good Shepherd and Jonah, fresco from the Catacomb of Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, early 4th Century (fig. 8-6 in textbook)
radiating chapel
chapel, in church architecture, is a chapel radiating tangentially from one of the bays or divisions of the apse. It is reached generally by a semicircular passageway, or ambulatory, exteriorly to the walls or piers of the apse. artwork: S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
carpet page
characteristic feature of Insular illuminated manuscripts. They are pages of mainly geometrical ornamentation, which may include repeated animal forms, typically placed at the beginning of each of the four Gospels in Gospel Books. artwork: Carpet Page from Lindisfarne Gospels, England, ca. 698-721 (11-7; 11-8 in textbook)
Longitudinal Axis
church that has one long axis that leads one way, clean eyesight - eye is drawn at one thing artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Chi-Rho-Iota Page from Book of Kells, Scotland, ca. 800 (11-9 in textbook)
contains few letters of text, very elaborate art. Has northern western influences agian. Wanted to show words of gospel have a magical quality. For person who made this page - it had a different meaning. For instance, making this page shows it is meditation and an offering in itself. Person who read it and looked at it could view the outlining as a moment of prayer before they move onto the text that follows. Very expensive and time consuming to make. Book of kells is very different than roman ideas - very 2D and every edge of face is flattened.
royal portal
definition: so named because of the statues of kings and queens on the embrasures flanking the doorways. The lower parts of the massive west towers and the portals between them are all that survived of an Early gothic cathedral that was destroyed by fire in 1194 before it was completed. The cathedral was reconstructed immediately, but in the High Gothic style. The portals, however, constitute the most complete and impressive corpus of Early Gothic sculpture. artwork: Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
portal
definition: the main doorway of the church artwork artwork: Portal of St. Lazare in France
clerestory
denoted an upper level of a Roman basilica or of the nave of a Romanesque or Gothic church, the walls of which rise above the rooflines of the lower aisles and are pierced with windows. artwork: Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
visionary experience
describing someone having a vision of the divine, can have a personal revolation - person has intimiate relation and understanding granted to them about the divine. Happened mostly for saints, and high up people. Many women and men wanted to have this experiences! artwork:Hildegard of Bingen - woman has a visionary experience, followed by producing this work of art.
devotional art
gorey object - evoke pity and emotion of a viewer. artwork:Röttgen Pieta, Germany, ca. 1300-1325 (13-50 in textbook)
Virgin of Jeanne dʼEvreux, France, 1339 (13-37 in textbook)
has enscriptions at the bottom showcasing events regarding christ. Was a relequary object. Delicate protrayal of mary. Changes the intimidation factor showcased earlier. Shows christ touches face - mary holds him closely and shows tender and feminine protrayal. Has incredible drapery. Work of art is related to a joyous experience when interacting with the artwork.
zoomorphic
having or representing animal forms or gods of animal form. artwork: purse cover - has animals on it
Apse mosaic, Sant'Apollinare in Classe (near Ravenna), sixth century (fig. 9-15 in textbook)
image of christ as a teacher surrounded by saints, surrounded by 12 lambs (12 apostoles), all above the altar; iconic image is of jesus.
Veronica Veil
is a Christian relic of a piece of cloth which, according to tradition, bears the likeness of the face of Jesus not made by human hand (i.e. an Acheiropoieton). Various existing images have been claimed to be the "original" relic, or early copies of it artwork: Veronica veil - christ is carrying cross and veronica lets him wipe his face - then has his face painted onto it
reliquary
is a container for relics. These may be the purported or actual physical remains of saints, such as bones, pieces of clothing, or some object associated with saints or other religious figures. artwork: Casket Reliquary of St. Teuderigus
triforium
is a shallow arched gallery within the thickness of an inner wall, above the nave of a church or cathedral. It may occur at the level of the clerestory windows, or it may be located as a separate level below the clerestory. artwork: Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
Monastery Plan of St Gall, ca. 819 (11-20 in textbook)
is the bulding plans of the ideal church - allows us to have deep insight into the ideals of the time. Designed in order to combat the corruption that the church faced at the time. This plan provided all of the facilities necessary for the conduct of daily life, as well as "the Work of God' in order for the monks to feel no need to wander and therefore commit any form of corruption. Layout is almost a self-sustaining model of a city as well as
jamb statue
jamb statue is a figure carved on the jambs of a doorway or window. These statues are often human figures- either religious figures or secular or ecclesiastical leaders. Jambs are usually a part of a portal, accompanied by lintel and trumeau. Chartres Cathedral. artwork: Amiens Cathedral, France, begun 1220 (13-20, 13-21, 13-22, 13-23 in textbook)
Basilica
large catholic church building, did not want this to have roman influence artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Nave
main area of worship - tall area, allowed for multiple people to pray together (main aisle) artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Church of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople/Istanbul, 532-537 (figs. 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, 9-8, 9-9, 9-20 in textbook)
means church of holy wisdom. Has islamic arrettes. First church build on site was built in 316 - by contantine's son. First 2 churches burned down. Unique due to engineering and size. Architectural advanced because they put a circular dome ontop of a square done Has mystica architectural effect. Light into the church is holy - light is symbolic of christ.
cameo
method of carving an object such as an engraved gem, item of jewellery or vessel made in this manner. It nearly always features a raised (positive) relief image; contrast with intaglio, which has a negative image Artwork: Lothar Cross, Germany, ca. 1000 (not in textbook)
Aisle
passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels with the main space, usually on both sides and is delineated by a row, or arcade, of columns or piers. Called side aisles when they flank the nave of a church artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Iconoclast
person who attacks cherished beliefs, traditional institutions, etc., as being based on error or superstition. artwork: Icon of the Virgin and Child and Icon of Christ, Monastery of St Catherine, Egypt, 6th-7th Cent. (fig. 9-19 and 9-19A in textbook)
Mosaic
popular design pattern that is seen is Christian churches artwork: The Good Shepherd and Jonah, fresco from the Catacomb of Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, early 4th Century (fig. 8-6 in textbook)
Icon
portrait of a holy figure painted on a wooden pannel; done in paint; pray to holy figure directly. Place where this idea came from was 2nd and 3rd centruy of Egypt. artwork: Icon of the Virgin and Child and Icon of Christ, Monastery of St Catherine, Egypt, 6th-7th Cent. (fig. 9-19 and 9-19A in textbook)
primary versus secondary relic
primary relic is an actual part of a human body, usually a saint whereas a secondary relic is something that a saint touched or wore, or oil or water that touched a saintly body artwork: The Reliquary Statue of St Foy at Conques, France, late 10th-early 11th cent. (12-2 in textbook)
Apse
privileged area, usually place where altar is put artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Transcept
provided area for people to enter the church and work their way to the grave of Peter without disturbing the main church artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
Typology
relationship between old testament and new testament artwork: Jonah and the Whale in Christ as Good Shepherd
spolia
repurposing of building stone for new construction, or the reuse of decorative sculpture on new monuments, is an ancient and widespread practice whereby stone that has been quarried cut and used in a built structure, is carried away to be used elsewhere. Artwork: Charlemagne's Palace Chapel at Aachen, 792-805 (11-17, 11-18, 11-19, 11-20 in textbook)
Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France, 1243-1248 (13-25 in textbook)
smaller than notre dame. Connected to louis IX's appartment. super expensive building - bought relics of crown of thorns. Spent a ton of money on relics 3x price of church
Iconophile
someone who espouses iconodulism, i.e., who supports or is in favor of religious images or icons and their veneration, and is in opposition to an iconoclast, someone against the use of religious images. artwork: Icon of the Virgin and Child and Icon of Christ, Monastery of St Catherine, Egypt, 6th-7th Cent. (fig. 9-19 and 9-19A in textbook)
bricolage
something that is put together from multiple parts. The resulting object doesn't try to hide all the junctures and breaking points between different parts - its status as an assembled object is not hidden artwork: Reliquary of King David - hybrid form
Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
stood on sight until 16th century; st. peter led church, 1st pope. had small above ground tomb where christians could worship. Was a massive church, had mosiac's on front of church. Why did christians build this? A: all worshipping together! Now have large interior space
intial page
style of art produced in the post-Roman history of the British Isles. The term derives from insula, the Latin term for "island"; in this period Great Britain and Ireland shared a largely common style different from that of the rest of Europe. artwork: Chi-Rho-Iota Page from Book of Kells, Scotland, ca. 800 (11-9 in textbook)
arcade
succession of arches, each counter-thrusting the next, supported by columns, piers, or a covered walkway enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. artwork: Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
gospels
teaching or revelation of Christ artwork: Lindisfarne Gospels
nane elevation
term: to showcase the height of the church. Includes Arcade, triforium and clerestory artwork: Chartres Cathedral, France, 12th-13th Cent. (13-4, 13-5, 13-6, 13-12, 13-13, 13-14, 13-18, 13-19 in textbook)
Iconoclasm
the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices. artwork: buddas of Bamiyan - buudist statues destroyed by the talaban.
Nave
the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation. In traditional Western churches it is rectangular, separated from the chancel by a step or rail, and from adjacent aisles by pillars. artwork: S. Sernin, Toulouse, France, ca. 1070-1120 (12-5, 12-6, 12-7 in textbook)
Clerestory
the upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large church, containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building. artwork: Old St. Peterʼs (destroyed), Rome, begun ca. 319 (figs. 8-9, 8-10 in textbook)
biblical typology
theology and Biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament. Artwork: Bronze Doors of Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany, 1015 (11-25, 11-26 in textbook)
The Last Judgment Tympanum at Autumn, France, ca. 1120-1135 (12-15 in textbook)
top has holy figures showing that they deserve to go to heaven, but below is all people is misery - shows people weighing their sins and having consequences. Acts to reinforce the ideas of the church - shows visitors must act good.
Stained Glass Window of the Prodigal Son, Bourges Cathedral, 13th Century (not in textbook)
top has large picture stained glass windows, lower has smaller pictrues. 20 scenes for the narrative. Story of the window: son of weathly landowner just wants to eat what a pig eats. Father is happy - kills goat for family. Brother was lost - then found. Must forgive.
Encaustic
uses wax as the binding agent. Paint layers built up through wax. artwork: theotokos
Interior of Santa Sabina, Rome, 422-432 (figs. 8-18, 8-19 in textbook)
very modest on the outside, elaborate on the inside, only one isle, other than that similar to St. Peter's, but one isle allows for chappel growth