History 1301 CH 13 14 15 16
G - 13.5. Define the concept of "Paternalism" and its economic benefits to southern planters.
"Christian Guardianship" - Reciprocal obligation: Slaves provide labor and masters provide basic care for slaves - Denied that slavery practiced in South was brutal and exploitive - Encouraged better treatment because it made economic sense to take care of slaves - Provided slave holders
Y - 13.8. Describe the precarious existence of most free blacks in the slave south.
- 6% of the population - Laws restricted their liberties - Required to carry freedom papers - Most lived in poverty and dependence - Whats feared they would incite rebellion - Could own property and marry - Small elite class flourished economically in urban areas
P - 13.6. Describe slaves' efforts to preserve marriage and family life on the plantation.
- At night and on Sundays slaves were left alone - Slaves created a community and culture of their own - This limited the autonomy allowed the preservation of the family - Slaves created a vibrant African American culture and community that sustained them through the years of bondage and after
O - 16.10. Explain the actions that led to Andrew Johnson's impeachment.
- Aug 1867, Johnson dismissed Secretaryof War Edwin M. Stanton without Senateapproval (final event to cause Congress to take action) - House voted for Impeachment - Senate fell one vote short to remove Johnson from office - Johnson did not challenge Congress on Reconstruction again
G - 15.16. Name the founder of the American Red Cross.
- Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross
B - 13.7. List the many behaviors and acts that slaves demonstrated to show their resistance to slavery.
- Day-to-Day resistance - Running away - Outright Rebellion (Rare)
G - 14.10. List the results of the Dred Scott case.
- Decided the constitutionality of the extension of slavery - Court said Scott could not legally claim a violation of his constitutional rights because he was not a citizen - The Court said Scott's home state determined his status - Declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Y - 14.13. Discuss southerners' reactions to Lincoln's election in 1860.
- Democrats split and nominate two separate candidates for president Douglas (North) and Breckinridge (South) - Republicans nominate Lincoln - Lincoln wins the election - The south begins secession
B - 16.3. Analyze the activities and goals of the Freedmen's Bureau.
- Distributed food and clothing - Ease the transition from slavery to freedom
O - 14.14. Discuss Lincoln's reaction to secession.
- During his inaugural address, Lincoln declares secession illegal and vows to preserve the union
Y - 13.3. Show how white southerners worked to defend and strengthen slavery.
- Established elaborate slave codes to control slave behavior - Southerners referenced ancient civilizations and they argued that the Old Testament sanctioned it - Slavery encouraged southern whites to unify around race rather than be divided by class
Y - 16.14. Describe the goals and methods of the Ku Klux Klan.
- Founded in Tennessee by former Confederate soldiers (1866) - Goal: White supremacy and defeat Republicans - Used terror and violence - Federal government restricted their activities - They fade away with the end of reconstruction
O - 14.9. Discuss the issues that led to a "Bleeding Kansas" in the mid-1850s.
- Issue of slavery decided by popular sovereignty - Both the North and South sent in settlers to seek victory - Violence erupted in Kansas - John Brown massacred 5 allegedly proslavery settlers - The violence gives the new Republican Party fresh ammunition to unite around
B - 14.12. Name the leader of the Harper's Ferry raid in 1859 and analyze the impact of the raid.
- John Brown leads a raid of the U.S. arsenal to help incite a slave rebellion - John Brown will hang for his involvement - The North will celebrate him as a martyr - The South saw him as a murderer and robber - Shows a country divided
O - 14.4. List the provisions of the Compromise of 1850.
- Kentucky Senator Henry Clay proposeda series of resolutions - The resolutions were combined into one bill,which Congress voted down - Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas broke the billinto separate bills and pushed them through: 1. California enter union as a free state 2. New Mexico and Utah would decide slavery based on popular sovereignty 3. Texas accepts new border with New Mexico and gets $10M 4. Abolish slave trade in Washington D.C.. 5. Fugitive slave laws more stringent
O - 13.4. Describe and understand the life of slaves on large plantations and small farms.
- Majority of slaves worked as field hands - 1 out of 10 slaves were house servants - Worked from sun up to sun down
O - 13.9. Clarify the political challenges of southern Whigs and southern Democrats in the antebellum period.
- Most politicians were slaveholders - Most whites in the south did not own slaves - Southern politicians had to convince yeoman (non-slaveholding property owner) what is good for slave holders was good for them - Both parties claimed to be friend of the plain white folk and defender of personal liberties - They protected slavery - They used intimidation tactics (vigilantes and mob violence) to defend the institution of slavery from its critics - They attacked each other as rich, snobbish, selfish men - Politics became more democratic and also became more fiercely partisan - Politics of slavery helped knit together all of southern white society
Y - 14.3. Define "popular sovereignty" as proposed by Senator Lewis Cass.
- Presented by Michigan Senator Lewis Cass - Let the people who settle the territories decide for themselves the question of slavery - Gave hope to North and South - Congress will fail to pass legislation related toslavery in the territories, this question will dominate the 1848 presidential election
P - 14.6. Show how the Kansas-Nebraska Act impacted political parties in the U.S.
- Presented by Senator Stephen Douglas - Organized the Nebraska Territory 1. Split the territory into Nebraska and Kansas 2. Slavery decision left to the settlers 3. Added a repeal of the MissouriCompromise line of 1820 •By 1856, after fighting with the Democrats over slavery and the passing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Whigs were hardly a party at all and the Democrats dominated •Many Americans were drifting politically and looked for an alternative which lead to the formation of 2 new parties
B - 14.2. Explain why northern Whigs and Democrats supported the Wilmot Proviso.
- Proposed by Pennsylvania Rep. David Wilmot - Bar slavery in all lands acquiredin the war with Mexico - Both parties in the North supported the Wilmot Proviso -- They wanted to stop the spread of slavery - The House passed itThe Senate rejected it
P - 16.2. Describe the "compulsory free labor" system of the Mississippi Valley and its purpose.
- Restore plantation agriculture with wage labor - New Labor Code: -- Former slaves sign labor contracts -- Planters agree to pay wages -- ex-slaveholders give up physical punishment - Enforced by federal troops - Too reminiscent of slavery to be called free labor
P - 13.1. Explain how the Lower South had become the "cotton kingdom" by 1860.
- South's climate and geography ideal for cultivation of cotton - 3/4 of the world's cotton grown in the south - South was also a slave empire - By 1860, 4 million slaves in the south
P - 14.11. Understand the significance of the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates and what key issue dominated the debates. Identify how the debates influenced Lincoln's political career.
- The main topic of all 7 debates was slavery and the expansion of slavery into new territories - Lincoln considered slavery a "monstrous injustice",however he did not challenge white supremacy - Lincoln badgered the incumbent Senator Stephen Douglas on his Kansas-Nebraska Act - Douglas called Lincoln an abolitionist andan Egalitarian - Douglas won the election, but Lincoln was thrust into the national spotlight
Y - 16.9. Describe public reaction to passage of the 14th amendment.
- Women suffragists felt betrayed because the amendment protected rights based on race not sex. - Johnson encouraged Southerners to reject the 14th Amendment - Southern cities rioted and an increase inviolence against African Americans whichshocked Northerners and renewed theirskepticism on trusting Southerners - 1866 election was an overwhelmingvictory for Republicans
G - 14.5. Show how Uncle Tom's Cabin contributed to the conflict between north and south.
- Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe - Exposed the sin of slavery - First American literary blockbuster - Influenced the North's perception ofslavery
B - 13.2. Illustrate how slavery continued to grow in the Antebellum South.
Although the federal government outlawed the importation of slaves in 1808, the slave population continued to grow through natural reproduction
B - 14.7. Describe the basic beliefs and goals of the "Know-Nothings".
Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic seek to reduce the power of immigrants
B - 15.13. Describe how the Civil War affected the lives and work of plantation slaves.
The war disrupted routine and organization, therefore the balance of power between master and slave gradually shifted: - 500K slaves ran away - Slaves showed up late to the fields - worked casually- quit early- more assertive
Y - 14.8. Describe the basic beliefs and goals of the Republican Party.
oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; restricting slavery to the South would allow free labor to flourish
O - 16.15. Explain what is meant by "Jim Crow" laws and the intent of Black Codes.
•"Jim Crow" Laws - Laws segregating southern society •Black Codes - Sought to keep freedmen subordinate to whites by subjecting them to discrimination - limited freedmen to farm work or domestic service
Y - 15.9. Assess the effectiveness of "King Cotton diplomacy".
•"King Cotton Diplomacy" - South hoped European nations break blockade for the cotton - Diplomacy failed as Europe wentother places for their cotton - Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamationmeant European powers would be in support of slavery
B - 16.18. Identify the goals of the "Redeemers".
•"Redeemers" - White southern democrats - Goal: restore power of the democratic party and white supremacy - Weaken the Republican party by intimidation of black voters
O - 15.20. Discuss why the Civil War has been called the "Second American Revolution".
•"Second American Revolution" - Creation of a national government - Creation of a national economy - A national spirit rises - Decline in agriculture - Growth in industrial capitalism
B - 16.8. List the provision(s) of the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
•14th Amendment (Pass Congress: 1866; Ratified: 1868) - Made all native-born or naturalized persons American citizens - Gave congress the right to reduce congressionalrepresentation for states that denied voting rights
G - 16.11. List the provision(s) of the 15th amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
•15th Amendment (Pass Congress: 1869; Ratified: 1870) - Prohibited states from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of"race, color, or previous servitude" - Leaving the denial of vote open by other means
P - 16.12. Discuss the impact of the 15th Amendment on the post-War feminist movement.
•15th Amendment failed to extend voting rights to women - Dissolved the alliance between the feminist movement and abolitionists - Feminists turned their main focus on woman suffrage
P - 15.12. Describe the military experiences of African American soldiers.
•African American soldiers - Fought in segregated units - Paid less than white soldiers - Assigned first to labor not combat - Participate in Battle of Port Hudson and Fort Wagner - Crucial to Union victory
P - 15.2. Identify the capital of the Confederacy and reveal why the Confederates placed the capital there.
•After Virginia joined the Confederacy, theConfederates moved their capital from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA.
O - 16.5. Name Lincoln's successor to the presidency and discuss his goals for Reconstruction.
•Andrew Johnson's reconstruction goals - Similar to Lincoln's goals by stressing reconciliationthrough the rapid restoration of the Southern civil government and the pardon of most ex-rebels - His requirements for restoration differed: -- State citizens only had to renounce the right of secession instead of an oath of allegiance -- Ensure Confederate war debts were not legal and binding -- Accept the 13th Amendment (Pass Congress: Feb 1865; Ratified: Dec 1865) --- Abolished slavery •Johnson returned confiscated land to pardoned ex-confederates •Johnson began to accept southern state governments even when they failed to meet requirements
P - 15.7. Locate the Civil War's bloodiest single day of fighting and identify the importance of that battle.
•Battle of Antietam - Bloodiest single day of fighting - Union declares a victory and Lee retreats back to Virginia - Lincoln has a victory for the Emancipation Proclamation - Keeps Europeans out of the war - Union does not chase Lee's Army
O - 15.5. Assess the significance of the July 1861 Confederate victory at the battle at Bull Run (Manassas).
•Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) July 1861 - Confederates repel Union attack - Southerners reaffirm they have the superior fighting force - Northerners learn that victory would not be quick or easy
P - 15.17. Locate and identify the significance of noteworthy Civil War battles, especially Vicksburg and Gettysburg.
•Battle of Vicksburg, MS - Grant leads Union forces to capture Vicksburg and control of the Mississippi River •Battle of Gettysburg, PA - George Meade defeats Lee's Forces •Both battles are a devastating defeat for the Confederates and they are never able to fully recover.
Y - 15.4. Explain how both the Union and the Confederacy financed the War.
•Both sides turned to the sale of war bonds, collection of taxes, and printed money to generate revenue for the war
B - 16.13. Define "carpetbagger" and "scalawag".
•Carpetbagger: northern whites who moved south for opportunity •Scalawag: southern-born whites who joined orsupported the Republicans and Reconstruction
O - 16.20. Discuss the provisions of the Compromise of 1877 and understand its significance.
•Compromise of 1877 - Republicans obtained the presidency (Hayes) - In return, Hayes removed federal troops from the South - The South also received substantial subsidies for railroads •The Compromise marked the end of Reconstruction
G - 15.1. Explain the establishment of the Confederate States of America and identify their top political leaders. Identify the significance of Fort Sumter.
•Confederate States of America (Feb 1861) - Dec 20, 1860: South Carolina seceded; six other southern states soon follow -- Jefferson Davis, President -- Alexander Stephens, Vice President •Attack on Fort Sumter, South Carolina - April 12, 1861: the Confederatesbombard the fort - April 13, 1861: The Union surrendersthe fort - In response, Lincoln calls for 75K militiamen to put down the rebellion
Y - 16.19. Explain why Congress had to decide who would be president in 1876.
•Election of 1876 - Democrat: Samuel J. Tilden- Republican: Rutherford B. Hayes - Electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina remained in uncertainty - Congress had to decide who won the votes for these states
Y - 16.4. Evaluate the meaning of freedom for former slaves and identify their top priorities to reach that freedom.
•Freedmen and freedwomen's priorities were economic independence through land ownership and education (literacy), restore broken families, and freedom of worship
G - 15.6. Name the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia and clarify the significance of his command.
•George McClellan takes over Army of the Potomac •Peninsula campaign (May 1862) •Robert E. Lee takes command of the Army of Northern Virginia •Lee defeats McClellan in Seven Days Battle (June-July 1862) •Lee wins at second Bull Run battle and moves into Maryland
Y - 15.14. Discuss how Republican-dominated Congress changed the U.S. economy during the Civil War.
•Legal Tender Act of 1862 - Created a national currency and paper money (greenbacks) •National Banking Act of 1863 - Established a system of national banks •Sweeping tax laws (income tax) •Homestead Act and Pacific Railroad Act - Encourages settlement west and supports transcontinental railroad •Create Department of Agriculture This legislature strengthened the North's effort to win the war
B - 15.18. Identify Sherman's goals in his march across Georgia in 1864.
•Lincoln names Grant commander of all Union Forces - Begin his war of attrition - Grant orders General William T. Sherman to march into Georgia and inflict as muchdamage as possible - Destroy the will of the southern people
Y - 15.19. Explain the historical significance of actor John Wilkes Booth.
•Lincoln wins Election of 1864 over McClellan •Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Court House •The war ends after 4 long years. •Five days after the surrender, John Wilkes Booth assassinates Lincoln
G - 16.1. Compare the Reconstruction goals of Lincoln and Congress.
•Lincoln's goals: - Reconciliation - Full pardons for rebels willing torenounce secession and acceptemancipation - 10% of state's voting populationtake oath of allegiance to the U.S. •Congress' goals: - Congress lays out their reconstructionplan in the Wade-Davis bill: -- 50% of the voting population take an oath of allegiance to the U.S. -- Prohibit most ex-confederates from helping draft the state constitution -- Guarantee the equality of freedmen before the law •Lincoln refused to sign the Wade-Davis bill into law
G - 15.11. Identify the limitations of the Emancipation Proclamation.
•Proclamation only releases slaves from statesin rebellion not the slave states that stayedloyal to the Union.
P - 16.7. Discuss the goal(s) of the radical wing of the Republican Party.
•Radical Wing of the Republican Party wanted black equality and voting rights and confiscation of plantations from Confederates
G - 16.16. Understand the dynamics of sharecropping in the South and how it shaped post-war race relations.
•Sharecropping - Planters divided their cotton plantations into small farms that freedmen rented. - Paid with a share of their crop usually half - Country merchants put liens on crops in exchange for goods - Created a cycle of poverty
P - 16.17. Name the Reconstruction-era president scandalized by corruption in his administration.
•Ulysses S. Grant's Presidency (1869-1877) - Corruption plagued his presidency - Leads to the formation of the Liberal Party: -- Supported the end of the Spoils System -- Pushed to remove federal troops from the South
B - 15.3. Compare the economies of the Union states and Confederate states and identify the advantages of both sides.
•Union States - Larger population size - Greater industrial power - Access to more resources (railroad,iron, coal, industry) •Confederate States - Skilled fighters - Cotton is major cash crop andothers depended on their cotton - Strong military leadership - Fighting a defensive war
B - 15.8. Evaluate the success of the Union's naval blockade on the Atlantic coast.
•Union blockade along the Atlantic Coast - Very successful; deprives Confederates supplies and weakens its military strength
O - 15.10. Explain the Union's realization that it would have to destroy slavery in order to defeat the Confederacy.
•Union realized they would have to destroyslavery to win, and officially release the Emancipation Proclamation (Jan 1, 1863)
O - 15.15. Show how women contributed to the war effort.
•Women in the War - Farmed, worked in factoriesnursing, government work - Stepped into jobs vacated by men
