History & Philosophy of AI
Rummelhart, Hinton and Williams
(re)invented backpropagation (1986)
John McCarthy inventions
1958: LISP Garbage collection Time sharing
Marvin Minsky
1st neural network simulator
What are the two types of rules in General Problem Solver (GPS)?
General rules Task specific rules
Marvin Minsky inventions
Hardware: Head-mounted graphical display LOGO programming language (w/ Papert)
Dedicated machines for AI
LISP machines Symbolics XEROX Texas instruments A.o.
Fifth generation program
Large Japanese governmental funded research program (1982 - 1992)
Main approaches to AI
Symbolic, Rule-based Machine Learning, Neural Nets
The birth of the term AI
The Dartsmouth Summer Research Projects, 1956 (Summer) Arranged by John Mccarthy, Marvin Minksy, Nathaniel Rochester, Claude Shannon
History of Neural Networks?
The beginning (1969) Backpropagation (1986) Deep Learning (2011)
Turing Machine
The theoretical foundation of the computer (1936).
William Grey Walter created...
Turtles (simple robots)
General Problem Solver (GPS)
a computer program used to perform non-systematic searches
Turing Test
a test for intelligence in a computer, requiring that a human being should be unable to distinguish the machine from another human being by using the replies to questions put to both (1950).
Arthur Samuel created...
checkers playing program
John McCarthy
coined the term Artificial Intelligence
Joseph Weizenbaum
created ELIZA - one of earliest "chatterbots" (1966)
Alan Turing
created first operational electronic digital computer in the 1940s and turing machine
Frank Rosenblatt
developed the perceptron as a learning algorithm inspired by the functioning of neurons in the brain (1958).
Arthur Samuel
introduced the term machine learning in 1959.
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
introducing the first computer simulation model called- the logic theorist and then revamped it- called the general problem solver.
Rodney Brooks
known for his work on behavior-based robotics and his development of autonomous robots that can exhibit intelligent behavior through interacting with their environment.
Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts
laid the foundation for the concept of artificial neurons and computational models of neural networks (1943).
Marvin Minsky did a PhD thesis on...
perceptrons
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon also created
physical symbols system hypothesis (theory about AI)
Terje Lømo
research in the 1960s that led to the discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP).
Properties of General Problem Solver
symbolic rule-based based on related logic and proofs search
