History CH 20 Reading

Why was passage of the Seventeenth Amendment an important progressive victory?

It increased the electorate's power by transferring the right to vote for U.S. senators from the state legislatures to the voter.

Which of the following was the nation's leading preservationist and the founder of the Sierra Club?

John Muir

The first Jew and most advanced progressive to serve on the Supreme Court was

Louis D. Brandeis.

The most famous settlement house of the progressive era was ____ house in Chicago.

Hull

As president, Taft

filed almost a hundred corporate antitrust suits.

During the 1912 Republican Convention, Theodore Roosevelt

fought President Taft for the nomination to the Republican Party ticket.

While scientists originally applied the term eugenics to discussion of hybrids and breeds of animals and plants, some scientists used eugenics to theorize that

human inequalities were hereditary.

Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform

urban politics.

Most of the western progressive reformers

were current or former U.S. senators.

The largest single reform movement of the progressive era was probably the fight for

women's right to vote.

In 1912, the Democratic Party nominated

Woodrow Wilson after considerable balloting.

What happened at Osawatomie, Kansas, in 1910?

In a speech, Theodore Roosevelt signaled his intention to lead the reform wing of his party.

How did the phrase "square deal" figure in the 1904 elections?

Theodore Roosevelt used it to describe his behavior in the 1902 coal strike.

True or false: Tammany Hall, the nation's oldest and most notorious political machine, sometimes used its political power on behalf of progressive social reform legislation.

True

Federal legislation passed in 1914 to regulate trade and prevent business monopolies included which of the following?

- Clayton Antitrust Act - Federal Trade Commission Act

Which of the following about Theodore Roosevelt and environmental issues are true?

- He helped establish the federal government's role in managing the nation's wilderness. - He supported public reclamation and irrigation projects. - He restricted private development on millions of acres of undeveloped government land. - He was the first American president to take an active interest in environmental conservation.

Which of the following describe Theodore Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party?

- It was also known as the Progressive Party. - It was founded in the wake of the 1912 Republican Convention.

The Panic of 1907 prompted which of the following?

- J. P. Morgan overseeing a major rescue effort - a threatened antitrust action in the merger of U.S. Steel and Tennessee Coal and Iron - conservatives blaming Theodore Roosevelt for damaging the economy

As professional organizations grew more common, what changes took place in women's professions?

- Nursing became a female profession. - African American women were sought after for teaching at segregated schools.

The fight for women's suffrage challenged the views of many men and women who believed which of the following?

- Women should serve first and foremost as mothers. - Society required a distinctive female sphere.

The organization of professional societies did which of the following?

- aimed to remove the untrained and incompetent - protected against excessive competition in the field - lent prestige and status to the profession - excluded certain population segments

Theodore Roosevelt showed himself to be a champion of moderate change by

- filing more than forty antitrust lawsuits. - forcing impartial federal arbitration in a 1902 strike.

Reformer W. E. B. Du Bois argued that the ideas of rival Booker T. Washington served to do which of the following?

- limit African American aspirations - discourage African Americans from actively seeking their civil rights

Which of the following supported temperance in the progressive era?

- political reformers - working-class wives and mothers - industrial employers - critics of economic privilege

Women's clubs played a major role in efforts to achieve which of the following?

- provide government support for needy families - regulate the food and drug industries - regulate the conditions of child labor

In the late nineteenth century, the majority of professional women worked as

- teachers - social workers

Which of the following legislation was passed during Theodore Roosevelt's administration? - the Meat Inspection Act - the Interstate Commerce Act - the Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act - the Pure Food and Drug Act

- the Meat Inspection Act - the Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act - the Pure Food and Drug Act

Which of the following contributed to Theodore Roosevelt's decision not to seek a third term in 1908?

- the Panic of 1907 - a public promise he had made several years earlier - his troubled relationship with conservative Republicans

Which of following were new power centers replacing the political parties, beginning in the late nineteenth century?

- trade associations - labor unions - women's clubs

Before his election to the presidency, Woodrow Wilson was which of the following?

- university president - state governor - prominent progressive

Progressives believed that society should

- work toward social cohesion - limit monopolies and concentrated power.

Which of the following statements about William Howard Taft is true?

He left the presidency as the most decisively defeated president in the twentieth century.

True or false: Across the United States, women supported progressive reform by effectively forming voting blocs that supported progressive candidates and initiatives.

False

How did Theodore Roosevelt approach the controversial issue of business trusts?

He believed the trusts ought to be regulated.

Why was the role of women in progressive reform movements so striking?

Most people of the time believed that women were not suited for the public world.

Who believed that nonscientific problems could be analyzed and solved scientifically?

Progressives

True or false: The exclusion of certain groups from professional organizations kept membership down, which ensured that the demand for services of those already in the profession remained high.

True

True or false: Theodore Roosevelt elevated the presidency into the center of national political life.

True

How did the leaders of Tammany Hall react to pressure from progressives?

They tried to preserve their influence by agreeing to some reforms.

What did progressives believe was wrong with state legislatures?

They were too controlled by party bosses.

True or false: Progressives believed that government must play a role in the improvement and stabilization of society.

True

Who was Theodore Roosevelt's most trusted lieutenant and his handpicked successor, who was elected president in 1908?

William Howard Taft

The decrease in party influence in the early twentieth century was directly related to

a decline in voter turnout.

Writer Louis D. Brandeis was also

a lawyer and Supreme Court justice.

To end the Panic of 1907, Roosevelt agreed to

a plan by J. P. Morgan to prop up shaky financial institutions.

Who was Thorstein Veblen?

a social scientist who believed the economy should be run by engineers

Against the wishes of conservatives in Congress, Theodore Roosevelt

added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.

During the progressive era, political interest groups

began to replace parties as political power centers.

By the fall of 1914, President Woodrow Wilson

believed that the New Freedom program was essentially complete.

The women's clubs of the progressive era generally began as

cultural organizations for women from the middle and upper classes.

Which of the following best describes the political ideology of Theodore Roosevelt?

decidedly conservative in many respects

For political reformers, the temperance movement continued their work of

decreasing the power of the party bosses.

The Federal Trade Commission Act was

designed, in part, to help business police itself.

Vivid descriptions of the meatpacking industry in Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle helped

encourage the passage of food and drug legislation.

Many progressive supporters of immigration restrictions justified their views by appealing to ______, a field that involved grading ethnic groups according to their alleged genetic qualities.

eugenics

Muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were best known for

exposing corruption in businesses and government.

On which level of government did western progressives focus most of their efforts?

federal government

During the progressive era, the Socialist Party of America

gained strength.

In the 1910 congressional elections, progressive politics

gained strength.

Louis D. Brandeis argued that the

government should work to break up large corporations.

Progressives believed that before they could effectively reform society, they first needed to reform

government.

Roosevelt's new policy, as outlined in his speech in Osawatomie, Kansas, called for

greater federal government activism.

Among African Americans at the beginning of the twentieth century, Booker T. Washington's ideas were ______ they had been at the end of the nineteenth century.

less popular

Muckrakers aided the political reforms sought by progressives by encouraging

outrage at the corruption in city politics.

Prior to the adoption of the secret ballot,

political parties printed tickets that voters deposited into ballot boxes.

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff of 1909, which resulted from a special session of Congress called by Taft, resulted in

scarcely reduced protective tariff rates.

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran for president, in part, because

the Taft administration implied Roosevelt had acted improperly as president.

In their efforts to reform the political system, progressives first targeted

the dominant role of political parties.

To many progressives, which of the following was most damaging to cities?

the impact of party rule

The Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act were proposed by Wilson to address what issue that was central to his 1912 campaign?

the problem of monopoly

Which of the following describes the progressive-era term Boston marriage?

two women who lived together

Support for the Socialist Party of America was strongest among

urban immigrants.