History Chapter 4
Taille
A direct tax from which most French nobles were exempt
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Coup d'etat
A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group
What was the great fear?
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789
What was Napoleon's grand empire
An enlarged France, a number of satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
What countries formed coalition against France after execution of Louis XVI
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Dutch Republic
Why did the Convention pursue a policy of de-christianization?
Because its members believed religion encouraged superstition rather than the use of reasons
Which factors were primarily responsible for the overthrow of the French government in 1799
Corruption, political enemies of directory, an rise of napolean
Many aristocrats and members of the bourgeoisie were attracted to _____, some of which criticized France's absolutist system.
Enlightenment philosophies
What was the Estates General
French Parliament
What was the Committee of Public Safety?
It was a committee that enforced the rules of he committee and pushed down opposition.
When was the storming of the Bastille?
July 14, 1789
How can Napoleon's military endeavors best be described
Napoleon set out to conquer Egypt, but ended up abandoning his troops there
The consulate
Napoleon's new government after 1799
Civil code
Napoleon's unified law system
Who were the sans-culottes?
Ordinary patriots of the Paris Commune who wore full trousers
First Estate
Social class made up of French clergy
Which political group with different ideas about how to carry out revolutionary goals was instrumental in condemning Louis XVI to death?
The Mountain
How did fears of foreign invasion contribute to the destruction of the Old regime?
The National Assembly had to public support strip clergy and nobles of their former privileges
What was the leading cause of the social unrest in 18th century France
The nobility treated peasants in a manner similar to medieval serfdom
What was the Republic of Virtue
a democratic republic composed of good citizens
Elector
a person qualified to vote in an election
What led to the retsoration of the French monarchy
an unsuccessful military campaign in russia
Napoleon's civil code treated women
as less equal than men
Promoton within Napoleon's new bureaucracy was
based on ability only
Conservatism
belief in tradition and social stability
Liberalism
belief that people should be free from government restraint
The Reign of Terror set up revolutionary courts to prosecute
counterrevolutionaries and traitors
Allied states
countries defeated by Napoleon and forced to join his struggle against Britain
Directory
executive under the constitution of 1795
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
guaranteed men basic liberties
Principle of Intervention
idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments
Dependent states
kingdoms ruled by Napoleon's relatives
Duke Wellington
led British and Prussian armies' defeat of Napoleon
One economic cause of the French Revolution was an increase in prices, which
left people unable to purchase essential goofs, such as food
Which political philosophies emergef as a result of Europe's response to the French revolution
liberalism and nationalism
What was the bourgeoisie?
middle class
National Assembly
name taken by the Third Estate with the promise to draft a new constitution
Reign of Terror
policies of the Committee of Public Safety to defend France from domestic threats
Who was Jacobin Maximillion Robespierre
radical who controlled part of the reign of terror and executed many
The Russians defeated Napoleon by
retreating hundred of miles and burning their villages and countrysides
During most of the French Revolution (1789-1799), Napoleon was
serving in the french military
Napoleons new empire collapsed because
the coalition of other European states and the force of nationalism
What was the Continental System?
the foreign policy of Napoleon I of France in his struggle against Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. Blocked British goods from reaching the European continenant
Klemens von Metternich
the most influential leader at the Congress of Vienna
The Mountain
the political club that was most influential in passing the decree to condemn Louis XVI
the arrangements worked out at the congress of Vienna were a victory for who
were a victory for those who believed in conservatism