History Ernest Green
Where does congress receive their power?
From the Constitution
Central High School
Located in Little Rock, Arkansas, this was the first high school in America to integrate and had many state-of-the-art resources.
strict constructionist
- Anti-federalists led by Thomas Jefferson, - believed in expressed powers on only the absolutely necessary implied powers, - follow the constitution rigidly
Scope of Congressional Powers
1) Expressed Powers 2) Implied powers 3) Inherent Powers
Brown v. Board of Education
1954 case that ruled for integration in public schools
Horace Mann High School
African-American High school in Little Rock. Not as well off as the white high schools.
Injunction
An court order which legally prevents something
Orval Faubus
Arkansas governor who defied the Supreme Court until Eisenhower sent in paratroopers to enforce desegregation
State v. Federal
Faubus believed that since public school run under state laws, the federal government had no part in their workings, but President Eisenhower felt that he was enforcing a Supreme Court decision, so he took power over the governor, on request of the mayor.
Ernest Green
First black senior to successfully graduate Central High. One of the little rock nine
Thurgood marshall
Lawyer for NAACP, sought injunction for the Little Rock Nine
Daisy Bates
Leader of the Little Rock NAACP
Elizabeth Eckford
One of the Little Rock Nine who did not get the message not to come to school. She went to school by herself and an angry Mob followed her there.
Inherent powers
Powers congress has because they are the legislature of a Country such as right to determine citizenship/immigration, defend borders, and create currency.
Implied Powers
Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions, such as the draft, types of taxes, etc.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
President during Little Rock Nine integration - sent federal troops to support SC decision
Eisenhower's decision (1957)
Send in 101st Airborne division and federalize the AR National Guard to admit and protect the students
Woodrow Mann
The mayor of Little Rock, who opposes Governor Faubus and supports integration.
liberal constructionist
one who argues a broad interpretation of the provisions of the Constitution, particularly those granting powers to the Federal Government, led by federalists and Alexander Hamilton.
Expressed Powers
powers directly stated in the constitution, such as building an army and navy, printing money, establishing a post office, setting taxes
Lost Year
the school year of 1958-1959 when Orval Faubus closed all high schools in Little Rock because of his resistance to integration; caused hundreds of students to move, be bused miles away, or miss out on an entire year of education
Arkansas National Guard
were there to "protect" but really to enforce the segregation and stop the students entering the school, sent by Faubus