History Ernest Green

Where does congress receive their power?

From the Constitution

Central High School

Located in Little Rock, Arkansas, this was the first high school in America to integrate and had many state-of-the-art resources.

strict constructionist

- Anti-federalists led by Thomas Jefferson, - believed in expressed powers on only the absolutely necessary implied powers, - follow the constitution rigidly

Scope of Congressional Powers

1) Expressed Powers 2) Implied powers 3) Inherent Powers

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 case that ruled for integration in public schools

Horace Mann High School

African-American High school in Little Rock. Not as well off as the white high schools.

Injunction

An court order which legally prevents something

Orval Faubus

Arkansas governor who defied the Supreme Court until Eisenhower sent in paratroopers to enforce desegregation

State v. Federal

Faubus believed that since public school run under state laws, the federal government had no part in their workings, but President Eisenhower felt that he was enforcing a Supreme Court decision, so he took power over the governor, on request of the mayor.

Ernest Green

First black senior to successfully graduate Central High. One of the little rock nine

Thurgood marshall

Lawyer for NAACP, sought injunction for the Little Rock Nine

Daisy Bates

Leader of the Little Rock NAACP

Elizabeth Eckford

One of the Little Rock Nine who did not get the message not to come to school. She went to school by herself and an angry Mob followed her there.

Inherent powers

Powers congress has because they are the legislature of a Country such as right to determine citizenship/immigration, defend borders, and create currency.

Implied Powers

Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions, such as the draft, types of taxes, etc.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

President during Little Rock Nine integration - sent federal troops to support SC decision

Eisenhower's decision (1957)

Send in 101st Airborne division and federalize the AR National Guard to admit and protect the students

Woodrow Mann

The mayor of Little Rock, who opposes Governor Faubus and supports integration.

liberal constructionist

one who argues a broad interpretation of the provisions of the Constitution, particularly those granting powers to the Federal Government, led by federalists and Alexander Hamilton.

Expressed Powers

powers directly stated in the constitution, such as building an army and navy, printing money, establishing a post office, setting taxes

Lost Year

the school year of 1958-1959 when Orval Faubus closed all high schools in Little Rock because of his resistance to integration; caused hundreds of students to move, be bused miles away, or miss out on an entire year of education

Arkansas National Guard

were there to "protect" but really to enforce the segregation and stop the students entering the school, sent by Faubus