History Exam #1
Who claimed to "smell a rat" at the Constitutional Convention?
Patrick Henry
Who warned citizens of Lexington of a British military advance?
Paul Revere
Where was William Penn from?
Pennsylvania
Where was William Bradford from?
Plymouth
Where was Roger Williams from?
Rhode Island
Who organized the Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams
Who founded the first British colony in the New World at Roanoke Island?
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Who briefly represented New York at the Constitutional Convention?
Alexander Hamilton
Who is the former salve who became a major Virginia landowner?
Anthony Johnson
Who was the brutal British leader in the South?
Banastre Tarleton
Who is the priest that advocated for humanitarian treatment of natives?
Batolome de Las Casas
Who was the oldest member of the Constitutional Convention?
Ben Franklin
Who is the author of the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard's Almanack?
Benjamin Franklin
Who was the architect of the Albany Plan of Union?
Benjamin Franklin
Who was the major American peace negotiator?
Benjamin Franklin
Where were the eight lords proprietors from?
Carolina
Who fought against Indians in Kentucky?
Daniel Boone
Who was the governor of the Dominion of New England?
Edmund Andros
Who was a British general in the French and Indian War?
Edward Braddock
Who developed indigo as an exotic staple?
Eliza Pinckney
Who defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588?
Elizabeth I
Although the Seven Years' War has often been called a world war, there was very little International conflict
False
As a result of the Glorious Revolution, England abolished the monarchy and became a republic
False
Because of its harsh winters, New England had a death rate that was higher than that of Maryland or Virginia
False
Before the arrival of the Europeans, the horse was an important part of every New World culture.
False
Benedict Arnold, originally a British officer, switched to the American side halfway through the war
False
Britain's adoption of mercantilist policies set it apart from other European powers of the seventeenth century
False
By raising taxed in the early 1780s, the Confederation was able to reduce the national debt
False
Delegates to the Constitutional Convention sharply debated whether to establish a monarchy or a republic
False
During the Revolution, Loyalists came exclusively from the elite ranks of society
False
During the eighteenth century, demand for slaves in the southern colonies declined slightly
False
During the war, Iroquois tribes such as the Mohawks helped the Americans fight against the British
False
George Grenville continued the policy of "salutary neglect"
False
George Washington was appointed president without any kind of election process
False
In the New World, people were generally safe from disease and epidemics
False
John and Samuel Adams urged their fellow colonists to reject the arguments of Common Sense
False
Jonathan Edwards saw emotionalism as a weakness among Christians
False
Like his grandfather and great-grandfather, George III cared little about England
False
Nathaniel Bacon was an indentured servant who led a Virginia rebellion.
False
Peter Stuyvesant was the defiant governor of Rhode Island
False
The Constitution mentioned the word "slave" (or "slavery") eighteen times
False
The Gaspee incident involved the burning of a church in Boston by British soldiers
False
The Stamp Act placed the first tax on the new colonial postal system
False
The first conflicts of the American Revolution took place in South Carolina
False
The glorious Revolution was bloodier (in terms of battle deaths) than the English Civil War
False
Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution
False
Through the first half of the eighteenth century, the power of the colonial assemblies generally declined
False
Under the Constitution, each slave would count as one person for purposes of representation, but as only half a person for taxation
False
Who led the first voyage to circumnavigate the globe but was killed in the Philippines?
Ferdinand Magellan
Who conquered the Inca Empire?
Francisco Pizarro
Who proposed the Stamp Act?
George Grenville
Who surrendered Fort Necessity to the French?
George Washington
Who urged his parishioners to experience a "new birth"?
George Whitefield
Where was James Oglethorpe from?
Georgia
Who explored what is now the southeastern United States?
Hernando de Soto
Who challenged biblical notions through science?
Isaac Newton
Who led the first French effort to colonize the New World?
Jacques Cartier
Who arrived in Philadelphia having spent months prepared for the convention?
James Madison
Who ended Benedict Arnold'd plot, hanged as a spy?
John Andre
Who was the arrogant British general defeated at Saratoga?
John Burgoyne
Who wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion?
John Calvin
Who was an advocate of "natural law" and "natural rights"?
John Locke
Who wrote Two Treatises on Government
John Locke
Who was a newspaper editor tried for libel?
John Peter Zenger
Who gave the sermon, "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God"?
Jonathan Edwards
Who surrendered his army to Washington at Yorktown?
Lord Charles Cornwallis
Who promised American slaves their freedom if they would join the British was effort?
Lord Dunmore
Who began the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
Where was Cecilius Calvert from?
Maryland
Where was John Winthrop from?
Massachusetts Bay
Who was the American commander in the South known as the "fighting Quaker"?
Nathanael Greene
Where was George Carteret from?
New Jersey
Where was Peter Stuyvesant from?
New Netherland
Who drafted the land ordinance of 1784?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the author of the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom?
Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine
Who wrote The American Crisis?
Thomas Paine
Who confessed to witchcraft in Salem?
Tituba
After 1778, most of the fighting in the Revolution was done in the South
True
After being banished from Massachusetts because of his strict interpretation of the Puritan faith, Roger Williams founded Rhode Island
True
Anti-Federalists favored a decentralized federal system of government
True
As a result of the Christianity that was forced upon African slaves, the fundamental theme of slave religion was deliverance
True
Because traveling at night was dangerous in the colonies, taverns became important during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries
True
Before the Revolution was over, the British were fighting the Spanish, the French and the Dutch, as well as the Americans
True
Belief in witchcraft was widespread throughout Europe in the seventeenth century
True
Benjamin Franking headed the committee that produced the plan of Union in 1754
True
By 1700, tobacco, rice and indigo were the most important export crops of Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas
True
By the mid-1670s, many of the Virginia's free white adult males owned no land, and squatting became a significant problem
True
Delaware was originally part of Pennsylvania
True
Desertion was a big problem for Washington's army during the Revolution.
True
England transported more than 50,000 convicts to the North American colonies for settlement.
True
Englishmen had a very well-developed sense of liberty as a result of the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament
True
George Washington played a major role in the start of the French and Indian War
True
George Washington recognized Shay's Rebellion as an indicator of the need for a stronger form of government
True
George Whitefield was a great preacher who impressed even Benjamin Franklin with his eloquence
True
In 1691-1692, mass hysteria struck the town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the form of an outbreak of alleged witchcraft
True
In British North America, black men and women were often excluded from religious services out of the belief that Christianized slave might seek to gain freedom
True
In the Dominion of New England, taxes were levied without the consent of the assembly
True
Initially, in the early seventeenth century, many of the first slaves were treated like indentured servants and earned their freedom
True
John Locke's writings justified revolution in some cases
True
Many Loyalists emigrated from the American colonies during and after the American Revolution
True
Most colonists strongly believed in the inferiority of women
True
New Englanders, more than southerners, turned to the sea for their livelihood
True
New Netherland became one of the most ethnically diverse American colonies
True
One in six captives died during the Middle Passage
True
Sir Edwin Sandys took over the Virginia Company in 1618 and instituted important changes that stabilized the colony
True
The Anglican Church became the Episcopal Church after the American Revolution
True
The Articles of Confederation left many powers to the states
True
The Bill of Rights originally consisted of twelve amendments to the Constitution
True
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina established a formal nobility and provided for religious toleration
True
The Indian wars of the mid-1670s cost proportionately more casualties than any other American war.
True
The New Jersey Plan propose keeping a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state
True
The Quartering Act required the colonies to provide provisions and barracks for British soldiers
True
The Supreme Court had final interpretive power over the Constitution
True
The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company
True
The colony of Pennsylvania was one of the most diverse in English North America, with English, German, Scots-Irish, and a variety of smaller national and ethnic groups represented
True
The most important crop in the Virginia colony was tobacco
True
The timely arrival of the French navy off the coast of Yorktown gave Washington's forced the reinforcement they need to defeat Cornwallis's British army
True
Thomas Jefferson was the chief author (or "draftsmen") of the Declaration of Independence
True
Thomas Paine's pamphlet, The American Crisis, gave the colonists inspiration with the line, "These are times that try men's souls"
True
Under the Articles of Confederation, some legislative measures required different majorities for approval
True
Where was John Smith from?
Virginia
Who was a British was minister during the French and Indian War?
William Pitt
Who urged his people to pursue salvation without ministers?
William Tennet
A large number of South Carolina's original settlers were British planters from: a. Barbados b. Maryland c. Jamaica d. Georgia e. North Carolina
a
A major cause of King Philip's War was: a. Indian resentment over forced conversions to Christianity b. King Philip's desire for territorial expansion c. Indian anger over their destruction from European diseases d. Indian feelings of racial superiority over the English e. the need of Indian warriors to prove themselves in battle
a
According to the colonists, what did the American Board of Customs Commissioners do? a. It pursued a program that was little more than a system of legalized piracy b. It functioned only if the British government furnished the funds needed to pay the commissioners c. It offered a more efficient and equitable method of collecting customs because it was an American, rather than a British, commission. d. It was made up of treasonous Tories who should have been hanged in the town square e. It was hampered in defending merchant John Hancock because of British regulations
a
Alexanders McGillivray prove to be a shrewd leader by carefully strengthening a. the Creek Indians so they could expel whites from their lands and gain concessions from Georgia b. the Cherokee Indians and gained concessions from North Carolina c. the Huron Indians and gained concessions from New York d. the Wabash Indians and gained concessions from Ohio e. the Powhatan Indians and gained concessions from Virginia
a
All of the following helped fuel the "maritime revolution" of the fifteenth century EXCEPT a. New material for constructing ships b. a more maneuverable ship c. a new type of sail d. mastering the compass e. better use if the astrolabe
a
Although diseases were widespread in North America, colonist were less susceptible because: a. of the dispersed nature of the American population b. Americans had been exposed to most diseases in Europe and had built immunity c. the colonies had much better doctors than England d. the diseases themselves were not as virulent as their European cousins e. American cities were cleaner than their European counterparts
a
American settlers who defended Kentucky were led by: a. Daniel Boone b. George Rogers Clark c. Ethan Allen d. Francis Marion e. Andrew Jackson
a
Anne Hutchinson was kicked out fo Massachusetts for: a. challenging the authority of male ministers b. championing equal rights for women c. insufficient knowledge of the Bible d. believing good works would earn a place in heaven e. refusing to uphold the Sabbath
a
Approximately what percentage of African slaves went directly to British North America? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 15 percent d. 20 percent e. 25 percent
a
As a result of the 1763 Treaty of Paris, Britain acquired what from Spain? a. Florida b. New Orleans c. Mexico d. Cuba e. California
a
At the Battle of Bunker Hill: a. the British suffered major casualties b. George Washington won his first victory c. the colonial militia repulsed every British assault d. Americans learned they could easily beat the British e. Americans refused to take prisoners
a
At the end of the war, New Orleans and all of the French lands west of the Mississippi: a. went to Spain b. went to Britain c. remained French d. became independent e. became the creole state of New France
a
Bacon's Rebellion: a. brought indentured servants and small farmers together against the colony's rich planters and political leaders b. had the support of nearby Indian tribes c. resulted from changes in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina that discriminated against Puritans d. forced Governor Berkeley to abandon the colony and return to England e. sought to make Virginia independent of England
a
Britain's Queen Elizabeth a. walked the line between affirming the monarch's role as head of the Anglican Church yet allowing individual churches to decide which practices to follow. b. encouraged merchants to invest in Atlantic-oriented ventures. c. helped finance the raids of the English "sea dogs" on Spanish ports and ships and shared in the plunder. d. secretly aided Protestant revolts in Europe against Spanish domination. e. viewed English Catholics as potential traitors in the days after the pope declared her a heretic.
a
During the period of salutary neglect: a. the British government took less of a role in governing the American colonies b. new and efficient trade regulations were introduced c. William and Mary ruled Britain d. a new trade board, the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, was introduced e. Americans developed a powerful desire for independence
a
How did Bacon's Rebellion transform labor systems in Virginia? a. Planters shifted from indentured servants to slaves b. It proved that Indians were not a viable source of labor c. It revealed that plants would have to pay laborers more to work on their plantations d. It encouraged landowners to pay their laborers higher wages e. It indicated that landowners would have to find some other labor source besides slaves
a
In 1777, Washington wealth with the threat of smallpox to his army by: a. ordering a mass inoculation b. sending most of his soldiers home c. placing his camp under quarantine d. providing his solider with clean quarter and healthy food e. asking for a halt in the fighting
a
In Pennsylvania, the Paxton Boys: a. killed and threatened peaceful Indians b. employed mob violence against British officials c. used vigilante justice against local criminals d. demanded that the governor reduce taxes e. tended to support British policy
a
In the 1570s, what were England's objectives in the Western Hemisphere? a. It wanted to find the Northwest Passage and to harass the Spanish b. It wanted to find a steady source of furs for aristocratic English women c. It wanted to convert the Native Americans to Protestantism and to establish colonies d. It wanted to discover new sources of gold and to develop new markets for English goods e. It wanted to lay claim to new fishing beds and to find an outpost to which they could exile Irish rebels
a
In the Southeast, the profitability of Indian captives prompted a frenzy of: a. slaving activity b. conversion of Christianity c. raiding Indian villages to capture children d. dishonest treaty making e. missionary activity
a
In the era of the Revolution, the northern states: a. took steps to abolish slavery b. elected a number of free blacks to office c. gave free blacks full equality d. outlawed racist language e. sent many former slaves to Canada
a
James I: a. confronted a Church of England that was divided between Puritans and Anglicans b. openly favored the Puritans c. recognized the supreme authority of Parliament d. conquered Scotland e. was wise and open-minded
a
John Locke's contract theory of government argued that: a. men have certain rights in the state of nature, including the right of life, liberty, and property b. governments were formed when strong men seized authority as kings to protect natural rights c. kings have a divine right to rule their subjects as long as their subjects prosper d. the only legitimate governments are ones that allow all adults, regardless of sex and race, to vote e. government's chief duty is to wage war against other nations
a
John Peter Zenger's trial in 1735 established: a. that truth is a defense in libel cases b. absolute freedom of the press c. private ownership of newspapers d. the right to send newspapers through the mail e. the legal difference between libel and slander
a
Jospeh Brant a. the Mohawk chief who, as leader of the Iroquois confederation, sided with the British during the Revolution and later became the inspiration behind Indian resistance in the Northwest b. the most famous African American to fight for the Americans during the Revolution c. the author who was lynched in Boston because of his pamphlet arguing that Algo-American compromise and peace would be preferable to transatlantic war and possible independence d. the leader of the pro-American peace party in the House of Commons e. the main spokesman for the Antifederalists in the battle over ratification of the Constitution
a
Mercantilism involved: a. government's attempt to maintain a favorable balance of trade b. allowing Americans the ability to govern themselves c. encouraging colonists to develop manufacturing d. a commitment to absolute free trade e. one of the earliest experiments in socialism
a
Metacomet: a. was the Indian principal behind King Philip's War b. confessed to the murder of John Sassamon, a Christian Indian c. survived the war by escaping west with his tribe d. was the leader of the Pequots e. was a devout Christian opposed to the primacy of the Puritan Church
a
Most of the white immigrants to the colonies in the eighteenth century were a. Poor b. Middle class c. Catholic d. Wealthy e. Slaveholders
a
New Light preachers like Gilbert Tennent shook the foundation of the social order by sowing seeds of doubt about a. ministers b. merchants c. royal governors d. scientists e. tax collectors
a
On his first voyage, Columbus: a. explored a number of Caribbean islands b. landed on the mainland of North America c. realized he had discovered a new world d. expressed his kind intentions toward the Indians e. ensured that he would be wealthy for life
a
One of the most controversial elements of the Great Awakening was: a. women who rose to speak during religious services b. the revolutionary approach of the New Light theology c. the democratizing of religion through revivalism d. the acceptance of confrontation as an element of worship e. the fearsome imagery of many of the sermons
a
Pocahontas: a. was the favorite daughter was Powhatan b. refused to convert to Christianity c. married John Smith d. Played virtually no role in the relationship between the natives and the English e. like many women of that era, died young and childless
a
Prince Henry the Navigator aided Portuguese exploration by a. plotting new trade routes that enabled his country to become a trading empire b. developing new sailing techniques that made trips to Asia shorter and faster c. uncovering the lucrative market in North African horses defeating the Spanish for control of Africa's Gold Coast e. convincing the pope to help finance his many expeditions
a
Sir William Berkeley: a. arrived as Virginia's royal governor in 1642 b. caused an economic collapse as a result of his policies c. wasted near-constant war on the local Indian tribes d. disbanded the Virginia legislative assembly that had been formed in 1619 e. captured and executed Nathaniel Bacon
a
Slaves who lived in northern colonies: a. usually lived and worked in cities and towns b. were agricultural laborers like those in the South c. enjoyed more humane treatment than those in the Chesapeake d. usually possessed a trade or special skill e. were forced to become Puritans
a
The 1765 Stamp Act: a. required revenue stamps on legal and commercial documents b. was approved by the colonial assemblies c. directly affected only a few Americans d. soothed American fears of standing armies e. raised a lot of money for the Crown
a
The American victory at Yorktown would have been impossible without: a. French assistance b. divine intervention c. British incompetence d. favorable weather e. superior weapons
a
The Articles of Confederation were fully ratified and became effective a. in 1781 b. in 1789 c. in 1776 d. because most people wanted a strong central government e. never
a
The Currency Act of 1764: a. prohibited the colonies from making their currency legal tender b. created terrible inflation in the colonies c. was designed to ease the shortage of hard money in the colonies d. said that lender had to accept paper money in payment of debts e. changed the name of the basic monetary unit to "dollar" from "pound"
a
The English Civil War affected the American colonies by: a. permitting the colonies to essentially govern themselves b. requiring Puritanism to be adopted in every colony c. placing members of Oliver Cromwell's family as colonial governors d. allowing them to pledge their loyalty to Spain during the crisis e. devastating the Native American culture in New England
a
The Federalist argued that: a. the size and diversity of the large new country would make it impossible for any one faction to control the government b. the Constitution was necessary to prevent one faction from taking control of the nation c. a republican form of government could not work in a nation as large as the United States and therefore the Constitution was necessary d. the Constitution would promote control of government by one faction, which would be good for the nation e. if the Constitution failed, the country could always go back to the Articles of Confederation
a
The French and Indian Wars was triggered by: a. conflicting French and English claims to the Ohio Valley b. religious tension between French Catholics and English Protestants c. the expansionist policies of Louis XIV d. French anger over English restrictions on trade and shipping e. the desire of both sides to pull their economies out of depression
a
The Glorious Revolution of 1688: a. increased the power of Parliament b. resulted in the execution go Charles I c. ended with the death of Oliver Cromwell d. temporarily abolished the monarchy e. delayed the American Revolution
a
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787: a. banned slavery in the Northwest b. made Ohio and Indiana states immediately c. established colonies in the Ohio Valley d. denied self-government to that region e. provided for joint occupation of that area with the British
a
The Spanish colonies in North America failed, in part, because: a. the region lacked the gold and silver of Central and South America b. the region has a greater native population than Central and South America c. the Spanish colonizers did not pay enough attention to military matters d. Spaniards were lazy and incompetent colonial administrators e. they were under constant attack from the French and English
a
The description by the German-born Georgia planter of the "task system" demonstrates that a. Slaves on rice plantations also were responsible for planting other crops b. Georgia planters used their slaves primarily for household tasks c. Slaves on Georgie plantations were made to specialize in one particular task or one particular agricultural specialty to increase their likelihood of success d. Georgia plantations tended to be money-losing operations e. Because of their strong religious faith, Georgia planters prohibited any work from being done on Sunday
a
The explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert: a. was lost at sea d. founded the Roanoke colony c. became a notorious pirate d. married Queen Elizabeth e. was an English captain hired by the French
a
The first of these states to ratify the Constitution was a. Delaware b. New York c. Rhode Island d. Virginia e. Massachusetts
a
The headright system adopted for the Virginia colony consisted of: a. giving fifty acres of land to anyone who would transport himself to the colony and fifty more for any servants he might bring b. "selling" wives to single male settlers c. auctioning black slaves to settlers d. giving free land to all servants who came to the colony e. giving free land in return for five years of military service
a
The purpose of the Coercive Acts was to: a. punish Boston for the Tea Party b. arrest the leaders of the Sons of Liberty c. abolish the colonial assemblies d. outlaw any public criticism of British policy e. make Americans drink more tea
a
The result of General Edward Braddock's effort to capture Fort Duquesne was: a. a devastating ambush and defeat b. a conventional European-style battle c. a prolonged and successful seige d. Braddock's promotion to governor of Virginia e. French withdrawal from the Ohio Valley
a
Throughout the colonies, husbands expected what from their wives? a. submission to their authority b. an equal partnership in managing the household c. instruction in religion and morality d. romantic love as the basis of marriage e. toleration of sex outside of marriage
a
Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress a. combined legislative and executive power b. shared power with a supreme court c. was superior to the various state governments d. was largely a debating society with no clear areas of authority e. would elect the president
a
What did American Tories believe? a. They believed operation from Britain was an illegal act that would ignite an unnecessary war b. They believed Parliament had the right to tax colonies c. They believed only independence could preserve the colonists constitutional rights d. They believed loyal support for Lord North was the surest way to achieve a military victory e. They believed the king, not Parliament, was responsible from the problems facing the colonies
a
What did Governor John Winthrop of Massachusetts Bay colony advocate? a. He argued that God intended for some people to be rich and other poor. b. He supported class struggle and thought tension and jealously were natural. c. He believed that the community should provide cradle-to-grave health coverage. d. He argued that society functioned best when individuals took care of themselves rather than serving one another e. He supported equality between the sexes and believed women's roles were as vital as men's society
a
What did the English do after 1660? a. They renewed efforts to expand and control colonial trade. b. They turned inward to reform their own society rather than establish new societies across the seas c. They embarked on an era of free trade by repealing most parliamentary acts of dealing with overseas commerce d. They abandoned Canada to the French e. They outlawed royal ownership of overseas colonies
a
What did the Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 have in common? a. They both interfered with colonial claims to western lands b. They both extended religious freedom to Catholics c. They both were repealed after colonial protests d. They both were designed to reaffirm French sovereignty in Canada e. They both imposed new taxes on goods imported from Europe
a
What did the conflict over the Quartering Act demonstrate? a. It showed that there was a strong anti colonial sentiment in the House of Commons and that Parliament would not hesitate to defend its sovereignty b. It showed that there was a strong precolonial bloc in the House of Commons that was prepared to exert considerable pressure on the government to maintain good relations with the colonies c. It showed that neither the king nor Parliament particularly cared about the civil liberties of Americans as long as the colonies were paying their share of colonial defense d. It showed that the British government was caught in a dilemma of wanting to permit continued American self-governance but, at the same time, wanting to reassert at least the principle of parliamentary sovereignty e. It showed that King George III was, in reality, the main force within the British government restraining the ministry of Lord North from imposing a tyranny on the colonies
a
What did the term "democrat" imply for most elite leaders of the American Revolution? a. mob rule and or rule by an uneducated multitude b. virtuous leaders elected for their superior talents and commitment to the public good c. universal suffrage d. a large, powerful, and intrusive federal government e. a weak defense policy and frequent military defeat
a
What happened at the Battle of Saratoga? a. A British drive toward Albany was halted when General Burgoyne surrendered 5,800 troops to General Gates. b. Cooperation between General Washington's armies and the French fleet trapped General Cornwallis and forced him to surrender c. General Washington was forced to retreat to New Jersey to escape defeat d. The American forces were saved only with arrival of 15,000 fresh French troops e. Fifty-nine cannons that Colonel Henry Knox brought overland from Fort Ticonderoga helped to save the day for the Americans
a
What impact did increasing English settlement in New England have on Native Americans? a. Colonial farmers cleared fields and trees in ways that chased away the deer and eliminated the wild plants Native Americans relied on. b. English colonists helped Native Americans expand the size of their livestock herds by introducing them to the practice of fencing in animals. c. Native Americans blamed the Puritan god for causing their land and population crises. d. Native Americans embraced the changing ecosystem and raised new forms of grasses, as well as horses, pigs and cattle. e. Colonial missionaries outlawed Native religions and insisted that all Indians in the region practice only Christianity.
a
What made George Whitefield's views seem so dangerous to clergymen in America? a. His challenges to church authority and teachings were potentially disruptive to the social order b. Leaders feared his preaching about equality would inspire slave revolts c. His diatribes against Great Britain were leading colonists to consider separating from the mother country d. His sermons about marriage were leading wives to question their roles and their husbands' e. His celebration of human reason over religious piety had American congregations seeking new religions
a
What was the Mayflower Compact? a. It was an agreement reached by the first Pilgrims to constitute themselves a civil body politic. b. It was an agreement reached by the first Pilgrims to live in harmony with the local Indians. c. It was an agreement reached by the first Pilgrims to be governed directly by England. d. It was an agreement reached by the first Pilgrims to establish a colony open to all newcomers. e. None of these choices.
a
What was the environmental impact of the rapid expansion of English settlement east of the Appalachians? a. Deforestation b. Destruction of the rabbit and possum populations c. Overpopulation in New York and Boston d. Drying up of many swamps e. Development of new methods to prevent soil erosion
a
What was the main problem that crippled the Roanoke colony and hurt Jamestown in its early years? a. The English settlers refused to work b. The nearby French settlement monopolized the Native American labor supply c. The Native Americans refused to trade with the English settlers d. The British refused to send more supplies e. The blacks brought by the English refused to live in harmony with the Native Americans
a
What was the main reason the population of the British North American colonies increased in the eighteenth century? a. Settlers had a high birthrate b. A decade of bumper rice crops led better diets and longer life spans c. Immigration from Europe provided a steady influx of people d. Colonists learned that better sanitation limited diseases and increased life spans e. Wars with the Spanish and French ended
a
What was the major difference between Separatist and non-Separatist Puritans? a. whether or not a "pure" church had to be entirely free on Anglican "pollution". b. the acceptability of extra-marital sex. c. the acceptance or rejection of slavery d. whether women should participate fully in church affairs e. the necessity of a conversion experience
a
What was the name of the proposal to create a single-chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote? a. New Jersey Plan b. Connecticut Plan c. Three-fifths Plan d. Virginia Plan e. Unity Plan
a
What was the purpose of the 1764 Sugar Act? a. It was designed to raise revenues to offset British military expenses in North America b. It was designed to provide King George III with the necessary resources to maintain his opulent lifestyle c. It was designed to increase the consumption of sugar in the colonies by reducing its price d. It was designed to create a monopoly over the sugar trade by the British East India Company e. It was designed to eliminate French involvement in the sugar trade
a
What was the typical qualification for holding office in eighteenth-century English colonies, outside of New England? a. Property ownership of at least 1,000 acres b. There were none as any voter could hold office c. Membership in the Anglican Church d. A high school diploma and the $100 registration fee e. Being born in the colonies, or having lived there at least thirty-five years
a
What were the consequences of the outcome of the battles at Trenton and Princeton? a. They boosted civilian and military morale of the Americans b. They strengthened the bargaining position of New Jersey's 5,000 loyalists c. They increased the morale and optimism of British troops d. They convinced France to recognize the independence of the United States and join the war on the side of the Americans e. They enabled the British to double their troop strength in New Jersey and Delaware
a
What were the greatest killers in Virginia during the 1600s? a. Epidemic diseases like typhoid fever and malaria. b. Indian resistance c. Starvation d. Spanish and French attacks e. Old age
a
What were the main difference between "creole" (American-born) slaves and those born in Africa? a. Creole slaves spoke only English b. African slaves were more aggressive toward their owners c. African slaves were better farmers d. None of these choices e. All of these choices
a
When the British ship Gaspee ran aground in Rhode Island, the local population: a. burned it b. claimed it c. rescued its crew d. pillaged it e. attacked it
a
Where did the French attempt to make their first settlement in North America? a. Along the St. Lawrence Valley b. South Carolina c. Jacksonville, Florida d. Fort Nassau e. None of these choices
a
Where was the colony of New Netherland established? a. Near Albany b. On the Canadian border c. On the St. Lawrence River d. Near Plymouth e. On the Savannah River
a
Which church dominated the Chesapeake region by 1700? a. Anglican b. Quaker c. Puritan b. Baptist e. Presbyterian
a
Which of the following battles forced the British government to commence peace negotiations with the Americans? a. Yorktown b. Saratoga c. Brandywine Creek d. Camden e. Long Island
a
Which of the following institutions was NOT created as a result of seventeenth and eighteenth century religious developments? a. University of Virginia b. College of William and Mary c. Harvard College d. Yale College e. College of New Jersey
a
Which of the following statements about Christopher Columbus is correct? a. He believed by sailing west he could reach Asia. b. He had been recruited by the King and Queen of Spain to be the agent of Spanish territorial expansion c. He embarked on his expedition with limited navigating experience d. He sole goal was to glorify his god and he thought nothing of personal gain to even the finances of his expedition e. He was simply one of about a dozen would-be explorers who roamed Europe endlessly hawking their enterprises
a
Which of the following statements about early colonial life in the Chesapeake region is true? a. Settlers lived in very primitive houses b. Colonists were devoutly religious c. Men and women had very large families d. Indians tended to ignore and avoid English communities e. Settlers lived in small but ornate houses
a
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the battle at Brandywine Creek a. It resulted in American forced abandoning New York City b. It forced Washington's army to withdraw into winter quarters in Valley Forge c. The Patriots lost Philadelphia as a result d. British forced spent the winter in relative comfort following their victory e. The Continental Congress fled after the battle
a
Which of the following terms related to land policy in New York? a. patroonship b. headright c. royal grants d. plantation tracts e. Dutch Estates
a
Which of the following was NOT a major immigrant group to Pennsylvania? a. Puritans b. Mennonites c. Scots-Irish d. Germans e. Quakers
a
Which of the following was a result of the Pequot War? a. Connecticut seized Pequot land and gave it to its colonists b. The Pequots temporarily stopped the advances of white settlers c. Although defeated, the Pequots praised the colonists for their mercy in sparing civilians d. Colonists came to respect Indians for their willingness to defend their rights e. None of these choices
a
Which of the following was not a typical condition in eighteenth-century American cities? a. Declining population because of out-migration to regions beyond the mountains where land was available b. Poor rolls that were bulging with the survivors of mariners lost at sea c. Contagious diseases running rampant because of poor sanitation d. Longer spells of unemployment and declining wages e. Inhabitants who were caught in a downward spiral of declining opportunity
a
Which of the following was not one of Benjamin's Franklin's accomplishments? a. he initiated a movement to encourage organized church to resolve their theological differences b. He published Poor Richard's Almanack c. He organized the American Philosophical Society d. He earned enough money to retire by the age of forty-two e. He pulled together a reading group called the Junto
a
Which of the following was not one of Britain's difficulties during the War for Independence? a. It had a large but ill-trained army b. It had difficulty in supplying the army c. Its navy had been weakened by budget cuts d. American privateers seriously hampered Britain's merchant marine e. It had a rising financial burden that the politically influential landed gentry were increasingly reluctant to shoulder
a
Which of the following was the attorney who defended the British soldiers accused of firing on the civilians in the Boston Massacre? a. John Adams b. Thomas Hutchinson c. Thomas Paine d. John Wilkes e. John Dickinson
a
Which one of the following gave the Confederation government the most trouble? a. finances b. Indian affairs c. land policy d. postal service e. immigration policy
a
Which statement concerning New England wives is true? a. They typically had no property rights independent of their husbands. b. They usually had children out of wedlock. c. They had extensive property rights under English Common Law. d. They were denied the option of divorce because it was prohibited by their Puritan faith. e. They were considered equal in authority to their husbands within the family.
a
Which statement concerning the West African empires prior to 1600 is true? a. They engaged in vigorous trade. were Islamic, and were known for their wealth. b. They had no written language and no transportation infrastructure c. They were infested with tsetse flies and therefore unable to develop a state bureaucracy d. They were generally warrior states with little inclination to develop agriculture e. They were ruled over by kings whose absolute political power was based on ruthless use of force
a
Who were the Antinomians? a. They were followers of Anne Hutchinson b. They were supporters of a pure form of Anglicanism c. They were the first Quakers d. They were the earliest anti-slavery advocates e. They were the first Puritan coverts in North America
a
Why did Charles l restore the Virginia assembly in 1639? a. He needed tobacco revenues and the support of Virginia's planters b. He wanted to democratize the British colonies c. He hoped to strengthen the Anglican Church in Virginia d. He thought it would prevent Virginia from giving in to Spanish encroachments e. He needed a divorce and the only way the Anglican Church would grant one was in exchange for the restoration
a
Why did Pontiac's War occur? a. the British stopped distributing food, ammunition and other gifts to the Indians, as the French had done, and colonists were moving onto Native American lands. b. The British had abandoned their western forts to the French, who were abusive toward the Native Americans there c. The colonial government of Virginia had been pressuring Iroquois tribes to move west so that white settlement could expand d. Some Indian tribes objected to the alliance that had been formed with the Spanish e. African-American slaves in South Carolina began to fear the loss of statues to Indian indentured servants
a
Why did many American colonists object to the Quebec Act? a.It made Roman Catholicism Quebec's official religion b. It permitted criminal cases to be settled without the use of juries c. It created a plan for a military occupation of the colonies d. It transferred Quebec back to France, thereby placing a hostile power at the northern border of the American colonies e. It moved the capital of the Dominion of New England to Montreal
a
Why did the Puritans adopt the Halfway Covenant in 1662? a. They wanted to expand church membership by allowing children of church members to join. b. They wanted to allow non-Puritans the opportunity to join their church as non-voting members c. They wanted to covert Indians by showing them different ways to become Christians d. They wanted to establish the rules for governing in the colony before they reached the New World e. They wanted to reconcile with the Anglican Church by adopting some of that churches rituals
a
Why did the year 1663 mark a turning point for New France? a. The French crown took direct control and made it a royal colony. b. France and England signed a peace treaty and became trading partners. c. The trading company that had founded the colony finally began to earn a profit d. The English turned their attention southward and allowed the French colonists several generations of peace and security. e. Sieur de La Salle arrived and began converting the Indians to Christianity
a
Why was John Peter Zenger's? a. It set important legal precedents that established truth as a defense against a charge of libel and encouraged broader political discussion b. It weakened the authority of a governor to hold a defendant without formal charge c. It created the presumption that someone accused of a crime is innocent until proven otherwise d. It destroyed the last vestiges of a legal system without jury trials e. It guaranteed that the poor would have legal counsel
a
Why was John Rolfe important to the eventual success of the Jamestown settlement? a. he adapted a salable variety of Caribbean tobacco to conditions in Virginia b. He negotiated agreements with the Indians that provided essential food between 1607 to 1610 c. He resolved the problem of an inadequate labor supply by importing slaves from Africa d. He introduced the policy that if you did not work you would not eat e. He persuaded Powhatan to teach the settlers how to grow food.
a
Why was the Battle of Saratoga so significant to the American Revolution? a. It convinced France to support the United States publicly b. It convinced Spain to support the Unites States publicly c. It convinced the Netherlands to support the United States publicly d. It convinced Russia to support the United States publicly e. It convinced Sweden to support the United States publicly
a
With the end of the war, many Americans viewed the United States as a: a. nation with a special destiny b. future imperial power c. temporary expedient until it could reunite with Britain d. North American extension of Europe e. leader in science and technological innovation
a
A "writ of assistance" was: a. an order to the public to assist police officers in arresting suspected smugglers b. a blanket search warrant that did not specify the place to be searched c. the legal order that guaranteed trial by jury d. a government document used to assess criminal fines on colonists suspected of smuggling e. official permission to unload cargo in a colonial port
b
According to the Constitution, the president has the authority to do all of the following EXCEPT: a. veto acts of Congress b. resign and choose his successor c. serve a four-year term d. act as commander in chief of the armed forces e. appoint diplomats and judges
b
According to the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could be admitted as a new state when a. it adopted a constitution prohibiting slavery b. it could prove that it had eliminated the presence of Indians c. its people voted to accept the Constitution d. Britain recognized American independence e. The British were to retune slaves who had been confiscated by their troops
b
At her 1637 trial, Anne Hutchinson had to defend herself against charges of a. plotting to overthrow the government of England b. heresy c. fornication with Indians d. illegally conspiring with John Winthrop to expel all Puritans from the colony e. being a witch
b
Besides Great Britain, France, and Spain, which other countries established colonies in North America in the 1600s? a. Portugal and Italy b. Sweden and the Netherlands c. Germany and Finland d. Prussia and Russia e. Denmark and Poland
b
Choose the correct statement below about European explorers and their expeditions: a. Ferdinand magellan explored the North American coast from the Carolinas to Newfoundland b. Jacques Cartier explored the coasts of Newfoundland, Quebec, and Nova Scotia and ascended the St.Lawrence c. Henry Hudson established the first successful European settlement in North America d. John Cabot rounded South America and crossed the Pacific to the Philippines, where he died; one fo his ships became the first to sail around the world e. Christopher Columbus crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific
b
During the "starving time" of 1609-1610, Jamestown settlers: a. overthrew John Smith b. ate horses, dogs, rats, boots, and mice c. went back to England d. first started growing tobacco e. went to live with the Indians
b
During the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, how did Native Americans fare in Spain's American territories? a. Mission life helped them to keep together and preserve their traditional work habits and language. b. Their population declined as they suffer terrible epidemics. c. Spanish colonial administrators enslaved Native Americans to work in silver mines. d. Spanish soldiers slaughtered Native Americans whenever they resisted the efforts of missionaries. e. All of these choices
b
Elite Virginians despised Lord Dunmore because of his: a. harsh treatment b. offer of freedom to slaves who would join the British c. abolition of the slave trade d. belief in true racial equality e. arrogant British manners
b
Hernan Cortes and the Aztecs battled for control of the Aztec empire, but what ultimately enable Cortes's victory? a. His marriage to Malintzin b. A deadly smallpox epidemic among the Aztecs c. Moctezuma's agreement to join forces with Cortes d. Cortes's brilliant military strategy e. None of these choices
b
How could the American army in the early years of the War for Independence be characterized? a. It was a well-trained army with a strong tradition of bravery under fire b. It was not trained to fight pitched battles against professional armies c. It was buoyed by a string of exhilarating victories d. It was uncoordinated because of the influence of foreign troops who did not speak English e. It was floundering because of a lack of effective or respected leaders
b
How did Americans oppose the Stamp Act? a. Street fighters maimed and murdered anyone who supported the act b. Americans damaged and destroyed property c. Gangs of seamen tarred and feathered stamp distributors d. Prominent women led a wide-spread boycott of stamps e. They created a congress that advocated independence from Great Britain
b
How did Robert Morris propose to solve the nation's financial crisis/ a. He proposed amending the Articles of Confederation to allow the national government to levy taxes without state approval b. He proposed levying a national import duty to finance the congressional budget and to guarantee interest payments on the war debt c. He proposed encouraging the army to mutiny and seize control of the national government d. He proposed cutting taxes and reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy e. All of these choices
b
How did a writ of assistance work? a. It helped colonial merchants cut through the red tape of imperial trade regulations b. It allowed the British to search a colonial merchant's house where smuggled goods were suspected, without requiring proof of probable cause, and seize any items found c. It required prosecutors to present evidence of probable cause for suspicion of smuggling in requesting a search warrant d. It required that specified colonial products be landed in Britain before being shipped to other countries e. It required that colonial commerce agents provide subsidies to merchants engaged in trade outside the British Empire
b
How did the Puritans want to reform the Church of England? a. They wanted to revert to purer Roman Catholic rituals. b. They wanted to purify it of Roman Catholic abuses c. They wanted to purge the church of Quaker influences. d. They wanted to distinguish between the clergy and the congregation e. They wanted to discourage laypersons from interfering in church affairs
b
How did the Renaissance encourage exploration? a. It led Italian monarchs to support explorers in search of a return to Rome's greatness b. It encouraged individuals to teach for new knowledge and information c. It destroyed the connections between Christianity and science d. It ended the disputes between Protestantism and Catholicism e. It motivated many to look for lost treasures
b
How did the Spanish regain control of New Mexico after the Pueblo Revolt? a. They didn't: the Pueblos retained control until well into the 1700s b. Spanish governor Diego de Vargas exploited divisions among the Pueblos and used violence to squash resistance by 1700 c. They kidnapped Pueblo leaders and raided villages d. They hired the Apaches to defeat the Pueblos e. None of these choices
b
How did the colonists attempt to reconcile with England in 1775? a. They sent Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin to London to express their grievances b. They presented the Olive Branch Petition to King George III as a compromise c. They offered to pay for the tea dumped in Boston Harbor if the British Army was withdrawn d. They agreed to accept all of Parliament's demands for lifting the Intolerable Acts e. They promised to disarm if Parliament would remove the British soldiers
b
In French, English, and Spanish colonies, interracial unions between Europeans and slaves or Native Americans were a. universally frowned upon. b. typical in most regions c. an accepted fact of life d. responded to differently by the various European groups e. None of these choices
b
In regard to religion, women: a. frequently served as ministers b. were more likely to be churchgoers than men c. experienced more equality in Puritan churches d. were more likely than men to question religious authority e. were frequently employed as faith healers
b
In the Declaration of Independence, where did Thomas Jefferson place the blame for the problems between the colonies and Great Britain? a. Parliament, because of the oppressive legislation that it had passed over ten years b. King George III, because of the crown's apparent intention to establish despotism c. the king's ministers, because they had refused to compromise and had turned the king and Parliament against the colonies d. British merchants, because their drive for personal profits had caused them to ignore the greater good of the empire e. all of these choices
b
In the South, British troops and colonial militia fought the: a. Iroquois b. Cherokee c. Shawnees d. Hurons e. Creeks
b
In the seventeenth century, the cash crop that was the basis of the economy in Virginia and Maryland was: a. rice b. tobacco c. indigo d. cotton e. barley
b
Jonathan Edward's famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," described: a. a distant and uncaring God b. the gruesome reality of hell c. the beauty of God's creation d. the possibility of universal salvation e. God's desire that Americans economically prosper
b
Legally speaking, slaves were: a. contracted workers b. property c. unfree laborers d. necessary for economic success e. largely Christian
b
Madison's Virginia Plan: a. would create a president for life b. would create a two-house Congress c. was most favored by the small states d. would simply amend the Articles of Confederation e. would abolish the state governments
b
New England was settled by: a. joint-stock company b. religious fundamentalists c. military officers d. the kind and his family e. ex-convicts and debtors
b
On Christmas night 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware to defeat the: a. Loyalists b. Hessians c. British d. Iroquois e. Tories
b
One serious economic problem under the Articles of Confederation was: a. a scarcity of good farmland b. shortage of "hard money" c. the impossibility of obtaining credit d. excessively high income taxes e. low wages caused by an oversupply of labor
b
Perhaps the most radical of the American rebels was Bostonian: a. James Otis b. Samuel Adams c. John Dickinson d. John Adams e. Paul Revere
b
Prime Minister Robert Walpole's relaxed policy toward the colonies: a. was criticized by the king b. enabled the Americans to pursue greater political independence c. resulted in his impeachment d. was seen as a positive policy in colonial relations by the Crown e. reflected his lack of interest in his official duties
b
Slave codes: a. helped potential runaways plan their escapes b. outlines the local laws that governed slave life and ownership c. were universal rules that applied to all slave owners regardless of colony d. outlined the kinds of work slaves could do in certain geographic areas e. guaranteed slaves the right to worship weekly
b
The Battle of Alamance Creek was a. about the limitations of colonial militia b. part of the Regulator movement and triggered by westerners who felt underrepresented in colonial assemblies and were unable to find redress for their grievances c. a battle between colonist on the frontier seeking to expand further west and Native Americans who wanted to protect and keep their land d. evidence that the French were intent on returning to the Ohio Valley despite their defeat in the Seven Years' Was e. All of these choices
b
The Constitution addressed slavery by: a. referring numerous times to "slaves" and "slavery" b. counting slaves as three fifths of a person for the purposes of apportionment c. requiring that all slaves count toward a state's congressional representation d. making it legal in every state e. requiring that slaves have full legal protections
b
The Marquis de Lafayette served the American cause during the war as: a. commander of the French navy b. Washington's most trusted aide c. France's ambassador to Congress d. leader of the attack on the British in Canada e. chief fundraiser in Europe
b
The Navigation Act of 1651 a. was contrary to mercantilist principles b. required all goods imported into Britain or the colonies to be shipped in British vessels c. was mainly attempted to wrest the colonial trade from the French d. was a free trade agreement between England and Holland e. was repealed once Cromwell came to power
b
The Patriot militia: a. favored conventional European tactic in battle b. frustrated Washington with its lack of discipline c. enlisted for a three-year term of service d. basically own the war against the British e. was completely worthless
b
The Sugar Act of 1764: a. legalized trade with the French West Indies b. was intended to generate revenue from the colonies c. doubled the existing tax on molasses d. aimed to reduce rum drinking in the colonies e. taxed sugar refined in the colonies
b
The Tennents did all of the following EXCEPT: a. called old line ministers "cold and sapless" b. urged people to renounce their ministers and pursue salvation on their own c. disciples of Johnathan Edwards and George Whitefield d. considered the gathering of wealth to be acceptable for Christians e. urged parishioners to change their condition through political activity
b
The colony of Pennsylvania was: a. based upon land seized from the Indians b. open to all religious believers c. populated solely by the English d. governed by Quaker ministers e. considered part of New England
b
The events surrounding a suspected slave revolt in New York City in 1741 offer parallels to: a. the English Civil War b. the Salem witch craze c. the American Revolution d. Bacon's Rebellion e. the Great Awakening
b
The first commercially important natural resource in the Indian-English dynamic was: a. lumber b. furs c. tobacco d. fish e. wheat
b
The great exploit of George Rogers Clark was the: a. conquest of the Canadian side of the Great Lakes b. conquest of the western frontier c. termination of Pontiac's Rebellion in the Ohio Valley d. destruction of the Cherokees on the Carolina frontier e. defeat of the British in major naval battle
b
The major objective of the Tea Act of 1773 was to: a. enrich the Lord North and his cronies b. bail out the East India Company c. stimulate England's home economy d. punish American tea importers e. reduce tea prices for Americans
b
The man who became head of the Virginia Company of London in 1618 and instituted a series of reforms to save the colony was: a. John Rolfe b. Sir Edwin Sandys c. John Smith d. Peter Stuyvesant e. Sir Thomas Gates
b
The news of Yorktown inspired the British to: a. recruit more soldiers b. end the war c. replace George III d. sign a peace treaty with France e. replace their commanders
b
The state militia units that made up the initial American military force and later came to augment the Continental army: a. generally refused to ambush the British or to engage in hand-to-hand combat b. often seemed to appear at crucial moments and then evaporate c. provided the most seasoned troops of the war because of their past experiences fighting the Indians d. were highly successful as organized units even though they refused to wear informs e. frequently mutinied and joined the British
b
The war in the South was characterized by: a. massive civilian casualties b. killing of prisoners by both sides c. conventional military tactics d. an unbroken series of British victories e. massive use of slave soldiers by the Americans
b
The was that erupted between the French and the British in North America: a. lasted two years b. became a world war c. resulted in a draw d. sparked massive protest in London e. was the last war fought between them
b
Throughout New England, Congregational churches were: a. open to everyone b. self-governing c. tolerant of other religions d. morally opposed to slavery e. financially supported by the king
b
To Puritans, what was the "little commonwealth"? a. It was the individual b. It was the nuclear family. c. It was the extended family. d. It was the local village. e. It was the entire colony.
b
Virginia's primary labor force in its early years, indentured servants, were a. Irish poor who were forcibly exported to the colonies. b. people who agreed to work in the colonies for two to four years, in exchange for their passage, food, clothing, and shelter. c. Native Americans who worked for and paid tribute to explorers and settlers. d. slaves. e. none of these choices.
b
What beliefs did loyalists and patriots share? a. They were all opposed to secession from Britain b. They both opposed Parliament's claim from authority to tax the colonies c. They worried about what would happen if the patriots should be victorious d. They agreed that those on the losing side should forfeit their rights to any land they held e. They both thought that for the greater good, it would be important to rally behind whichever side was ultimately victorious
b
What did the Townshend Duties do? a. They required that all legal documents and newspapers be printed on special watermarked paper. b. They set moderate tax rates on certain imported items to the colonies c. They imposed such heavy duties on imported goods that colonists could no longer afford to buy them d. They removed taxes on all items except those being shipped to the British West Indies e. They raised large amounts of revenue and helped to reduce the British treasury's serious deficit
b
What did the situations of Tuscarora and Yamasee Indians in North Carolina during the early eighteenth century demonstrate? a. English settler should have been able to use Native Americans instead of black slaves for rice and tobacco cultivation b. Native American resistance would not significantly hinder white expansion in the Carolinas c. Plantation agriculture provided ideal conditions for Indians d. Native American tribes could resist white expansion by remaining unified e. The British Parliament was too quick to send troops when it thought that English settlers were in danger
b
What did the term "republican" imply for most leaders of the American Revolution? a. mob rule and for rule bu an uneducated multitude b. virtuous leaders elected for their superior talent and commitment to the public good c. rule by wealthy corporate attorneys d. a large federal budget deficit e. power decentralized primarily among the large states
b
What happened at Acoma? a. Franciscan missionaries bought Christianity to Native Americans b. Indians who refused to give the Spanish food and other essentials were brutally slaughtered c. Onate established one fo the most successful Spanish colonies in New Mexico d. None of these choices e. All of these choices
b
What was a result of the battle at Lake Champlain in 1609? a. The French gained control of Atlantic Canada. b. Indian and European governments - instead of individuals and small groups - now managed trade, diplomacy and warfare. c. The lake's value as a highway for Indian traders, diplomats, and warriors ended. d. The English controlled all of North America except for Florida. e. The fish and waterfowl populations virtually died out.
b
What was mercantilism? a. An economic theory carefully elaborated by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations b. The theory that a nation's power was measured in its wealth; to maximize wealth, a country would need to export more than it imported c. A colonial American policy of trading primarily with England in order to strengthen political and ecumenic ties d. A theory of business organization in which merchants formed joint stock companies to pool their capital e. The belief that the most effective way to escape from the Long Depression was to increase imports of agricultural goods
b
What was the Great Migration of the 17th century? a. It was the movement of Africans to the New World b. It was the movement of Puritans to New England c. It was the movement of Anglicans to Virginia d. It was the movement of Catholics to Maryland e. It was the movement of Huguenots to South Carolina
b
What was the colonial resistance leaders first attempt at maintaining close and continuing cooperation in defense of colonists rights over a wide area? a. The Stamp Act Manifesto b. The committees of correspondence c. The Continental Congress d. The circular letter e. the spinning bee network
b
What was the effect of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix? a. It led to the withdrawal of French forces from the Ohio Valley b. It heightened western tensions as more settlers moved into the Ohio Valley and agitated to establish a new colony c. It forced the Indians in the Ohio Valley to move west of the Mississippi River d. It prevented American settlers from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains e. It opened the Great Lakes to trade by American settlers
b
What was the general social structure in European society in the sixteenth century? a. Egalitarian b. Hierarchical c. Communistic d. Matriarchal e. Socialistic
b
What was the main purpose of France's North America empire? a. to convert native Americans to Christianity b. to provide furs and agricultural surpluses for the West Indies and timber for the French navy c. to pressure the British into ending their expansion d. to block attempts by the Dutch to gain a monopoly of the sugar trade e. to provide a location for French Protestants to worship without fear of persecution
b
What was the primary object of Spanish explorers in the New World? a. Agricultural land b. Gold c. Land for property d. A fountain of youth e. Furs
b
What were the "Continentals"? a. The nickname given to the group who gathered to write the Articles of Confederation b. The paper money printed by the American government to help finance the cost of the war c. A radical political group opposed to the wording of the proposed Constitution d. The British army sent to squash the colonial rebellion e. French soldiers like Lafayette who aided the American cause
b
When comparing slaves with indentured servants, which statements is true? a. Slaves are more b. Masters spent 40% less to feed and clothe slaves. c. Slaves were heartier and healthier d. Slave has a shorter work week but less vacation time. e. All of these choices
b
Which branch of government was most likely to defend the interest of colonists? a. The crown in London b. The lower house of the legislature c. The judiciary d. The upper house of the legislature e. The executive branch
b
Which fo the following was not a long-term effect of the Great Awakening? a. It led to the founding of new colleges such as Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth b. It led to the decline in the influence of presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, and the increasing importance of Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists c. It led to the emergence of black Protestantism d. It led to the fostering of religious toleration by blurring theological differences among New lights e. it led to unprecedented spilts in American Protestantism
b
Which is true of the English Society by the early 1600s? a. The right to trial by jury had yet to be established b. There was a growing population of beggars and vagabonds c. There were no limits on the power of the monarch d. Titled nobles dominated the House of Commons e. There were no significant class distinctions
b
Which of the following areas was a loyalist stronghold during the Revolution? a. New England b. New York c. The South Carolina seacoast d. Pennsylvania e. Tidewater Virginia
b
Which of the following colonies remained outside of the Dominion of New England? a. New Hampshire b. Maine c. Connecticut d. Rhode Island e. Massachusetts
b
Which of the following is NOT true of the Iroquois League? a. was governed by the Great Law of Peace b. Was primarily based along the Mississippi River c. was involved in the beaver pelt trade with the Dutch and English d. was made up of the Seneca, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk, and Cayuga e. believed in principles of equity and justice
b
Which of the following is not a true statement about King Philip's War? a. It was triggered by the hanging in Plymouth of three Wampanoags for killing a Christian Indian and threats to arrest Metacom b. It was a battle between French and Spanish forces for Florida and parts of the Southwest c. Indian raiders completely destroyed 12 of the 52 towns they attacked. d. Metacom's forces were winning u until Mohawk Iroquois and other local Indians joined the English in the battle. e. Metacom's wife and child, along with hundreds of other Indians, were sold into slavery by the English after the war.
b
Which of the following men was a leader of the Anti-Federalists? a. Ben Franklin b. George Mason c. Thomas Jefferson d. James Oglethorpe e. William Penn
b
Which of the following nations led the way in exploration in the fifteenth century? a. England b. Portugal c. The Netherlands d. Spain e. France
b
Which of the following spurred shipbuilding in New England? a. the abundance of fish and whales off its coast b. the region's extensive forests c. the growing American navy d. the need for transporting cotton e. southern purchases of New England - made ships
b
Which of the following statements about Virginia is correct in the 17th century? a. Unlike Massachusetts, it had no established church. b. It was governed by an appointed royal governor and governor's council and a House of Burgesses elected by landowners. c. By 1640 the great majority of its plantation laborers were African slaves. d. It was dominated by small farms and villages e. The indentured servants chances of upward social mobility improves in the second half of the 1600s
b
Which of the following statements applies to The Ordinance of 1785? a. It followed a natural topography and physical features to draw the boundaries of townships and private landholdings b. It ignored Native Americans claims that previous treaties ceding the land were invalid c. It was the first major piece of legislation passed under the government established by the Constitution d. It was designed to weaken French settlements in Quebec e. It was rejected by the Constitutional Convention but implemented by President Washington as an Executive Order
b
Which of the following was NOT a Quaker belief? a. The Holy Spirit could inspire every soul. b. An individual's Inner Light could best be revealed with the help of clergy and through elaborate religious services, rituals and ceremony c. Individuals should be trusted to speak and share their divine inspiration d. Individuals deserved recognition for their spiritual state rather than their wealth or family status e. Women and men were equal in their ability to understand the Inner Light
b
Which of the following was NOT a power of the national government under the Articles of Confederation? a. full authority over foreign affairs b. the right to levy taxes on trade and commerce c. control of government in the western territories d. authority to coin money, run a postal service, and direct Indian affairs e. authority to settle disputes between states
b
Which of the following was NOT one of the problems in English society in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? a. High unemployment b. a declining population c. falling wages d. class difference e. widening gap between rich and poor
b
Which of the following was NOT true of the expedition against Canada in 1775-1116? a. Smallpox was perhaps their greatest adversary on the campaign b. It resulted in an important American victory and set the tone for the coming campaign c. It was led in part by General Benedict Arnold d. It had as its main goal the expulsion of Indian tribes in the area e. It made Americans see the long-term nature of their struggle
b
Which of the following was an advantage for women in North America regarding an expanding population? a. Colonists married and started families earlier in Europe. b. Women often had a child ever two or three year before menopause c. Disease and epidemics ran rampant d. Miscarriages were uncommon e. Infant mortality rates were uniformly low
b
Which of the following was not one of the terms of the Peace of Paris? a. Loyalists were to be compensated for their property losses b. East and west Florida were transferred from Spain to the United States c. The United States received fishing rights off the Grand Banks of Canada d. Britain recognized American Independence e. The British were to return slaves who had been confiscated by their troops
b
Which of the following would have the most influenced the opinion of the average colonial American on political issues of the day? a. Political pamphlets b. Sermons c. Newspapers d. Weekly magazines e. Books
b
Which of the statements is NOT true of the Dutch administration of New Netherland? a. created as a profit-making enterprise b. encouraged the development of a democratic society c. purchased Manhattan for the modern equivalent of $1,000 d. encouraged settlement by granting patron ships to wealthy individuals e. embraced ethnic and religious diversity
b
Which piece of legislation created the basic unit of settlement in the territory north of the Ohio River? a. Articles of Confederation b. Ordinance of 1785 c. Connecticut Compromise d. Northwest Ordinance e. Federal Constitution of 1787
b
Which statement below best illustrates the different experiences of Chesapeake and New England settlers in the early seventeenth century? a. Because of the harsh North American environment, New Englanders had a shorter life span raised fewer children to adulthood than people living in warmer Chesapeake climate. b. Because of better diets and the slow spread of infection, New Englanders had a longer life span and raised more children to adulthood than people in the Chesapeake. c. Rapid population growth in New England resulted from immigration and slavery; whereas the Chesapeake grew only from childbearing and importing slaves. d. Population growth in New England was relatively slow compared with the population explosion the Chesapeake experienced. e. Compared to the Chesapeake, New England became a very diverse society as it practiced religious toleration and believed in the equality of races.
b
Which statement concerning the delegates to the Constitutional Convention is most accurate? a. They were dominated by the great farmers from the mid-Atlantic and southern states b. They tended to be wealthy lawyers in their thirties and forties c. They were predominantly America's "elder statesmen", the generation that had shaped the nation's destiny since the 1750s d. They were mainly merchants, shippers, and businessmen with a solidly commercial, international outlook e. They represented a cross-section of American society in the 1780s
b
Which statement does not accurately describe George Whitefield? a. He claimed that ministers were in reality unsaved b. He challenged the movement of Protestantism away from its roots in the teachings of Martin Luther c. He had a running feud with the Church of England's representative in the colonies d. He traveled thousands of miles to criticize established Protestantism e. He was considered one of the greatest speaker in favor of a revival of religious piety in the 18th century
b
While wagging the American Revolution and running the government before 1787, how was Congress limited by the Articles of Confederation? a. The articles prohibited Congress from placing tariffs on imports b. The articles did not give Congress the authority to order states to comply with its requests c. The articles gave too much power to the executive d. The articles required Congress to obtain the unanimous approval of the states to declare war e. The articles failed to establish a judiciary
b
Who bore the bloodiest fighting in the course of King William's War? a. The English b. The Iroquois c. The Leislerians d. The French e. The Spanish
b
Who broke with the Catholic Church and persuaded Parliament to create the Church of England? a. Richard I b. Henry VIII+ c. Mary I d. Elizabeth I e. James I
b
Who led the group in Parliament who opposed the domestic and foreign policies of George III? a. James Otis b. John Wilkes c. John Hancock d. Frederick North e. Patrick Henry
b
Why did Virginia send George Washington to the Ohio Valley in 1753 and 1754? a. It wanted Washington to survey the land so that Virginia could settle the areas in an organized fashion b. It wanted Washington to remove the French from the region by persuasion of force c. It wanted Washington to build a series of forts that could intimidate the Indians d. it wanted Washington to capture the Indian leader Joseph Brandt e. It wanted Washington to negotiate a treaty with the Indians allowing the safe passage of white settlers
b
Women in the American colonies: a. generally had lower status in society than did women in Europe b. often remained confined to the domestic sphere c. could vote and hold office d. were not likely to find eligible men to marry e. lived lives of quiet and leisure
b
A series of British wars against the French began during the reign of King: a. Charles II b. James II c. William d. George I e. Richard III
c
A sign of early New England's democratic approach to government, town meetings a. decided who would be allowed to vote b. were phased out after New England broke from Great Britain c. were centered in buildings that served as both church and town hall d. conducted all aspects of administering the town e. could decide whether to let newcomers move to the area or share in land distribution
c
Abigail Adams is best remembered for a. sewing the first American flag b. participating in important boycotts of British good during the Revolution c. challenging gender roles in a letter to her husband d. serving as a spy during the American Revolution e. Being the first published female author in the United States
c
According to Martin Luther, what is the basis of a person's salvation? a. People can buy their salvation by giving money to church. b. People can earn their salvation by doing good work. c. People can only gain their salvation through faith in God. d. People can gain their salvation after seeing Jesus Christ. e. None of these choices
c
According to Pontiac, the Master of Life warned the prophet Neon that the absence of wild animals was a result of a. Commercial overhunting b. The evil environment effects of European settlement c. A bad spirit who whispers to the Delaware and leads them to do evil d. Intermarriage between Indians and Europeans e. Medicine dances that used the wrong steps
c
After the Revolutionary War, American trade with Britain a. was illegal b. was limited to the West Indies c. resumed, but without access to the West Indies d. was minimal e. was unrestricted
c
Americans won a tremendous victory in October 1777 with the surrender at Saratoga of: a. Lord Cornwallis b. Banastre Tarleton c. Johnny Burgoyne d. Benedict Arnold e. Lord Howe
c
Around 1500 B.C.E., which group in Middle America (Mesoamerica) began developing large cities, including gigantic pyramids? a. Aztecs b. Incas c. Mayas d. Pueblos e. Mexica
c
As Jamestown's leader, John Smith: a. made the colony a democracy b. tried to wipe out the Powhatan Confederacy c. made the colonists work in order to eat d. argued that the colony should be abandoned e. discovered deposits of gold and silver
c
As royal governor of the Dominion of New England, Sir Edmund Andros: a. was popular in Boston b. increased the authority of the Massachusetts assembly c. was deposed as a result of the Glorious Revolution d. initiated the prosecution of Salem's witches e. recognized the Puritan monopoly of religion
c
At the Albany Congress: a. Americans seriously discussed independence for the first time b. colonists criticized plans for war against France c. Benjamin Franklin and others drafted a plan for a united colonial government d. delegates rejected the idea of seeking Indian allies against the French e. the English and the French tried to negotiate a peace settlement
c
Benedict Arnold became notorious late in the way by: a. recruiting slaves into the American army b. questioning Washington's fitness for command c. defecting to the British d. selling weapons to Indians e. trying to become a military dictator
c
Benjamin Franklin emphasized the Enlightenment in his: a. denial of God's existence b. rise from poverty to riches c. passion for science and experimentation d. scandalous sex life e. work as a printer and publisher
c
By 1750, the French population in North America: a. had begun to diminish b. was largely in Louisiana c. was vastly outnumbered by the English d. had a similar number of men and women e. was only about half Roman Catholic
c
By the early eighteenth century, the English colonies in North America: a. extended beyond the Appalachians b. had eliminated their French and Spanish rivals c. were the most populous and prosperous on the continent d. were on the verge of independence from England e. remained tiny outposts of civilization
c
By the end of the Colonial period, American cities: a. were limited to the middle colonies b. were characterized by increasing social and economic equality c. held no more than 10 percent of the total population d. were cleaner, safer, and healthier than rural environments e. had majority-non-English populations
c
During the colonial period, prostitution: a. was practically unknown b. was legal in most cities and states c. was especially common in port cities d. resulted in equal punishment for men and women e. was one of the few occupations open to women
c
During the war, Benjamin Franklin's son, William: a. was a prominent American general b. served as a minister to France c. stayed loyal to Britain d. deserted from the Continental army e. earned his father's admiration
c
Eliza Pinckney could be called a modern woman living in the colonial world for the following reasons EXCEPT: a. she managed three plantations b. she was a dedicated wife and mother c. she occupied a supervisory role over her male counterparts d. she managed her family affairs in addition to her other responsibilities e. she cultivated indigo as a very lucrative cash crop
c
Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the a. value of traditional religion b. virtue of divine right monarchy c. ability of reason to discover the laws of the universe d. superiority of art over science e. presence of God in nature
c
Even though most colonists thought Parliament had a lawful right to charge a duty to control trade, why did they ultimately oppose the Townshend duties? a. Because the duty rates were excessively high, making it impossible for them to afford the essential food items b. Because the duties were based on income, and functioned like an income tax c. Because revenue-based taxes could only be considered constitutional if the people had a representative in Parliament who voted on their behalf d. Because the duties were to be collected by an agent of the crown, whose salary was to be paid by the colonists e. None of these choices
c
Events in the late 1760s and early 1770s helped to bring about a new consensus in the colonies. What was the consensus? a. The government could not tax the colonies because they were not represented in Parliament b. The British constitution could be altered by the passage of new laws c. Parliament had no lawmaking authority over the colonies except for the right to regulate imperial commerce d. The American colonies would be free from tyranny only when they were independent of British rule e. Only by working within the British constitution could the colonies safeguard their liberties
c
For the Pequots, the result of the 1637 war that they fought with New England settlers was: a. retention of most of their traditional lands b. a religious crisis c. slaughter and enslavement d. revenge for the previous cruelties of the English e. leadership of all other Indians in the region
c
French colonists in North America a. were very diverse in ethnicity and religion b. established large plantations wherever they settled c. established cooperative relations with the Indians d. lived under dictatorial governments e. were the first to call for a revolution
c
How did Anthony Ashley Cooper accelerate settlement in Carolina? a. He agreed to accept convicts who were crowding British jails b. He hired publicists to advertise in Europe the bounty of Carolina c. He offered a headright of 150 acres to planters for each arriving family d. He offered $500 to each new settler e. He provided five slaves and seed to anyone willing to live there for at least ten years
c
How did Governor Francis Wyatt wade the Second Anglo-Powhatan War? a. He ordered all captured Indians enslaved. b. He made an alliance with Chippewa Indians to overwhelm the Powhatan Indians. c. He used ruthless tactics like destroying food supplies to cause starvation and driving Indians from their homes during winter. d. He attempted to minimize bloodshed by offering generous concession to the Indians if they stopped fighting. e. He laid siege to the Indians' villages and then negotiated.
c
How did William Pitt plan to encourage the Americans to assume the military burden in Seven Years' War in America? a. He promised to open the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to settlement b. He hinted broadly at increased colonial self-government in the post-war world c. He promised that if the colonies raised the necessary men, Parliament would bear the financial burden d. He guaranteed lower tariffs and internal taxes in the post-war era e. All of these choices
c
How were black accounted for in the Constitution? a. Free blacks were granted citizenship and given the right to vote b. Each state would have two black representatives in the Senate c. Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for tax and representation purposes d. The national government would have the power to abolish slave trade at any time e. Three-fifths of the slave states would have to end slavery by 1824
c
Immediately after the end of the Revolution, the most popular public ritual in the United States became: a. Washington's Birthday b. Lexington and Concord c. Independence Day d. Christmas e. Thanksgiving
c
In 1624, a British court dissolved the struggling Virginia Company, and Virginia: a. was merged with New England b. no longer existed c. became a royal colony d. lost all its funding e. was given to the king's brother, the Duke of York
c
In early 1500s what percentage of Europe's population consisted of peasants? a. less than 10 percent b. between 40 and 50 percent c. about 75 percent d. less than one percent e. over 90 percent
c
In its winter camp at Valley Forge, Washington's army decimated by all of the following EXCEPT: a. hunger b. desertion c. enemy attack d. resignations e. brutal cold
c
Most of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution a. gave governors extensive powers b. granted universal manhood suffrage c. contained bills of rights d. abolished slavery e. were rejected by Congress
c
New England's most important commodity was: a. corn b. molasses c. fish d. turkeys e. rum
c
Of all the political innovations of the era of the American Revolution, which can be considered the most radical? a. the theory that power within a government had to be restrained through a series of checks and balances b. the realization that both houses of a bicameral legislature represented all the people, not just narrow classes c. the idea that political institutions should be judged by the standard of whether they served the public goof rather than the interests of the powerful few d. the assertion that government was based on the consent of the governed and that revolution, therefore was sometimes justifiable e. the introduction of government with powers divided among three branches
c
Of the following colonies, which one most embraced religious and ethnic diversity? a. New York b. Massachusetts c. Pennsylvania d. Virginia e. Maryland
c
On average how many children did colonial women have? a. 3 b. 6 c. 8 d. 11 e. 14
c
One of the important factors aiding the survival of the early Jamestown settlers was: a. the large sums of money that were used to bring additional supplies to them regularly b. their willingness to work hard and sacrifice for the good of the whole colony c. the assistance they received from the Indians d. the lack of the diseases and hardships that afflicted other colonies e. the democratic government established by the Virginia Company
c
Puritans sought to have Indians: a. executed when convicted of even minor crimes b. pushed farther to the north and west c. move to "praying towns" d. move into English settlements e. relocate to Rhode Island with Roger Williams
c
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island after he: a. devoted himself to converting the Indians b. decided he was no longer a Christian c. had been banned from Massachusetts for his religious opinions d. led a rebellion against the government of Massachusetts e. discovered it had the best farmland in New England
c
Shay's Rebellion broke out in: a. Boston b. New York City c. Massachusetts d. Rhode Island e. Pennsylvania
c
Shay's Rebellion: a. spread to several northern states b. was supported by George Washington and other elite figures c. was repressed by state militia d. resulted in massive bloodshed and property destruction e. made Americans more fearful of strong central government
c
The English Puritans: a. converted James I to their perspective b. rejected the doctrine of Martin Luther c. opposed catholic elements in the Church of England d. believed in religious freedom e. believed people could be saved be their own actions, not just by God's grace
c
The Mayflower Compact: a. completely separated civil and church governments b. was developed by settlers in Massachusetts Bay c. provided the original government for the Plymouth colony d. called for total religious toleration e. originated in the House of Commons
c
The Revolution did all of the following EXCEPT: a. Forster a spirit of social equality b. lower property requirements for the vote c. limit opportunities to acquire land in the West d. encourage greater participation in politics e. establish American independence
c
The baron von Steuben's contribution to the American cause was to: a. supply the army with weapons b. instruct Washington in military strategy c. drill American soldiers d. train the American cavalry e. use his fortune to pay the troops
c
The best explanation for the Salem witch craze is: a. the playacting and false accusations of teenage girls b. the presence of real witches in Salem Village c. social division and anxieties within the village d. the low rate of literacy among the villagers e. natural hallucinogens in the local water supply
c
The colonies established after the Restoration were all: a. joint-stock ventures b. royal colonies c. proprietary colonies d. Christian commonwealths e. west of the Appalachians
c
The convention, which assembled in May 1787, was supposed to: a. write a new constitution b. address the country's financial crisis c. revise the Articles of Confederation d. nominate someone for president e. discuss better trade relations with Britains
c
The first Jews in the colonies: a. were wealthy b. soon became very numerous c. arrived in New Netherland d. found quick acceptance from Christians e. migrated to Massachusetts
c
The phrase "Critical Period" refers to: a. the time of the Revolutionary War b. the summer the Constitution was written c. America under the Articles of Confederation d. George Washington's presidency e. the years of tension over British taxes
c
The right to vote for members of the colonial assemblies was: a. greatly restricted because of high property qualifications b. open to women in most colonies c. extended to a greater proportion of the population than anywhere else in the world d. based on the same property qualifications as required to vote for Parliament in Britain e. given to all adult males as a result of the Glorious Revolution
c
The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War a. protected the rights of Loyalists b. gave Florida to the United States c. recognized American independence d. gave America a claim to Newfoundland e. imposed was damages on the British
c
Thomas Paine's The American Crisis: a. stated the impossibility of beating the British b. urged Congress to make Washington a temporary dictator c. bolstered American morale d. supplied Washington with battle plans e. blamed Congress for the army's defeats
c
What agreement did the delegates to the Stamp Act Congress reach? a. They agreed that the colonies should declare their independence if Parliament did not repeal the Stamp Act b. They agreed to boycott any products requiring official British stamps c. They agreed that Parliament did not have the right to levy taxes outside of Great Britain d. They agreed to send delegated to London to petition for recognition as the colonies true legislature e. They agreed to accept the Stamp Act if Parliament offered membership to American representatives.
c
What did Deists argue? a. They argued that they only true knowledge was religious truth, and that God was unknowable b. They insisted that where the Bible conflicted with reason, one should follow the words of the Bible rather than the false dictates of reason c. The believed in a God who had created a perfect universe and then allowed it to operate without His intervention, according to natural laws. d. They claimed that the nest argument against the existence of God could be derived through the study of nature's harmony and order e. They believed that the Church of England had to be purged of Roman Catholic influences and merged with the Presbyterian church
c
What did most eighteenth-century American intellectuals think about science? a. They suspected that the mysteries of the universe were too complex for any human to truly understand b. they thought that science amounted to little more than turning lead into gold and experimenting with balloons c. The believed that science explained the laws of nature d. The feared that science could pose the greatest threat to organized religion since the Reformation e. All of these choices
c
What did the 1773 Tea Act do? a. It raised import duties on tea and thereby caused the cost of tea to skyrocket b. It granted the British East India Company a monopoly on all tea sold in the colonies, thereby permitting the company to raise tea price across the board c. It eliminated all remaining import duties on tea entering England and, as a result, significantly lowered the price of tea in the colonies d. It prohibited the consumption of any tea that had not been shipped in British vessels e. It ended all tea monopolies, thereby opening up competition and putting American smugglers out of business
c
What did the Spanish rely upon for defense in their North American settlements? a. They ordered all able bodied men to serve in militia units b. They hired German missionaries c. They built presidios d. They signed treated with local Indian tribes that provided soldiers e. They contracted castle-like fortifications and surrounded them with water-filled moats
c
What happened as a result of the Stone Rebellion? a. South Carolina planters engineered a series of reforms that helped create a more open and equal society b. The king of England took direct control by ending proprietary rule and transforming North and South Carolina into royal colonies c. The South Carolina legislature established a harsh new code to keep slaves under constant surveillance and ensure that masters disciplined their slaves d. The last vestiges of Native American resistance to white expansion in the South were eliminated. e. Native Americans won the right to use English ships of war
c
What happened to tobacco prices around 1660? a. They began a steady rise after having been stagnant for years. b. They surged to record levels. c. They plunged below the breakeven point for what was needed for a family to survive. d. They returned to the levels of the 1630s. e. They began to fluctuate each year
c
What made Thomas Paine's publication of Common Sense so significant? a. It became the basis for the arrest of Lord North b. It convinced Parliament to take a more measured approach to the colonies and led to the repeal of some of the hatred taxes c. It argued that America had no economic need to be connected to Great Britain and would achieve new heights by breaking from the mother country d. It provided a compromise that gave the colonies their independence while retaining important ties to their British homeland and parliament e. None of these choices
c
What power did colonial governors not possess? a. The right to veto acts b. the power to call or dismiss assembly sessions at will c. Control over taxes and the budget d. The authority to schedule elections at any time e. None of these choices
c
What was European reciprocity? a. It was when European monarchs funded explorers in return for any riches found during the explorations. b. It was when Europeans paid for exploration with gold and silver. c. It was when the upper classes acted with dignity and the lower classes showed deference to their superiors. d. It was the agreement between the pope and Protestant monarchs to collaborate on colonizing the New World. e. None of these choices.
c
What was one of the results of King George's War? a. The French were expelled from North America b. Four thousand New Englanders were killed in a futile assault on the French bastion of Louisbourg c. The English captured and then returned the French first that guarded the entrance to the St. Lawrence River d. France was established as the dominant power in North America e. Spain surrendered Florida to England, and France took control of Louisbourg
c
What was the key issue at the Constitutional Convention? a. whether the new national government should be more or less powerful than the Confederation government b. whether or not slavery should be abolished c. how to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states d. how to convince the general population to support a document written by the elite e. when the new government could acquire additional territory
c
When Columbus first encounters the Tainos, how did he react? a. He assumed they were the bloodthirsty killers. b. He said that they reminded him of residents of England. c. He concluded that they were simplistic innocents who could be Christianized. d. He wanted to sell them as slaves and earn gold. e. He assumed that they were stupid savages who were good for nothing.
c
When Massachusetts leader John Winthrop spoke of "a city upon a hill," he was referring to the colony's desire to: a. be financially successful b. become independent of England c. serve as a model Christian community d. establish an ideal government e. convert the Indians to Christianity
c
Where was the first permanent European settlement on future United States soil? a. Jamestown, Virginia b. Quebec, Canada c. St. Augustine, Florida d. Plymouth, Massachusetts e. Santa Fe, New Mexico
c
Which is NOT true of the Olive Branch Petition? a. It attempted to reconcile the colonists and the British b. It was authored by John Dickinson c. It changed the thinking of George III toward the Americans d. It rejected independence e. It was issued by the Continental Congress
c
Which is true of the Boston Tea Party? a. Mohawk Indians destroyed the tea b. Benjamin Franklin supported it c. Americans destroyed forty-six tons of tea d. It forced the British to repeal the tea tax e. Most Bostonians did not support it
c
Which of the following statements about the English army's condition at Yorktown is true? a. Cornwallis's force had been pushed to the brink of exhaustion by a persistent Washington b. The British navy showed itself to be much weaker in the face of Americans than anyone expected c. Cornwallis's combined force numbered only 7,200 men d. Cornwallis could have escaped but for a second duplicity by Benedict Arnold e. Washington had to march his army from Massachusetts to meet Cornwallis at Yorktown
c
Which of the following statements about women's labor is NOT true? a. Unmarried women often worked outside the home. b. Women often did piecemeal work like spinning thread into yarn. c. Women were nit expected to work in highly skilled occupations d. Farm women had a very diverse realm of responsibilities e. Marriage usually isolated women to their own homes and gardens
c
Which of the following statements concerning Philadelphia before the America Revolution is not true? a. It grew so quickly that it taxed its water supply and created public health problems b. It suffered from limited and nonexistent garbage and sewage disposal c. It became the official capital of the colonies for the British empire d. Its ideal location made it a leading Atlantic port e. It was fastest growing American City in the 18th century
c
Which of the following statements does NOT correctly portray an aspect of the "Columbian exchange"? a. Europe carried deadly germs to the Americas b. The Americas sent corn and potatoes to Europe c. The Americas sent horse and sheep to Europe d. Europeans transported silver to the Americas to finance new settlements e. Europe sent coffee and sugar to the Americas
c
Which of the following statements is not a reason why the Constitution was ratified in 1788? a. Supporters of the constitution had much more recognizable leaders b. Alexander Hamilton and James Madison made spirited arguments in favor of the Constitution c. A Bill of Rights was added in 1787 to persuade opponents of the Constitution to accept it d. Supporters of the Constitution were much better organized e. Most newspapers favored ratification of the Constitution
c
Which of the following statements is true of the institution of slavery in the American colonies? a. Slavery was not a factor north of the Chesapeake region during the colonial period. b. Slaves did not achieve a self-sustaining rate of reproduction in the colonies prior to the American Revolution. c. "Family slavery" was having slaves and masters living under the same roof d. Slaves made up nearly 50 percent of the colonial population by the time of the American Revolution. e. Most slaves were working in cotton during the colonial period.
c
Which of the following was NOT part of the Northwest Ordinance? a. Slavery was prohibited in the territory above the Ohio River b. Statehood was allowed when a territory had a population of 60,000 people c. Religious freedom was guaranteed in a "bill of rights" d. New states formed from the Northwest Territory promised that Indian land would never be taken from them without their approval e. Territorial governors were to be chosen by Congress
c
Which statement accurately describes eighteenth-century European immigrants to the British North American colonies? a. They tended to settle in large urban areas in New England, New York, and New Jersey b. They were usually middle- and upper-middle-class professionals or skilled artisans c. They included large numbers of Irish and German and declining proportions of English d. They stayed in the colonies, on average, only four years before returning to live in Europe e. They included large numbers of murderers dumped on American shores by the British government
c
Which statement accurately describes the rile of religion in the Chesapeake region in the seventeenth century? a. It was a driving force in cultural life. b. It thrived because clergymen flocked to the area. c. It confronted a chronic shortage of clergymen d. It was virtually nonexistent e. It was a point of contention that was pulling Chesapeake society apart
c
Which statement is true concerning British tax rates during the 1760s? a. They were considerably lower than the rates in the colonies b. They were the second lowest in Europe c. They were the second highest in Europe d. They were the same as the rates in the colonies e. They were the same as the rates in most European nations
c
Who among the following was an anti-Federalist? a. Alexander Hamilton b. John Jay c. George Mason d. James Madison e. George Washington
c
Who dissented from the Puritans and followed Roger Williams to Rhode Island? a. William Penn b. John Cotton c. Anne Hutchinson d. Thomas Hooker e. John Winthrop
c
Who fought for the rights of black Americans in Massachusetts and the United States in the 1780s? a. William Lloyd Garrison b. Agrippa Hull c. Prince Hall d. Frederick Douglas e. Denmark Vesey
c
Who limited town to a single annual meeting each year, enforced the Navigation Acts, and suppressed the colonial legislature in Massachusetts? a. William of Orange b. Jacob Leisler c. Edmund Andros d. Alexander Garden e. Thomas Hutchinson
c
Who was Friedrich von Steuben? a. He was the commander of the Hessian forces employed by the British during the War for Independence b. He was the representative of Prussia at the Paris peace conference c. He was the man who turned the American army into a formidable fighting force d. He was the leader of the Antifederalist forces in Pennsylvania e. He was the Dutch merchant who was the first casualty in the American War for Independence
c
Why did Great Britain become more powerful in North America than either France or Spain in the first half of the 18th century? a. France and Spain fought a debilitating war that allowed the British to develop their possessions without interference b. Great Britain greatly expanded its navy and built new bases in North America and the Caribbean c. Great Britain's population in North America more than quadrupled. d. France underwent a series of leadership changes that prevented it from giving its colonies much attention e. Spain abandoned most of its North American possessions in favor of building its empire in Africa
c
Why did class tensions in the Chesapeake region lessen after 1690? a. More land became available to small farmers b. The rise in tobacco prices allowed small farmers a better standard of living. c. Poor whites shared a common racial identity as free people with upper-class whites which differentiated them from unfree non-whites d. An influx of Native Americans solved the labor shortage e. Poor whites shared a common interest with upper-class whites in maintaining social control over Native Americans
c
Why was France able to hold onto its vast North American domain against Spanish and English expansion? a. The French maintained a large army. b. They constructed fortified missions c. They maintained stable relation with the Native Americans d. They were technologically superior e. They established stable communities throughout New France
c
Why was Harvard College founded? a. to train physicians b. to train lawyers c. to train ministers d. to train architects e. to train teachers
c
Why was Roger Williams forced into exile by the Puritans? a. He challenged the Puritan belief in predestination b. He argued that Puritans should recognize the devil's presence in the New World c. He believed in the complete separation of church and state d. He claimed that God had spoken to him directly e. He asserted that women should be able to serve as clergy
c
Why was the siege of Santa Fe significant? a. It led to the defeat of the Taos Indians b. It was one battle in the continuing war between the Taos and Apache Indians. c. It led to subsequent Indians attacks and the expulsion of the Spanish from New Mexico for over a decade d. It marked the end of the Spanish empire and the beginning of French predominance e. It brought the Spanish into a head-on collision with French over control of New Mexico's capital, Santa Fe
c
With country had the greatest number of people emigrate in the seventeenth century? a. France b. Spain c. England d. Germany e. Ireland
c
Abigail Adams's appeal to her husband, John, to "remember the Ladies": a. resulted in more rights for women b. proved her subordinate nature c. showed her rejection of women's domestic role d. was basically ignored e. revealed her political ambitions
d
According to the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could be admitted as a new states when a. it adopted a constitution prohibiting slavery b. it could prove that it had eliminated the presence of Indians c. its people voted to accept the Constitution d. its population reached 60,000 e. it was able to provide at least $1 million in annual tax revenues
d
After Shay's Rebellion: a. Massachusetts was governed by martial law b. farmers throughout America were watched by local safety committees c. England prepared for the possibility of resuming the was d. there were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government e. taxes were increased
d
All of the following are true of Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence EXCEPT: a. it took many ideas from George Mason and John Locke b. It was revised by other members of the Congress c. It was meant as a statement of American principles and grievances d. It secured American independence e. It spoke of certain "unalienable rights"
d
All of the following are true of the English Quakers EXCEPT that they: a. opposed salaried ministers b. refused military service c. suffered great persecution d. followed charismatic preachers e. counted William Penn among their number
d
All of the following were true of the early Revolution EXCEPT: a. Americans were farmers, not soldiers b. The Patriots lacked military training and discipline c. The British army was the best trained and equipped in the world d. Patriots were universal united behind the cause of independence e. Americans had the advantage of knowing the local terrain
d
As a result of the Boston Massacre: a. dozens of Americans were killed by the British b. the Sons of Liberty adopted peaceful methods c. Samuel Adams defended the British soldiers d. all but two of the British defendants were acquitted e. Americans now quietly paid their taxes
d
By 1784, what did all state constitutions include? a. Provisions for a strong executive b. Provisions for a strong legislature c. Provisions for a strong judiciary d. A bill of rights e. None of these choices
d
Charles I: a. was willing to negotiate the extent of royal power b. was returned to power after the English Civil War c. protected Puritans during his reign d. disbanded Parliament from 1629 to 1640 e. married numerous times in an effort to secure a male heir
d
Colonial royal governors: a. held their offices for life b. tended to be devoted and effective public servants c. were elected by property-owning males d. had veto power over colonial assemblies e. were required to be devoutly religious
d
European peasant life encompassed all of the following new hardships in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries EXCEPT: a. Dramatic population increases b. Land shortages c. Lower than average temperatures that led to a "little Ice Age" d. Abusive landlords e. Hunger and malnutrition
d
For the English preparing to colonize America, one model of settlement was provided by their country's prior experience in: a. Africa b. Scotland c. Iceland d. Ireland e. the Canary Islands
d
How did planters in the French West Indies defy their government's mercantilist policies? a. The transported their products in British ships rather than French ones b. The raised a variety of crops to achieve self-sufficiency but did not worry about producing cash crop c. They adopted the wage-labor system rather than use slaves d. They refined their own sugar rather than sending it directly to France e. They sold the rice they produced directly to the British North American colonies
d
How did the nature of slavery change in the Chesapeake between 1640 and 1700? a. It no longer included indentured servants b. Slave coexisted with free blacks for the first time. c. People began to argue that slave should not be held for life. d. Colonies passed laws making slavery a lifelong condition, inherited based on whether a person's mother was a slave or not. e. As costs decline dramatically, slaves were affordable to rich and poor planters alike
d
How was eighteenth-century colonial settlement affected by the Native American populations> a. Resistance from various Native American tribes restricted the growth of European settlements b. Native Americans encouraged English settlement as a way of protecting themselves from the French and Spanish c. Native Americans negotiated treaties that contained European settlers to a 100-mile-strip along the Atlantic coast d. Through the depopulation and dislocation of Native Americans, European colonial settlements were able to expand rapidly e. Most Native America tribes were forced to relocate to Northern Canada
d
In April 1175, the British marched to Concord, Massachusetts, in an effort to: a. shut down a rebellious newspaper b. collect taxes c. prevent a town meeting d. seize a stockpile of weapons, ammunition, and powder e. arrest Paul Revere
d
In August 1776, General Washington had 28,000 men under his command. By December he had: a. 15,000 b. 13,000 c. 20,000 d. 3,000 e. 35,000
d
In West African society, marriage was a. an important way for extended families to create alliances b. encouraged as a way to produce children and replenish populations decimated by disease c. to happen at puberty for women: with the possibility of multiple wives for men d. All of these choices e. None of these choices
d
In fifteenth century Africa, slaves a. could be people with debts they weren't able to pay b. might be released from bondage after a period of time c. were traded for imported products that African rulers wanted. d. All of these choices e. None of these choices
d
John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania is significant because a. Benjamin Franklin signed and endorsed it b. it was the first written essay to suggest that the colonies break from England c. it outlined how burdensome taxes were to struggling farmers in the colonies d. its condemnation of the Townshend and other duties introduced the language of taxation without representation into the debate with England e. All of these choices
d
New Lights differed from Old Lights by: a. their readiness to approach their religious conflict as open warfare b. discounting the element of choice in a person's faith c. including elements like choir in church services d. incorporating democracy and emotionalism into faith e. promising to reinforce traditional Puritanism
d
On the western frontier, Indian tribes such as the Mohawks, Shawnees, and Cherokees a. stayed neutral b. supported the Americans c. fled further west to escape the fighting d. attacked frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas e. switched sides constantly
d
One change brought to the American colonies after the Glorious Revolution was that the: a. concept of the Dominion of New England was extended to the southern colonies b. colonies were inspired to lead a revolt against King William c. new monarch showed little interest in the colonies because of his desire to force the French out of North America d. monarchy attempted to tighten its grip on the colonies by making more of them royal colonies e. Crown paid for more people to migrate to the colonies
d
One of the chief objectives of policy under George Grenville was to: a. continue the practice of "salutary and neglect" b. require jury trials of American smugglers c. challenge the authority of the king d. reduce Britain's enormous debt e. give colonial assemblies more power
d
Shay's Rebellion was led by: a. merchants b. factory workers c. bankers d. indebted farmers e. ambitious politicians
d
The American victory at Saratoga resulted in: a. a new invasion of Canada b. serious peace negotiations with the British c. a huge increase in the size of the Continental army d. France's entry on the American side e. Dutch entry on the American side
d
The British shifted their military effort to the South: a. to protect their settlements in Florida b. to fight in a milder climate c. to destroy rebel plantations d. to utilize the strength of local Tories e. to utilize the strength of their navy
d
The Constitution was to be considered ratified as soon as it had been approved by: a. the Constitutional Convention b. the Continental Congress c. all thirteen states d. nine of the states e. a majority popular vote
d
The Declaratory Act of 1766: a. required American to declare loyalty to the Crown b. recognized the principle of "no taxation without representation" c. repealed all prior British taxes d. reasserted the government's right to tax the colonists e. gave Americans some seats in Parliament
d
The Dominion of New England: a. was created by Oliver Cromwell b. was limited to the colonies founded by the Puritans c. led to the bloody overthrow of James II d. marked an attempt to bolster the authority of the Crown e. delayed the American Revolution by seventy-five years
d
The English revivalist who preached to thousands and so impressed Benjamin Franklin was: a. James Davenport b. Jonathan Edwards c. Evander Osteen d. George Whitefield e. William Tennent
d
The Federalist essays were written by: a. Madison and Washington b. John Jay c. Patrick Henry d. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay e. John Adams
d
The Jamestown colony finally attained a measure of prosperity from: a. land sales b. trade with Indians c. gold discoveries d. tobacco e. trade with Spanish Florida
d
The Navigation Act of 1660 specified "enumerated" goods that: a. Americans were not allowed to export b. could only be purchased with gold or silver c. would not be taxed once imported into the mother country d. could only be shipped to England or its colonies e. could be sold at discount prices
d
The battle that resulted in a hard-fought and costly stalemate that ultimately forced Cornwallis to retreat to the coastline was: a. Cowpens b. Kings Mountain c. Saratoga d. Guilford Courthouse e. Brandywine Creek
d
The delegates who met: a. included John Adams and Thomas Jefferson b. tended to be elderly c. wanted a weaker central government d. included many participants in the Revolution e. arrived knowing what they wanted
d
The early settlers of New England different from those of the Chesapeake by being primarily: a. English b. Protestant c. white d. middle class e. male
d
The immediate consequences of Pontiac's rebellion was most Americans believing that: a. they could now live in harmony with the Native Americans b. they should abandon their forts and move east c. Pontiac was too strong to be defeated d. all Indians must be removed e. victory against the French was at best a mixed blessing
d
The largest city in the colonies at the end of the colonial period: a. had a population of about 1 million b. had a population of about 2,000 c. was Boston d. was Philadelphia e. had as many people as London
d
The most complete American victory of the Revolution took place at a. Yorktown b. Bunker Hill c. Saratoga d. Cowpens e. Guilford Courthouse
d
The success of rice as a perfect crop for South Carolina was helped by: a. plentiful labor and land in the colony b. the native population's willingness to work in the fields c. the minimal amount of labor it required d. the creation of irrigation systems that allowed laborers to flood and drain the fields e. the lack of rain the region
d
The witch craze in Salem started when: a. slave named Tituba cursed the village minister b. Indians attacked and looted the village c. several people died of a mysterious illness d. adolescent girls began to exhibit strange afflictions e. the town minister was caught in a sex scandal
d
Under the Articles of Confederation, western land would be: a. divided up among the existing states b. free of slavery c. recognized as belonging to the Indians d. owned by the national government e. extended to the Pacific
d
What did the Navigation Acts do? a. The prohibited colonists from engaging in overseas commerce b. They limited the goods that could be manufactured and traded within the colonies c. They forced American ships to carry English goods at no cost d. They required most colonial trade to go through England and be transported on English ships e. They established the navigation lanes on the St. Lawrence Waterway and Mississippi River
d
What happened to the Acadians after the Seven Years' War? a. They agreed to take a loyalty oath to England and became British subjects b. The British moved them to a new homeland in Canada c. British soldiers intermarried with Acadian women d. The Acadians were forced from their homeland and eventually relocated to Louisiana e. None of these choices
d
What is the term used for the system of shared power and dual lawmaking by state and national governments as established by the constitution? a. Functional separation of powers b. Bicameralism c. Virtual representation d. Federalism e. Localism
d
What was the largest sugar producer in the 16th century? a. Jamaica b. Argentina c. Cuba d. Brazil e. Peru
d
What was the leading empire in West Africa in the 14th and early 15th centuries? a. Ashanti b. Zulu c. Sambura d. Mali e. Yoruba
d
When the British attacked New York in late August 1776: a. Washington ambushed and routed them b. Washington met them with a larger, more experienced force c. Washington learned the superiority of the militia to regular troops d. the American army was fortunate to escape e. the Americans received French reinforcements just in time
d
Where did British and colonial forces fight in April 1775? a. Fort Sumter b. Breed's Hill c. Fort Ticonderoga d. Lexington and Concord e. Providence and Kingsport
d
Where was the first permanent English settlement in the New World? a. Plymouth b. Newport c. St.Augustine d. Jamestown e. Charles Town
d
Which crop changed the British West Indies from a society of independent small landowners utilizing white servant labor to a society of large plantation owners utilizing black slave labor? a. tobacco b. cotton c. peanuts d. sugar e. wheat
d
Which of the following conditions was not true of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution? a. A minority of voters typically elected a majority of assemblymen b. New constitutions could be amended only by the voters c. The new constitutions included a explicit bill of rights d. They abolished property and tax-paying qualifications for voting e. In most states, elections became annual and the governor became an elected official
d
Which of the following correctly suggests the conditions of landownership among farm families? a. Land was usually cheaper than manure b. Those who wished to own land usually had to concentrate on full-time agricultural work c. Because fo low interest rates and small down payments, families were able to pay off their mortgages within five years d. The great majority of landowners had enough land to farm but not enough to provide their children with land when they married e. Because of the rapid grown in population, land was becoming scarce and the price of land made it difficult for average people to own their own homes
d
Which of the following does not accurately relate to the concept of republicanism that began to circulate in the colonies in the decade before the American revolution? a. It balanced Locke's emphasis on individual rights with the innate good in people b. It included a sense of civic duty c. It argued that citizens had an obligation to practice public virtue and avoid moral and political corruption. d. It considered factions that represented different groups would be the key to a truly representative government e. All of these choices
d
Which of the following is NOT true of Georgia? a. It was the last of the English colonies to be established. b. It was to serve as a military buffer against Spanish Florida c. It was a haven for the "poor children...that pester the streets of London." d. It succeeded in keeping out slavery e. James Oglethorpe led the initial settlers
d
Which of the following men was a British prime minister during the reign of George III? a. John Locke b. Thomas Hutchinson c. Lord Dunmore d. Lord Frederick North e. John Wilkes
d
Which of the following occurred last? a. Townshend Duties b. Tea Act c. Battle of Concord d. Declaration of Independence e. First Continental Congress
d
Which of the following reduced the Native American population in New England? a. Diseases introduced by Europeans b. The Pequot War c. King Philip's War d. All of these choices e. None of these choices
d
Which of the following statements correctly describes the fate of Loyalists after the British defeat in the American Revolution? a. The Confederation government deported them to Sierra Leone b. State tribunals quickly tried them and executed thousands c. The wealthy Loyalists fled to Canada while the poor Loyalists remained in the new United States d. Only a small number (perhaps 3 percent) left the United States e. They bought large estates in northern New York and joined the Federalist party
d
Which of the following statements was NOT true of women during the Revolutionary era? a. sometimes disguised themselves as men in order to enlist in the Continental army b. were often considered the property of their husbands without an opportunity to establish a public life for themselves c. had few opportunities to receive an education d. on at least one occasion, commanded an artillery company in Washington's army e. frequently worked behind the scenes to supply soldiers with food and clothing
d
Which of the following was NOT one of the provisions of the treaty ending the American Revolution? a. Florida was given to Spain b. Congress would not prevent British merchants from collecting debts owed them by Americans c. The Mississippi River was recognized as the western boundary of the United States d. Congress would restore all property confiscated from Loyalists during the war e. Americans were allowed to fish off the Canadian coast
d
Which of the following was not a result of the Seven Years' War? a. The British won b. it created a common bond between some British and American soldiers because they fought side by side c. It planted seeds of misunderstanding and suspicion between the British and the Anglo-Americans d. The Acadians established a new homeland in Nova Scotia e. France ceded all its claims east of the Mississippi, except New Orleans, to Britain
d
Which of the following was not one of the Puritan beliefs at the time of colonization? a. Salvation was predetermined b. Christ was not present in the Eucharist c. A learned sermon was the heart of worship d. Membership in the church should be extended to anyone who had been baptized e. It was necessary to live lives of severe self-discipline
d
Which of the following was not one of the goal of the Olive Branch Petition? a. a-cease-fire at Boston b. repeal of the Coercive Acts c. opening negotiations to establish guarantees of American rights d. colonial administration by the British cabinet rather than King George e. maintenance of peace between Britain and the colonies
d
Which of the following was not one of the ways that the Glorious Revolution changed the relationship between the colonies and Greta Britain? a. Great Britain allowed some colonies to choose their own governors while other had their governors selected by the crown b. Great Britain ensured religious freedoms for Protestants c. Great Britain directed colonial governors to call annual assemblies d. The crown restructured the colonial government by combining separate colonies into the Dominion of New England e. The criteria for voting in New England became property ownership rather than church membership
d
Which of the following was one of the ways the American Revolution affected African-Americans? a. States throughout the nation abolished slavery b. The new Constitution of the United States abolished slavery effective 1809 c. Washington and Jefferson freed their slaves to set an example d. Most northern states took steps to weaken the institution of slaver and phase it out, while no state south of Pennsylvania abolished slavery e. African Americans were guaranteed the right to vote
d
Which state made the proposal to create a bicameral national legislature, with representation based proportionally on each state's population? a. New Jersey b. Connecticut c. Pennsylvania d. Virginia e. North Carolina
d
Who was Phillis Wheatley? a. One of the best-known poets of the American Revolution b. A slave woman in Boston c. An advocate for freeing slaves d. All of these choices e. None of these choices
d
Who were the Pochteca? a. They were merchants in the Olmec empire who facilitated the trade of gold and silver. b. They were warriors in the Maya empire who were responsible for the defense of the kingdom. c. They were farmers in the Hohokam empire who specialized in raising corn. d. They were traders in the Aztec empire who traveled from village to village in armed caravans. They were religious leaders in the Inca empire who provided spiritual guidance to the people.
d
Why did the Paleo-Indians flourish in the Americas? a. Because of their ability to defeat rival Indian tribes. b. Because of a high birth rate and lack of effective birth control. c. Because of the onset of a new Ice Age. d. Because of the bountiful and accommodating environment. e. Because of assistance from the League of the Iroquois.
d
Why is Samuel Adams significant to the development of revolutionary thought in America? a. He argued that the colonists must resort to violence to drive the British out of New World b. He wrote Common Sense which claimed King George III was ruling illegally c. He stressed that Parliament had every right to pass legislation applying to the colonies d. He encouraged Massachusetts' towns to form committees of correspondence to defend colonial rights e. He died during the Boston Massacre and became a martyr for supporters of the Whig Ideology
d
Why was the Act for Religious Toleration of 1649 significant? a. It protected Puritans in Massachusetts from religious persecution and was America's first law affirming freedom of worship. b. It allowed native Americans to perform their own religious rites in "praying towns". c. It embodied the fundamental and anti-authoritarian tenets of the Antinomians d. It protected Catholics in Maryland from religious persecution e. It promoted social stability in the British West Indies
d
After 1644, the right to vote in Massachusetts Bay was restricted to those who: a. owned 100 acres of land b. had come in the first voyage from Britain c. were liberate and had good moral character d. had been listed as freemen in the original charter e. were members of a Puritan church
e
All of the following are true of the Pilgrims EXCEPT that they: a. established the Plymouth colony b. based their initial colonial government on the Mayflower Compact c. were Separatists who had abandoned the Church of England d. originally fled to Holland e. were a sect of radical Catholics
e
An important American victory - "the turn of the tide of success" - was at: a. Savannah b. Camden c. Vincennes d. Charleston e. Kings Mountain
e
Because of associations with the British, the Revolution was especially detrimental to the status of the: a. Quakers b. Baptists c. Methodists d. Presbyterians e. Anglicans
e
Benjamin Franklin believed a major reason for colonial population growth was: a. government bounties for large families b. English immunity to contagious diseases c. rapid advances in medial science d.couples marrying later than in Europe e. an abundance of cheap land
e
Both African and Indian religions a. believed deities spoke to mortals through dreams b. believed that another world lay beyond the one that people perceived with their five senses. c. used witchcraft to explain problems and difficulties d. None of these choices e. All of these choices.
e
By 1700, the most democratic and important social institutions were: a. coffee houses b. churches c. theaters d. colleges e. taverns
e
By the early 1700s, English merchants in the Carolinas established a thriving trade with southern Indians for: a. beaver pelts b. fish c. indigo d. corn e. deerskins
e
Christopher Columbus first landed in the New World in: a. Venezuela b. Hispaniola c. Jamaica d. Cuba e. the Bahamas
e
During the period of the Revolution, a slave might gain his freedom: a. claiming amnesty as a political prisoner b. appealing to George Washington c. suing for freedom in local courts d. running away to northern states e. joining the British army
e
During the war, Tories: a. refused to take prisoners b. probably outnumbered Patriots c. generally lived at peace with their Whig neighbors d. controlled large areas for an extended time e. came from all classes of society
e
Early settlers of Puritan New England typically lived: a. in harmony with the local Indian tribes b. in communities loyal to the Church of England c. on large farms d. in a religiously tolerant society e. in communities where church and state were not separate
e
Education in the colonies was: a. most advanced in the South b. primarily intended for young women c. most advanced in frontier regions d. hampered in New England by the Puritans anti-intellectual tradition e. usually seen as the responsibility of family and church
e
Ferderalist essay Number 10 explains how a republic can: a. defend itself b. become a democracy c. create a just society d. pay its debts e. be successful in a large, diverse society
e
How did Louisianans survive difficult times in the 18th century? a. Settlers, slaves and Native Americans hunted, fished and gardened b. Native Americans exchanged corn and deerskins for French blankets, kettles, guns and alcohol c. Black slaves herded battle and became illicit beef traders d. They gathered wild plants e. All of these choices
e
How did colonial New England farmers alter their ecosystem? a. They introduced crop rotation and soil conservation techniques b. They required Native Americans live on reservations that would specialize in only one product. c. They ended the time-honored Indian practice of fencing the land, thereby allowing pigs and deer to roam freely d. They introduced the one-crop plantation system e. They cleared away trees for fields and for use as fuel and building material
e
How did the British government react to the colonial opposition to the Stamp Act a. It revoked the act and slowly began to return its colonial policies to those of salutary neglect b. It reinforced all British garrisons in North America and prepared for a long conflict c. It concluded that the colonies were incapable of cooperating and that the next phase of imperial restructuring should begin d. it imposed harsh martial law on the colonies and revoked all civil liberties e. It revoked the act but reaffirmed parliamentary power to legislate for the colonies in all cases
e
How did the European slavery that arose in the fifteenth century differ from other forms of European slavery? a. the "new slavery" was a high-volume business b. Slaves taken under the 'new slavery" were treated harshly and were destined for exhausting, mindless labor rather than domestic service c. Slaves were regarded ad property rather than merely as persons of low status d. the "new slavery" was based explicitly on the blackness and cultural differences of Africans e. All of these choices
e
How were women important to colonial resistance? a. They led the non-consumption movement b. A group of women established the Daughters of Liberty to protest the Stamp Act c. In response to the Revenue Act, three hundred Boston women denounced the consumption of tea d. They helped to expand domestic cloth production e. All of these choices
e
In 1678, a defiant Massachusetts legislative declared the Navigation Acts: a. an insult to the colonists b. only applicable to the southern colonies c. in violation of international law d. an act of treason by Britain e. had no legal standing in the colony
e
In 1766, in response to American protests, Parliament: a. gave Americans representation in the House of Commons b. removed British troops from the colonies c. blamed George III for its mistaken policies d. issued an official apology e. repealed the Stamp Act
e
In late December 1776, George Washington was able to reverse American fortunes by: a. recapturing New York City from the British b. convincing Congress to give the army all the resource it needed c. getting France and Spain to enter the conflict d. destroying a British force outside of Boston e. winning battles at Trenton and Princeton
e
In regard to religion, the Constitution: a. makes the United States a Christian nation b. reflects the atheism of the Founding Fathers c. prohibits the states from having official churches d. expresses hostility toward religion e. prevents Congress from establishing an official religion
e
Indentured servants were a. likely to work for one to four years for their masters b. workers who could be sold, rented out or beaten c. often kept from marrying and sexually harassed d. typically able to collect the land that was promised to them once their term of service was over e. All of these choices
e
Maryland sought to learn from the mistakes of Jamestown by: a. focusing all of its energies on tobacco b. instituting an official religion c. promoting unlimited pursuit of wealth d. encouraging widespread settlement e. recruiting a more committed group of colonists
e
Maryland was established in 1634 as a refuge for: a. debtors b. Puritans c. ex-convicts d. Anglicans e. English Catholics
e
On the question of women's rights, the proposed Constitution: a. denied the vote to females b. was surprisingly progressive for its time c. defined women as the property of their husbands d. accepted the advice of prominent women e. said nothing
e
One outstanding characteristic of Jamestown in its initial years was: a. the high percentage of slaves in its population b. complete freedom of religion c. the influence of women in its government d. the absence of effective leaders e. the high mortality rate among its settlers
e
One result of the Great Awakening was that it spurred as increase in the number of: a. slave rebellions b. suicides c. marriages d. witch crazes e. colleges
e
Pontiac's Rebellion involved all of the following EXCEPT: a. Indian attacks on the British frontier b. British use of germ warfare against the Indians c. the leadership of an Ottawa chief by that name d. Indian rejection of the terms of the Treaty of Paris e. the return of French soldiers to Canada
e
Puritan commitment to education is best explained by their: a. need for literate workforce b. commitment to Enlightenment principles c. prior exposure to schools in England d. innate love of learning e. need to read the Scriptures
e
Roger Williams believed: a. that Puritanism was the only suitable religion for Massachusetts b. in the propriety of linking church with state c. that Indians should be forcibly Christianized d. that compulsory church attendance was an important tenet of the Christian faith e. that it was wrong to confiscate Indian lands
e
The 640-acre sections created by the Land Ordinance of 1785: a. would be given to settlers for free b. raised enough money to pay the national debt c. would be reserved for veteran of the Revolution d. would be sold by local banks e. were part of six-square-mile townships
e
The Founding Fathers viewed the most democratic branch of the government as the a. presidency b. Senate c. Supreme Court d. cabinet e. House of Representatives
e
The Great Awakening developed in reaction to the: a. attempt of British officials to regulate colonial churches b.increasing education and sophistication of backwoods settlers c. increasing role of emotionalism in religion d. tendency of the Enlightenment e. Deism and skepticism associated with the Enlightenment
e
The Great Compromise: a. was negotiated by Benjamin Franklin b. showed the South's determination to protect slavery c. listed the explicit power of Congress d. created a four-year term for president e. settled the question of congressional representation
e
The Quartering Act required Americans to: a. do military service b. surrender their weapons c. pay higher taxes d. be loyal to England e. house and feed British soldiers
e
The Royal Proclamation of 1763: a. cause Pontiac's rebellion b. gave Florida back to Spain c. imposed new taxes on imports d. lowered taxes on the colonies e. prohibited American settlement west of the Appalachians
e
The Stono Rebellion: a. took place in Virginia b. was the only successful slave revolt of the colonial era c. was incited by a law forcing Christianity on slaves d. came about as a result of Spanish interference e. tightened controls on slaves
e
The Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom marked the general trend away from: a. belief in God b. religious diversity c. public prayer d. revivalism e. state-supported churches
e
The Virginia Statue of Religious Freedom was written by: a. John Adams b. Alexander Hamilton c. Patrick Henry d. Thomas Paine e. Thomas Jefferson
e
The colonial wars had a devastating effect on the people of: a. Virginia b. Quebec c. Pennsylvania d. New York e. Massachusetts
e
The convention's most gifted political philosopher and the man who emerged as its central figure was: a. Alexander Hamilton b. George Washington c. Benjamin Franklin d. Patrick Henry e. James Madison
e
The covenant theory from which the Puritans drew their ideas contained: a. the justification for New England's strict theocracy b. the notion that the king replaced God as the head of the government of the people c. the notion that men were capable of governing themselves well because they had been absolved of all sin when they entered the church d. a fundamental belief in democracy e. certain kernels of democracy in both church and state
e
The largest number of German immigrants to the colonies settled in: a. Rhode Island b. South Carolina c. New York d. Delaware e. Pennsylvania
e
The middle colonies: a. included Rhode Island and Maryland b. lacked a suitable base for commerce c. for many years had a black-majority population d. were dominated by plantation agriculture e. geographically and culturally stood between the New England and southern colonies
e
The peace treaty was signed in: a. Brussels b. London c. Madrid d. Amsterdam e. Paris
e
The religious revival known as the Great Awakening did all of the following EXCEPT: a. affect all thirteen colonies b. split a number of churches c. feature traveling ministers d. emphasize an emotional style of preaching e. further promote Enlightenment thinking
e
The stockholders who invested in the Virginia Company were motivated primarily by: a. religion b. a spirit of adventure c. curiosity about the New World d. personal loyalty to James I e. financial profit
e
The triumph of what Britain called the Great Was saw Americans: a. very nervous about their own future b. compassionate toward the French c. jealous of British military power d. turn their anger on the king e. celebrating as joyously as Londoners
e
What became South Carolina's staple crop in the 1600s? a. cotton b. tobacco c. hemp d. indigo e. rice
e
What characterized in the first generation of New England land settlement? a. It was characterized by communal ownership of property b. It was characterized by a few elite families acquiring rights to most of the property c. It was characterized by farms scattered around the countryside, away from village centers d. It was characterized by large cities connected by private stagecoach lines e. It was characterized by houses tightly clustered near the town center with just enough cropland to feed each family
e
What did Virginia governor Lord Dunmore promise slaves in 1775? a. They would be freed if they helped the colonial cause b. They could return to Africa if they continued to serve Virginia until after the revolution c. Their children would be considered free citizens if they did not fight for the British d. They would be granted refuge if they had escaped from Florida e. If there were able-bodied and helped in restoring royal authority over rebel colonists, they would be granted freedom
e
What happened in the Boston Massacre? a. A large force of British troops ruthlessly fired on unarmed civilians, killing fifty b. An unpopular customs informer killing two young boys when he fired birdshot at several children bombarding his house with rocks c. A fictitious confrontation, invented by Samuel Adams, took place between British troops and Boston citizens d. Unemployed Boston fishermen ambushed a squad of British soldiers, killing them and twenty innocent bystanders e. Tensions between British soldiers and Bostonians erupted when Bostonians hurled objects at British soldiers, who then fired and killed five citizens
e
What qualification allowed a man to vote for governor and members of the General Court in the seventeenth-century Massachusetts? a. Land ownership b. Wealth c. Length of residence in America d. His ancestry e. Church membership
e
What was John Sullivan's part in the Revolutionary War? a. He was the American emissary to Paris who persuaded the French to support the United States b. He served as an American spy in New York and keep Washington abreast of British maneuvers c. He managed America's finances throughout the Revolution d. He taught the soldiers in the Continental Army basic drills and tactics e. He commanded the American forced that ultimately devastated the pro-British Iroquois Indians
e
What was one of the purposes of the settlement at Plymouth Plantation? a. The settlers wanted to form a religious outpost to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. b. The settlers wanted to establish a community in which all members could freely practice their religion of choice. c. The settlers wanted to compete with the Virginia colony for furs. d. The settlers wanted to identify a source of gold to finance future religious wars. e. The settlers would send lumber, furs, and fish to London merchant Thomas Weston for seven years; after that, they would own the land they settled.
e
What was the Great Awakening? a. It was an attempt at opening the eyes of Americans to the need for a more rational American religion b. It was the realization by the colonial elites that regulations imposed upon them by the Board of Trade were restricting their liberties c. It was a movement by American religious leaders to reunite many warring sects into one Protestant church d. It was a scientific movement in which people were encouraged to observe the natural world with the naked eye e. It was. areligious revival movement that emphasized the sinfulness of human beings and the need for immediate repentance
e
What was the principle of virtual representation? a. It was the idea that every person should vote on each issue b. It was the idea that every male should be able to select a representative to represent his interests in Parliament c. It was the idea that everyone had representation since the king was a representative of all the people d. It was the idea that male property holders should hold elected offices e. It was the idea that members of Parliament represented all British subjects because they considered the welfare of all subjects - and not just the interest of some - when deciding issues
e
Which city did the British capture early in the American Revolution and hold for the remainder of the war? a. Atlanta b. Boston c. Williamsburg d. Philadelphia e. New York
e
Which if the following was not a reason why few colonial Americans objected to the British navigation system after 1700? a. The restrictions stimulated the development of an American merchant marine and American maritime industries b. Parliament never restricted products such as grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum, which accounted for 60 percent of colonial exports c. Tobacco growers were given a monopoly of the British market d.The regulations primarily burdened tobacco and rice exporters, whose income was reduced by less than 3% e. Most American colonies were prosperous and self-sufficient and did not need commercial connections with England to pursue their internal economic development
e
Which is NOT true of early colonial slavery? a. Far more slaves went to the West Indies than to North America b. Slavery was present in all the English colonies c. Slaves had higher survival rates in North America than in the West Indies d. No colony had a majority-slave population e. All slaves could expect a lifetime in bondage
e
Which of the following correctly describes the situation of Native Americans in the 1770s and 1780s? a. As a result of the Treaty of Paris, they expected that their traditional rights would be protected and that their territorial claims would be dealt with justly by the United States b. They remained stubbornly rooted in their traditional ways, resisting participation in a larger world dominated by Europeans or white Americans c. Only the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, influenced by Congregationalist missionary Samuel Kirkland, sided with the British during the Revolution. d. They fled their native lands for the more hospitable political and social environment to be found in Spanish territory e. They continued to incorporate the most useful aspects of European culture into their own, combining elements of the old and new
e
Which of the following did NOT participate in the negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Paris? a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Jay c. Benjamin Franklin d. John Adams e. George Washington
e
Which of the following did the French settle first? a. Mobile b. New Orleans c. Detroit d. St. Louis e. Quebec
e
Which of the following facts characterized life in the Chesapeake region in the early seventeenth century? a. Widows enjoyed greater economic power in the Chesapeake than women did in other regions b. There were more men in the Chesapeake then women c. Male and female life expectancy in the 1600s Chesapeake was twenty years lower than in New England d. Chesapeake colonists began to live longer as they developed immunities to disease e. All of these choices
e
Which of the following facts concerning the Northwest Ordinance is not true? a. It forbade slavery in the Northwest Territory b. It permitted the citizens of a territory to elect a legislature and make their own laws c. It permitted the citizens of a territory to write a state constitution and apply to Congress for admission as a new state d. It outlines the steps for the creation and admission of new states e. It removed Native Americans and guaranteed white settlers the right to buy land in the territory
e
Which of the following groups did not provide many of the immigrants to the British North American colonies in the late 17th and 18th centuries? a. Scots-Irish b. English c. Convict Laborers d. Germans e. French
e
Which of the following is NOT a legacy of the Reformation a. The development of various denominations in Europe b. A belief in the importance of reading c. The idea that clergy have no special powers d. A counter-reformation by the Catholic Church e. Cooperation between Protestant denominations and the Catholic Church
e
Which of the following is NOT true of New England home life? a. New Englanders lived in plain and sturdy dwellings b. Most people went to bed at dark regardless of the season c. The "chair man" sat at the head of the table at dinner d. Family life was centered around the main room with a fireplace e. Most New Englanders had well-appointed homes with glass windows
e
Which of the following is NOT true of the Townshend duties? a. The colonists were further antagonized b. A number of colonial imports were taxed c. British manufacturing was hurt because British exports were taxed d. They were designed to raise revenue for the Crown e. The shipbuilding industry was hurt as imports and exports decreased
e
Which of the following is not one of the results of the Coercive Acts? a. They restructured in the Massachusetts government b. They closed Boston harbor c. They permitted certain murderers to be tried in England d. They became known as the "Intolerable Acts" in the colonies e. They established Roman Catholicism as Quebec's official religion
e
Which of the following provided most of the money raised by the Continental Congress for the Revolution? a. loans from foreign countries b. requisitions from the states c. contributions from the patriotic citizens d. direct taxes on the Americans people e. new issues of paper money
e
Which of the following statements about Georgia is not correct? a. It was supposed to flourish by exporting expensive commodities such as wine and silk b. For a time it was the only English colony where slavery was forbidden c. It was created in part from land brought from the Creek Indians d. In its first decade, half of Georgia's immigrants came from Germany, Switzerland, and Scotland, and most had their overseas passage paid by the government e. It was populated by large numbers of shiftless debtors who otherwise would have had to rot in jail
e
Which of the following statements is NOT true of Africans as slaves? a. They spoke many different languages and held complex religious beliefs. b. Many had experienced a less brutal form of slavery in Africa. c. They were often branded by the company who claimed ownership. d. One in six died during the Middle Passage. e. They had a long history with Christianity in Africa.
e
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the government in Pennsylvania under William Penn? a. a strong executive b. an assembly with limited power c. Quaker domination of politics d. A desire to keep the rabble in check e. Discrimination against non-Quakers
e
Which of the following was NOT true of Nathaniel Bacon? a. He embodied many of the frustrations felt by the average Virginian at the time. b. He opposed the economic dominance of the large planters who had the governor's ear. c. He led a revolt of the poor against the well-connected and wealthy. d. He had been called the "Torchbearer of the Revolution." e. He had a close relationship with Governor Berkeley
e
Which of the following was a result of the Treaty of Paris of 1763? a. France lost all its possessions in the New World b. Most of Spain's New World empire was transferred to France c. Louisbourg was returned to the French in exchange for a British outpost in India that the French had taken during the war d. Britain lost Canada and India, while the French transferred St. Pierre to the Dutch e. The British gained Florida and Canada and became supreme in eastern North America
e
Which of the following was not a provision of the Sugar Act? a. It placed a three-pence per gallon duty on foreign molasses b. It required that colonists exporting lumber, iron, whalebone, and other commodities to foreign countries first land their shipments in Britain c. It ordered accused violators of the law to be tried before vice-admiralty courts d. It required captains to fill out a confusing series of documents to certify his trade as legal e. It established that trials alleged violations of trade regulations would be conducted in conformity with traditional English protections
e
Which of the following was not an advantage that the British had over the Americans in the War for Independence? a.Britain had large numbers of soldiers already stationed in North America b. Britain had the resources to hire German mercenaries as soldiers c. Britain had long has one of the best navies in the world d. the British population was more than 4 times greater than that of the colonies e. Britain had a nearly unlimited ability to finance the war, no matter how long it dragged on
e
Which of the following was not one fo the problems facing the newly-independent United States after the Treaty of Paris? a. State governments refused to compensate loyalist for their property losses b. State governments and erected barriers against British creditors attempts to collect prewar debts c. The British refused to honor treaty pledges to abandon forts in the Northwest and to return American-owned slaves under their control d. British trade prohibitions remained in effect e. The booming New England economy tended to cause rampant inflation elsewhere in the country
e
Which of the following was not one of the conditions leading to Daniel Shay's Rebellion? a. an economic recession b. huge tax increases c. farm foreclosures d. balance of payment problems e. a slave uprising in a neighboring state
e
Which of the following was not one of the features or powers of government under the Articles of Confederation? a. a national congress in which each state had only one vote b. the requirement for unanimous approval of the states before Congress could enact any tax measure c. the provision that no congressional power to regulate interstate or foreign commerce d. a single-chamber Congress, elected by state legislatures, in which each state had one vote e. a president elected by the state legislatures
e
Which of the following was true of New England in the seventeenth century? a. Residents were required to be members of the Puritan church b. Residents were intensely loyal to the wishes of the king and Parliament c. Church and state were separated in all New England colonies d. Considerable cultural and racial open-mindedness was practiced e. It was more governed by religious concerns than the middle and southern colonies
e
Which statement accurately describes the county court system in Virginia? a. It was undemocratic because the justices were chose by the governor b. It was modeled after the court system in England c. It was the basic unit of local government and administered local affairs d. It had justices of the peace who acted like judges e. All of these choices
e
Which statement concerning those accused of witchcraft in the Salem trials is true? a. They were almost exclusively the poor and powerless in the community. b. They were young, troubled girls c. They were slaves d. They tended to be woman who had previously been in trouble with the law e. They included both low-status and prominent citizens, mostly middle aged wives and widows
e
Which statement is not true concerning the Albany Plan of Union? a. It was based largely on the ideas of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson b. It came to nothing because no colonial legislature would surrender control over its powers of taxation c. It called for a Grand Council that would devise military and Indian policies and demand funds from the colonies d. It was organized to resolve differences among the colonies and restore the confidence of the Indians e. It called for establishing the capital of the United States at Albany, New York.
e
Why did Puritans decide they needed to leave Great Britain? a. They decided that there were too many distractions in Great Britain b. They learned that the king planned to reestablish Catholicism as the state religion c. The realized that North America believed an excellent area to make converts d. James 1 offered the Puritans incentives to settle in North America e. Charles 1 ended his predecessor's practice of tolerating Puritans
e
Why does General Nathaniel Greene have a reputation for success despite losing three major battles between March and September 1781? a. His presence on Long Island was enough to convince the British to abandon New York b. France's King Louis was impressed with the discipline and style of American troops and decided to aid the rebels in their struggle c. He succeeded in harassing so many British merchant vessels that British merchants pressured their government to end the war d. He had influential friend sin Congress and was able to use them to spread a myth about his military genius e. He sapped British strength and forced General Cornwallis to abandon the backcountry and lead his troops into Virginia
e
One of the important reasons why England took New Netherland from the Dutch was because of: a. its location at the mouth of the Hudson River b. their military strength, which was considered a threat to English interests in North America c. New Netherland's direct financial competition with officially licensed English companies d. its interest in extending Anglicanism to the devoutly Catholic nation e. England's superior position as a continental financial power
q
Daniel Boone led settlers who fought both the British and the Indians in Kentucky
true
Who was the captain of the Santa Maria?
Christopher Columbus
The newest theories of the earliest migrations from Asia to the Americas include: a. The migration began much earlier than previously thought b. The Bering land bridge was the only avenue of migration. c. Changes in Asia's climate drove natives to the Americas d. The natives built advanced sailing vessels for long sea voyages e. Early Asian societies drove the natives out, and ultimately they settles in the Americas
a
What advances did the Maya make? a. All of these choices. b. They used a numerical system that included a zero. c. None of these choices. d. They utilized a system of writing. e. They developed a calendar.
a
Which country did Sir Walter Raleigh argue should establish colonies in the New World? a. England b. France c. Holland d. Spain e. Portugal
a
Which of the following characteristics of Olmec cities and Chavin de Huantar is true? a. They developed hierarchical governing systems where hereditary rulers dominated thousands of residents. b. They developed a society organized around kinship ties and communal support. c. They developed diverse societies that included fishing, industry, and agricultural production. d. They developed primitive democratic governing systems. e. They developed as matriarchal societies with a focus on agriculture production.A
a
Which of the following is NOT one of the theories about how America was originally settled? a. Europeans sailed across the Atlantic in leather boats during the pre-Christian era. b. Siberian hunters crossed from Asia to North America during the last ice age. c. Humans arrived by boat and followed the coast southward from Alaska. d. Humans arrived in multiple migrations. e. Hunters from Asia dispersed themselves over much of North America.
a
Which of the following is a feature of Ancestral Pueblo culture? a. Extensive complexes of attaches apartments and storage rooms and partly underground structures. b. They built temporary villages. c. They became the most powerful Indian people in the Northeast. d. They traveled along poorly defined trails. e. All of these choices.
a
Which of the following is a way Native American engaged in "genetic engineering"? a. They experimented with teosinte and produced maize. b. They selectively bred cattle and produced longhorn steer. c. They crossed barley and rye and began harvesting wheat. d. They killed only the oldest and weakest animals and allowed the strongest to procreate. e. They built specialized fish ponds where they bred the most nutritious fish.
a
Which of the following statements accurately reflects one aspect of the principle of reciprocity? a. Based on give-and-take, it helped maintain equilibrium and interdependence between individuals of unequal power and prestige. b. None of these choices. c. All of these choices. d. To retain control, human beings had to change nature to suit their purposes. e. All people of an area had to vote before decisions could be made or treaties signed.
a
Which of the following was NOT a result of the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella? a. opening of the Atlantic slave trade b. unification of Spain into a single nation c. expulsion of the Moors d. increased interest in spreading Catholicism e. expanded interest in exploration
a
Which of the following was NOT true of Columbus's first voyage? a. made contact with continental America b. sailors nearly mutinied c. made first landfall at San Salvador d. consisted of three ships and ninety sailors e. initially made contact with the Tainos, Arawaks
a
A central element of John Calvin's theology was his belief in: a. salvation through good works b. predestination c. infant baptism d. papal infallibility e. the basic truth of all religions
b
According to archaeologists, when did the first human likely arrive in America? a. 41,000 B.C. b. 13,000 B.C. c. 2,500 B.C d. 6,000 B.C. e. 75,000 B.C.
b
All of the following was true of Bartolome de Las Casas EXCEPT: a. was officially named "Protector of the Indians' b. considered natives to be naturally inferior peoples c. gave away his land and freed his slaves d. urged the Spanish government to do more to help the natives e. rejected the idea of forced conversion of Indians to Catholicism
b
Food crops exported from the Americas: a. were more valuable to Europeans than gold or silver b. allowed a population explosion c. included the meat of cattle and pigs d. made Spain the most powerful nation in Europe e. included commodities previously unknown in Europe, like rice and wheat
b
In most cases, Spanish explorers and soldiers who came to the New World were motivated by all of the following EXCEPT: a. religious zeal b. desire to serve their fellow man c. pursuit of riches d. desire for power e. patriotism
b
Native Americans gained access to spiritual power in all of these wats EXCEPT a. By embarking on a vision quest. b. By making sacrifices to one of their many gods and goddesses. c.Through ceremonies initiating menstruating girls into the spiritual world. d. Through dreams containing guidance and instructions. e. By ritual dances.
b
The Aztecs: a. were the most advanced example of the Adena-Hopwell culture b. had an empire of 371 city-states in thirty-eight provinces c. absorbed the Maya around 1425 d. succumbed to the Toltecs around A.D. 900 e. were a peaceful, nomadic people
b
The encomienda system: a. kept the Portuguese out of Mexico b. allowed privileged Spanish landowners to control Indian villages c. benefited the Native American populations of Spanish America d. allowed Mayan and Incan leaders to become very wealthy through the labor of their people e. was replicated by the English in their later New World colonies
b
Traditionally, scholars have believed that Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia into North America: a. in response to global warming b. in pursuit of large game animals c. beginning about 1,000 years ago d. to escape tribal warfare in Asia e. in search of a disease-free environment
b
What key development had to occur before southwestern populations could grow and expand? a. The League of the Iroquois had to be defeated. b. A more drought-resistant strain of maize had to be introduced. c. The Ice Age had to end. d. The Wooly Mammoth had to be eliminated. e. Elaborate canals had to be built.
b
Which of the following was NOT true of the Portuguese seagoing efforts? a. had well-trained, expert sailors b. early settlements included Newfoundland and the New England coastline c. used three-masted ships called caravels d. initially explored the coastline of West Africa e. eventually initiated trade with China and India
b
Which of the following would NOT characterize the Mississippian Indian culture? a. towns built around plazas and temples b. cliff dwellings and widespread use of irrigation c. cultivation of corn, beans, and squashes d. mound-building societies e. extensive trading activities
b
Columbus succeeded in: a. finding a water route to Asia b. proving the world was round c. inspiring subsequent European explorations d. bringing the benefits of European civilization to the Indians e. finding rich sources of rubies and diamonds
c
European exploration of the Americas was greatly assisted by: a. increased literacy b. the reformation c. new sailing technologies d. decentralized European nation-states e. the decline of European monarchies
c
Ferdinand Magellan: a. first viewed the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Isthmus of Panama b. was a sailor on Columbus's first voyage c. led the expedition that circumnavigated the globe d. discovered Newfoundland e. led the expedition to Tenochtitlan
c
Spanish explorers of North America, such as Narvaez, de Soto, and Coronado: a. found large deposits of gold and silver b. established numerous permanent settlements c. added to the knowledge of the continent's interior d. converted many Indians to Christianity e. journeyed as far north as current-day Canada
c
The Protestant Reformation was launched in Europe by: a. Henry VIII b. John Clavin c. Martin Luther d. Charles V of Spain e. Ferdinand and Isabella
c
The introduction of horses to Plains tribes: a. unilaterally bettered the lives of their women b. lessened their dependance on bison c. replaced dogs as beasts of burden d. minimally altered the ecology of the Great Plains e. made them less nomadic
c
The presidios established by the Spaniards in the Southwest housed: a. missionaries b. settlers c. soldiers d. ranchers e. explorers
c
At the time Europeans arrived in North America, Indians: a. had largely died off from contagious diseases b. all spoke dialects of the same language c. were producing tools and weapons of iron d. fed themselves exclusively through farming e. tended to worship spirits of their natural surroundings
e
Cortes was primarily motivated by: a. his commitment to the supremacy of Spain b. a desire to organize encomiendas c. a drive to spread Christianity among native Americans d. his powerful sense of racial superiority e. Aztec gold
e
In 1565, the first European town was established in the current-day United States at: a. Santa Fe b. St. Augustine c. Jamestown d. Plymouth e. San Antonio
e
John Cabot's crossing of the Atlantic in 1497 resulted in his: a. sighting of the Pacific b. sailing around the tip of South America c. discovery of a shortcut to China d. exploration of Florida e. making landfall in present-day Canada
e
The English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in: a. a severe blow to Spanish power b. a permanent English presence in North America c. a severe blow to English power d. the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh e. the disappearance of the colonists
e
The primary objective of the thousands of priests in New Spain was to: a. bless marriages b. establish towns c. educate Spanish colonists d. serve as government officials e. convert the Indians
e
What was the capital of the largest early state in Mesoamerica? a. Cancun b. Adena c. Chavin de Huantar d. Monte Alban e. Teotihuacan
e
Which of the following foods did Europeans introduce to the New World? a. beans b. corn c. potatoes d. squash e. wheat
e
Which of the following is NOT true about Native American religious beliefs at the point of the initial European contacts? a. They prayed to the spirits of the animals that they were about to kill for food. b. They tried to conciliate the spiritual forces in the world. c. They depended on medicine men and women to understand the unseen. d. They believed that all nature was alive, pulsating with a spiritual power. e. They believed that God had given humanity domination over nature.
e
Which of the following was NOT true of the Algonquians? a. lived in wigwams or longhouses b. villages numbered from 500 to 2,000 people c. often moved their villages with the seasons d. lived along the New England Seaboard and into the Upper Midwest e. built mounds like the Mississippians
e
Which of the following was a feature of Paleo-Indian society? a. They moved constantly, within informally defined boundaries. b. They developed a cultural life that transcended their small bands. c. They dwelled in bands of about fifteen to fifty people. d. Men hunted, while women prepared food and took care of the children. e. All of these choices.
e
Calvinism stressed tolerance and liberal theology rather than a strict moral code.
False
Pueblos were communities built by the Aztecs on cliff sides
False
The brutal and exploitative systems that the Spanish implemented in the New World were largely the work of Bartolome de Las Casas
False
By 5000 B.C.E, Native Americans had transitioned into farming societies.
True
Cahokia was a large, advanced regional center for the Mississippi culture.
True
Ferdinand Magellan's ship was the first to sail around the world.
True
Ferdinand and Isabella forced Muslims and Jews to either become Christians or leave Spain.
True
Many of the New World's early explorers were looking for shorter and safer route around Africa to India.
True
Mexica times were deeply spiritual and incorporated human sacrifice into their religious worship.
True
The Church of England was established by gradually integrating Calvinism with English Catholicism.
True
The New World was named for the Portuguese-sponsored explorer America Vespucci.
True
The introduction of Indian foods, such as corn and potatoes, spurred a dramatic increase in Europe's population.
True
The presence of horses transformed the ecology of the Great Plains
True
Virginia Dare, of Roanoke Island, was the first British child born in the New World
True
A major reason for the defeat of the Spanish Armada was: a. storms in the North Sea b. Elizabeth's brilliance as a naval strategist c. the incompetence of the Spanish captains d. the greater size of the English vessels e. inaccurate Spanish maps and compasses
a
According to Cherokee myth, a. animals were vengeful while plants were friendly b. animals and plants were part of a conspiracy against humans c. humans and animals lived in a peaceable kingdom. d. animals ruled over plants, and humans ruled over animals. e. if humans could get snakes and fish on their side they would no longer need plants.
a
By the time Columbus arrived in the Western Hemisphere, where were the greatest concentrations of Native Americans? a. In Mesoamerica and South America b. In Peru and the Pacific Northwest c. In Canada and New England d. In the Great Basin of North America. e. In the Caribbean Islands.
a
Evidence about early Native American cultures comes mainly from: a. All of these choices. b. observations of European explorers. c. archeology. d.Indian oral traditions. e. inscriptions and graphic images.
a
Horses became so valuable in North America they: a. intensified intertribal competition and warfare b. were very hard to purchase c. became the sole responsibility of men d. were rarely used for hunting due to the dangers involved e. were worshipped as gods
a
The Protestant Reformation in England: a. occurred more for political reasons than because of disagreement about religion doctrine b. was almost undone when Elizabeth tried to reimpose Catholicism c. was led by John Calvin d. occurred prior to the Reformation in Germany e. led to the overthrow of Henry VIII
a
The Spanish Armada: a. attempted to invade England b. was a treasure fleet attacked by the English c. was destroyed by a storm before it left Spain d. cause Spain to give up New World colonization as a result of its defeat e. broke English naval power for a century
a
The first Europeans to sail around Africa and on to India were the: a. Portuguese b. Spainards c. English d. Italians e. Irish
a
What was Poverty Point? a. It was the area in present day New Mexico and Arizona where various Indian tribes attempted to settle but always failed because of the lack of rain. b. It was an area in Central America that the Aztecs exploited for slaves and food. c. It was an Indian community on the lower Mississippi River that was the center of political and economic activity. d. It was a holy place in Maya culture where people could go to show their complete devotion to God. e. None of these choices.
c
Which family pattern was most common across North American Indian tribes? a. Patriarchal family. b. None of these choices. c. Extended family. d. Nuclear family. e. Matriarchal family.
c
Which of the following animals were NOT found in the New World before the Europeans arrived? a. flying squirrels and catfish b. bison and opossums c. sheep and pigs d. turkeys and llamas e. rattlesnakes and iguanas
c
Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Archaic era? a. The development of villages. b. Expanded roles from men and women. c. The creation of vast empires. d. Availability of a wide variety of flora and fauna. e. Larger populations.
c
Which of the following was NOT true of Bartolome de Las Casas? a. he was a Catholic priest b. He provided some of the most extensive writings on the Spanish conquest of native tribes c. He designed the system of native slavery adopted by Spain d. His father had sailed with Columbus e. He accused Spaniards of abusing natives
c
Which of the following would NOT have been a responsibility of women in northeastern Native American tribes like the Iroquois? a. Distributing food b. Cultivating the land c. Fishing d. Selecting chiefs e. Gathering wild vegetation
c
Which of these is NOT a true statement about the Hopewell? a. Their culture spread from the Ohio Valley to the Illinois River Valley. b. Their religious influence extended to places as far away as New York and Florida. c. They traded only with local societies and groups. d. Their centers contained two or three dozen mounds. e. Elites were buried with sacred substances such as pearls, mica, or quartz.
c
Which statement concerning warfare in most Native American societies is LEAST accurate? a. Groups warred for control over scarce resources. b. Wars enabled Native American groups to seek captives. c. Native Americans often battled for control of land. d. Warfare was extensive and constant. e. Warfare was conducted more as a pastime than as a way of conquering and subduing enemies.
c
After the arrival of Europeans, the greatest number of Indians died as a result of: a. depression b. starvation c. battle d. disease e. enslavement
d
All of the following are true of Cortes's invasion of Mexico EXCEPT: a. Cortes explained that the Spanish had a disease that only gold could cure b. smallpox proved to be a very powerful weapon against the natives c. Tenochtitlan held out for three months against a Spanish seige d. regional Indian tribes attempted to help the Mexica against the Spanish e. over 100,000 warriors were killed
d
All of the following are true of the Anasazis EXCEPT that they: a. lacked a rigid class structure b. engaged in warfare only for self-defense c. lived in the Southwest d. were transformed by the arrival of the horses e. were destroyed by a prolonged drought
d
As monarch, Queen Elizabeth: a. returned England to Catholicism b. eliminated archbishops from the Church of England c. advocated for tru religious freedom for her subjects d. illustrated incredible strength and effectiveness e. oversaw a decline in English military and political strength
d
Dutch sailors were essentially: a. slave traders b. explorers c. missionaries d. pirates e. deep-sea fisherman
d
It is possible that one third of the entire Native American population of Central America died as a result of: a. malaria b. bubonic plague c. influenza d. smallpox e. measles
d
The French captain Jacques Cartier most importantly explored the: a. Caribbean b. Mississippi River c. Great Lakes d. St.Lawrence River e. Hudson Bay
d
The Iroquois account of their people's origins in North America focuses on: a. None of these choices. b. Corn Mother, who breathed life into the spirits of two sisters, who would then people of the Earth c. tales of the ancestors battling hairy mammals for control of the Earth d. Sky Woman, a pregnant woman who fell from the sky world to earth. e. their ancestors' difficult journeys through other worlds before reaching their homelands.
d
The Spanish Empire began a precipitous decline because: a. its citizens failed to pay taxes b. it focused on the well-being of natives c. it could never compete militarily with England d. it became overly dependent on extraction of wealth e. the Roman Catholic Church required the nation to adhere to a vow of poverty
d
The city of Tenochtitlan was founded in 1325 by the: a. Mayas b. Chibchas c. Incas d. Aztecs e. Anasazis
d
The original Spanish settlement of New Mexico: a. sought to Christianize Plains tribes like the Apaches b. was enriched by discoveries of gold and silver c. ended when Santa Fe was abandoned in 1620 d. was led by Juan de Onate e. soon had a larger population than Mexico City
d
What type of punishment did most Native Americans favor in child rearing? a. Temporary banishment to another village. b. Branding. c. Psychotropic medication d. Psychological punishment. e. Physical punishment
d
Which is NOT true of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680? a. Indians forced the Spaniards to temporarily retreat. b. Indians attacked numerous churches and priests. c. It occurred in New Mexico. d. It led the Spaniards to immediately colonize Texas and California. e. It was led by an Indian name Pope.
d
Which of the following was NOT one of the ways that Plains Indians used buffalos? a. They used their hides for clothing, bedding, and housing. b. They used their bones for tools. c. They made arrowheads from buffalo horns. d. They used them to haul wagons. e. They butchered them for meat.
d
Why are Hiawatha and Deganawidah significant to Iroquois culture? a. They are men from Iroquois oral history who united five separate times in the Iroquois Confederation. b. They were brothers who united the Iroquois around 1500. c. They were faith healers who, through prayer, saved the Iroquois from the ravages of small pox. d. They were Iroquois holy men who argued that the Iroquois nation could only be great if it eliminated all non- Iroquois. e. As the gods of the sun and the forest, they were the most important of the Iroquois gods.
e
Why did Ancestral Pueblo culture decline and fall? a. An earthquake used widespread devastation. b. Europeans destroyed their settlements. c. Intertribal warfare tore the tribe apart. d. Smallpox ravaged its population. e. A terrible drought severely reduced its agricultural production.
e
Why was Cahokia significant? a. Cahokia was the largest city in the Maya empire and contains the pyramids similar to those found in Egypt. b. Cahokia was the center of Mayan culture. c. Cahokia was a large city located in present-day Mexico that serves as the main trading center for the entire area. d. Cahokia was mythical city where many Indians believed life in North American began. e. Cahokia was the largest metropolis on the Mississippi River that built its economy on river-borne trade.
e
Which of the following generalizations about Native American cultures is true? a. Almost all the societies were the same in terms of political and social structure, religious beliefs, and basic contributions. b. No society had much in common with any other society. c. Because of their relationship to the environment, native Americans had evolved into careful conservationists. d. Only native cultures in the Eastern Woodlands developed the bow and arrow and used ceramic pottery. e. Most Native American cultures were characterized by a kinship reciprocity and communal ownership of resources.
e.