history exam 1

People's Party

formed in 1892, the populist party was created by farmers' alliances. The peoples' party supported the abolition of national banks and the government ownership of railroads

American Federation of Labor (1886)

founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

Lusitania (1915)

was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to enter World War I against the Germans.

Espianage act

-1917 -no spying, no interfering with the draft or any military success

Booker T. Washington

-African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. -wanted african americans to build their own segregated communities -they should learn a vocational skill and then let the white people hire them -adjust to how things are now (jim crow laws)

Muckrakers

-Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public -the most famous was the Jungle about chicago slaughter houses

Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876

-The Battle of the Little Bighorn, also called Custer's Last Stand, was an engagement between the combined forces of the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne tribes against the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. The most famous of all of the Indian Wars, the remarkable victory for the Lakota and Northern Cheyenne occurred over two days on June 25-26, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in eastern Montana Territory. The U.S. cavalry detachment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, lost every soldier in his unit. -this was flipped and used against the native americans

Social Darwinism

-The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. -poor people were poor because they were lazy so they deserved to stay poor

Wounded Knee massacre, 1890

-The last major encounter between Native Americans and the U.S. Army. *Historical Significance:* Remembered today as one of the great injustices perpetrated against Native Americans by the U.S. government. -south Dakota near wounded knee creek -attacked ghost dancers, mostly women and children

Plan de San Diego (1915)

-an uprising west of Corpus against whites. consisted of native americans, african americans, mexicans -called bandits, carried out raids, caused Texas Rangers to carry out ethnic cleansing -rio grande land was taken and given to agriculture corporations

Knights of Labor (1869)

-largest labor union in the 1800s that was open to all workers (skilled and unskilled) and ethnicities (except for chinese). The union reached its peak in 1886 before beginning a decline in membership after haymarket bombing. -promoted stores, ran daycare centers, wanted 8 hour workdays, nationalization of railroads and telegraphs, and called for end of child labor - wanted the government to be in charge of the big things and leave little things to the people

Great Migration

-movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920 -leaving farms and rural areas to work in factories in the north

Dawes Act of 1887

-tried to civilize Indians and make them more little settlers by giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture -sought to "americanize" native americans and would give them land if they did

Pullman Strike (1894)

A staged walkout strike by railroad workers upset by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported by the American Federation of Labor. Eventually President Grover Cleveland intervened because it was interfering with mail delivery and federal troops forced an end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the government's continuing willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages.

Margaret Sanger

American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

Eugene V. Debs

Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

Versailles Treaty

The compromise after WW1, settled land and freedom disputes. Germany had to take full blame for the war in order for the treaty to pass and had to pay countries for damages. The US Senate rejected the treaty, which will later lead to the uprising of nazis

Platt Amendment (1901)

an amendment added to Cuba's constitution by the Cuba government, after pressure from the United States; it provided that Cuba would make no treaties that compromised its independence or granted concessions to other countries without U.S. approval.

The "Gospel of Wealth" 1889

book written by Andrew Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy, meaning to use their wealth for the benefit of society by sponsoring the arts, science, libraries, etc. Nicer alternative to harsh philosophy of Social Darwinism, but it was still very elitist and gave power over society to rich.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

law that suspended Chinese immigration into America. The ban was supposed to last 10 years, but it was expanded several times and was essentially in effect until WWII. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. Extreme example of nativism of period