History Exam 1
Theodore Roosevelt's famous charge in the battle of San Juan Hill, in the Spanish-American War,
All these answers are correct.
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
"Dollar Diplomacy" is associated primarily with the administration of
William Howard Taft.
The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by
William Jennings Bryan.
Plessy v. Ferguson
a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal
The political battles between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds constituted a fight
between Republican traditionalists and reformers.
In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as
controlling their future without Northern interference.
In 1920, passage of the Nineteenth Amendment
gave women the right to vote.
In 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt's call to expand the Supreme Court came from
his desire to change the ideological balance of the Court.
Jim Crow laws
imposed a system of state-supported segregation.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
included a $1.5 billion public works budget, and was created to provide federal loans to troubled banks and businesses.
In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as
independence from white control.
The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln
involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.
The term "muckrakers" referred to
journalists.
In 1900, regarding work conditions in American factories,
laborers could expect to work at least ten hours a day, six days a week.
During the mid-nineteenth century, Hispanics living in California
lost ownership of large areas of lands.
The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act of 1918
made illegal any public expression opposing the war.
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel, The Jungle, encouraged the federal government to regulate the
meatpacking industry.
Advocates of the "New South"
promoted southern industry and railroad development.
Beginning in 1933, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
protected the assets of bank depositors up to $2,500.
In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT
reduce the costs of city services.
Throughout the 1920s, the performance of the U.S. economy
saw nearly uninterrupted prosperity coupled with severe inequalities.
In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States
saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.
Eugenics
science dealing with improving hereditary qualities
The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
sought to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to plant.
The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary"
stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.
The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established
the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
The immediate spark for hostilities in Europe in 1914 was
the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Populism
the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
According to the ideas expressed by Andrew Carnegie in his The Gospel of Wealth,
the rich had great responsibilities to society.
The great railroad strike of 1877
was launched in response to a wage cut.
The theory of Social Darwinism
was used to justify the social consequences of industrial capitalism.
After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"
was very often restricted and conservative.
The "Open Door notes"
were directed to imperial powers in Europe and Asia.
In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers
All these answers are correct.
While progressivism has many meanings, it tended in this period to be based on the central assumption that
American society was capable of improvement.
In the 1850s, the U.S. policy of "concentration" for Indians
assigned all tribes to their own defined reservations.
In order to secure control of the Panama Canal zone, the United States
assisted a revolution in Panama.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
After World War I, the new Ku Klux Klan
became primarily concerned about Catholics, Jews, and foreigners.
In the 1931 Scottsboro court case,
black teenagers were accused of rape by two white women.
President Theodore Roosevelt defined "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations on the basis of
both race and economic development.
In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters
called for a public works program for the unemployed.
In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington
called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.
In 1914, when war erupted in Europe, President Woodrow Wilson
called on the American public to be completely impartial.
In 1933, two days after he took office, President Franklin Roosevelt
closed all banks for a short period.
As Herbert Hoover began his presidency, he
considered the country's economic future bright.
The policy idea behind "Dollar Diplomacy" was to
extend investments and influence of the United States in less-developed regions.
In the 1890s, Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League sought to
force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions for women workers.
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935
gave government the authority to force employers to recognize and bargain with legitimate unions.
In the 1920s, the "flapper" lifestyle
had a particular impact on urban lower-middle-class and working-class single women.
During Theodore Roosevelt's first three years as president,
he desired to win for government the power to investigate corporations and publicize the results.
In 1934, Dr. Francis Townsend attracted widespread national support for a plan that
helped pave the way for the Social Security system.
The so-called "Zimmermann telegram"
included a proposal for the return of the American Southwest to Mexico.
In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by
moderately well-to-do people.
In the 1840s and 1850s, in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese
moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility.
Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
In the 1890s, Jacob Riis
reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the growth of newspapers
saw circulation increase much more rapidly than the general population.
Throughout the 1920s, the federal government
saw leaders of business take prominent positions in the federal government.
Taylorism
scientific management, encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line, led to a revolution in American education of social science.
The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of
social work.
All of the following statements regarding the 1932 "Bonus Army" are true EXCEPT that
the "Army" demanded Congress create relief programs for World War I veterans.
In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking
the crime of lynching.
One key to Henry Ford's success in the mass production of automobiles was
the moving assembly line.
In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to
the rapid growth of urban America and the potential voting power of large immigrant communities.
President Herbert Hoover responded to the onset of the Great Depression by
urging a program of voluntary cooperation from business leaders.
The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of
vertical integration.
The "Dust Bowl" in the 1930s
was a product of changing environmental conditions.
The Tennessee Valley Authority of 1933
was an experiment in regional planning by the federal government.
During the 1920s, birth control in the U.S.
was illegal, in some form, in many states.
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
was indifferently enforced and weakened by the courts.
In 1935, Senator Huey Long
had proposed a national wealth-sharing plan that involved heavily taxing the wealthiest Americans.
One long-term consequence of the New Deal was that
the national government assumed responsibility for the basic welfare of the people.
As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,
Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.
In the late nineteenth century, the popular image of the American West
All these answers are correct.
Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of
All these answers are correct.
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
All these answers are correct.
Prohibition
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
The Hoover administration addressed the economic situation of American farmers with the
Agricultural Marketing Act.
During the Progressive Era, the "new woman" was a product of
All these answers are correct.
During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by
All these answers are correct.
In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he
All these answers are correct.
In the early twentieth century, the United States' actions toward Mexico included
All these answers are correct.
In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers
All these answers are correct.
Little Big Horn
Battle between Custer's Seventh Cavalry and the Sioux, Custer's Seventh was decimated
The Spanish-American War began primarily because of events in
Cuba.
Hoovervilles
Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress
Who among the following began to develop an oil empire by taking control of competing oil companies in Ohio?
John D. Rockefeller
At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial,
Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.
Yellow Journalism
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
Civilian Conservation Corps
New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects
Consumerism
a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers
During the 1920s, the agricultural economy of the United States saw
a sharp decline in farmers' incomes.
Crop-lien system
a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. Local merchants provided food and supplies all year long on credit; when the cotton crop was harvested farmers turned it over to the merchant to pay back their loan.
As an environmental conservationist, President Theodore Roosevelt
added extensive areas of land to the national forest system.
Welfare Capitalism
an economic and political system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs
The Federal Trade Commission Act
created an agency to determine whether business practices were acceptable to the government.
The Scopes trial of 1925 was a legal battle concerning the conflict between
creationism and evolution.
To John D. Rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was
cutthroat competition.
In the 1860s, Black Codes were
designed to give whites control over freedmen.
At the turn of the twentieth century, the leaders of the settlement house movement
directed their attention to improving urban living conditions.
During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern
education.
Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge were similar in
their passive approach to the presidency.
The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad in part because
they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.
In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were often between
white American ranchers and farmers.
