History Exam
the idea that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions
define sensationalism:
treason
in 1792, Louis and Mareie Antoinette were imprisoned and accused of what
slaves
in August 1791, who revolted on the island of Saint-Domingue?
written a new constitution
in the Tennis Court Oath, the delegates of the third estate pledged to not disband until they had been recognized as a National assembly and had what?
encomienda system
the Spanish Crown gave conquers ability to hire Indians — undercover type of slavery
Free people of color
the white elites of Saint-Domingue were angered when the National assembly in France granted political rights to who in 1791?
the earth was motionless
According the the Aristotelian view of the universe,
strong leadership
Among the many weaknesses of the First Crusaders' army was their lack of?
Vienna
As a young man, Adolf Hitler formed many of his anti-Semitic beliefs while living where?
they were given the right to vote
At the end of the war, how were women in Britain, Germany, and Austria rewarded for their war efforts?
a steady drop in unemployment
By 1938, Hitler's domestic policies had resulted in which of the following?
women
By 1950, 75 percent of all Soviet doctors were what?
achieved absolute power in the Soviet Union
By the end of 1927, Stalin had
England vs France
Describe the main countries involved in One Hundred Years' War
gave power to 12 men; ended the Terror in 1794 with relaxed emergency economic controls
Describe the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety?
Catholic Church initially less hostile but by 1616 placed works of Copernicus and supporters and list of banned books; Pope Urban VIII
Explain actions taken by the Catholic Church in 1616; know the Pope
he was a freed slave; after 1793 Spanish began to bring slave leaders and he was named a Spanish officer (by 1794 Britain and Spain had invaded) emerged as key leader and freed slaves; 1796 named as governor of western provinces of Saint-Domingue
Explain how Touissant L'Ouverture became leader of western Saint-Domingue
helped legitimate and justify the tremendous growth of slavery that occurred during the 18th century by depicting Africans as belonging to a biologically inferior race that was naturally fit for enslavement
Explain reasons for spread of racism and reasons for its spread
trade in wool
Explain the causes of the One Hundred Years' War?
claimed he would promote Christianity and civilization
Explain what Leopold claimed he was going to do in this territory
they were jailed
Explain what happened to Indian independence leaders during WWII
Hussein invaded Kuwait 1990 in response George Bush created international force to free Kuwait destroyed most of Iraqi armed forces
Explain what led to the Persian Gulf War
first to make regular observations with telescope; planets considered of matter not spiritual world or orbs of light just like material of Earth; laws of motion
Explain who Galileo was and his contributions to the Scientific Revolution
Desire to please god, win glory, and profit from trade / competition with other European Monarchs
Explain why European monarchs were motivated to explore in the 15th century
personal allegiance
Feudalism was based on the exchange of what?
the passage of the Enabling Act
Hitler acquired absolute dictatorial power as a result of what event?
He tested anatomy by dissecting human bodies
How did Andreas Vesalius use the experimental approach in medicine?
Egypt
How far west did Zheng He explore in the fifteenth century?
Iceland
How far west did the Vikings make a permanent settlement?
deemed Copernican theory heretical; Galileo 1633 tried for heresy and tortured until he recanted findings
Identify actions taken against Galileo in 1633
Joseph II was known as the "revolutionary emperor" b/c he made philosophy the lawmaker, abolished serfdom, eliminated death penalty, equality before law, religious toleration supported the idea that peasants could pay their landlords in cash
Identify the "revolutionary emperor" and why this nickname was earned
Balkans
Identify the region where war seemed inevitable in the early twentieth century
Hindu militant (disagreed with relations with Muslims)
Identify who assassinated Gandhi
Russia
In 1914, Germany expected Austria's war with Serbia would almost certainly bring which country into the conflict?
Soviet Union
In August 1939, Germany and what other country signed a ten-year nonaggression pact?
an attack on Soviet Union
In June 1941, Hitler ordered what military action?
expansion
In Mein Kampf, Hitler presents his basic anti-Semitic ideas and his conviction that Germany needed more land for what purpose?
sugar
In the 16th century, there was a huge increase in the use of enslaved Africans in Brazil in order to produce what crop?
Interest payments on the nation's ever-increasing debt
In the 1780's, over 50 percent of France's annual budget was expended on which of the following?
Britain and France
In the Americas, the Seven Years's War was a border dispute between the colonies of what two countries?
Mathematics
Isaac Newton's theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explain through which of the following?
social and land reforms
Italian workers felt cheated by World War I because they had been promised what in exchange for fighting?
China
Japan's imperialist ambitions were realized when it entered World War I to gain territory where?
work through Parliament
John Locke believed that a government should
Triple Alliance (1882): Germany (Prussia), Austria Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente (1907): Great Britain, France, and Russia
Know and they years and major nations of the Triple Alliance AND Triple Entente
Britain
Know the country responsible for negotiating the partition settlement between India and Pakistan
1. reason and rationalism: methods of natural science should be used to examine and understand all aspects of life 2. scientific method: was capable of discovering laws of human society and nature; could be used to examine all aspects of life 3. progress: goal of creating better societies and people by embracing rationalism and discarding outdated traditions
Know the three major concepts of the Enlightenment and be able to explain each of these
That the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life
Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following?
Kristallnacht
Many historians believe that the beginning of the Final Solution occurred with what event?
90%
Peasants probably made up what percentage of medieval society?
The general will and popular sovereignty
Rousseau's Social Contract was based on what two fundamental concepts?
Taino
Scholars have identified the natives first encountered by Columbus as peoples from what indigenous group?
Audiencia
Spanish viceroys presided over what judicial advisory council?
collectivization
Stalin's forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large, state-controlled enterprises
Mongol Armies
The Black Death was initially spread out of Asia by merchants and what else?
stated that anyone with three or more Jewish grandparents was Jewish
The Nuremberg Laws
smallpox
The Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan was aided by what disease?
Austria
The Triple Alliance of 1882 began when Germany made an alliance with what country?
the idea of nationalism
The colonial troops who served in World War I took which of the following home with them?
Ethiopia
The colonization of Africa was so thorough that by 1914 the only independent nations left were Liberia and what other nation?
with the total war efforts of World War I
The concept of "totalitarianism" originated
the United States
The triangular trade of the 18th century linked Europe to Africa and to what country?
oil revenues
Understand where Iran accumulated its wealth in the 20th century
rural peasants
Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy was a political compromise with what group?
Belgium
What European country first colonized the Congo?
Furs
What commodity from the Americas did the French find most profitable?
Germany's decision to dramatically expand its naval forces
What contributed to the escalation of tension between Britain and Germany after 1900?
He took Moctezuma hostage
What did Cortes do upon reaching the city of Tenochtitlan?
Called an army toward the capital to bring the delegates under control
What did louis XVI do in response to the demands of the National Assembly?
they burned them
What did many Russian peasants do to their crops in order to protest collectivization?
Forgiveness of sins without penance
What did the church promise to convince them to fighting in the Crusades?
That motion, nor rest, is the natural state of an object
What does Galileo's law of inertia state?
He was seized and ultimately executed
What happened when the Inca leader Atahualpa first met the Spanish?
That all Englishmen, even the king and government, must obey the law
What is the primary principle of the Magna Carta?
Dysentery
What killed most of the African slaves who died on the voyage to the Americas?
King John's missteps and the revolt of the barons against him
What led to the creation of the Magna Carta, known as the cornerstone of modern English law?
Sicily
What part of western Europe did the Muslims conquer in the 19th century?
He was tolerant of individual beliefs
What was Frederick the Great's attitude toward religion?
Relations between Jews and Christians worsened considerably
What was an important consequence of the Crusades?
Catherine gave the nobles more power over their serfs
What was an important result of the Pugachev Rebellion?
that they were Marxist scholars
What was one of Hitler's beliefs about Jews?
Pepper
What was one of the most important trade goods that came out of India?
an insurrection of Russian serfs against Catherine the Great
What was the Pugachev Rebellion of 1733?
the Ottoman Empire suffered major territorial losses
What was the following result of the first and second Balkan Wars?
white potatoes
What was the most important food item introduced from the New World to Europe
meat
What was the most significant food item introduced from Europe to the New World
Rice
What was the staple food of the Southeast Asian diet?
China
When Columbus landed on Cuba on October 28, 1492, where did he think he had landed?
Joseph II
Which enlighted ruler abolished serfdom?
France
Which nation won the Hundred Years' War, thanks in part to the efforts of Joan of Arc?
a poor harvest
Which of the following contributed to the economic crisis in 1789?
France gave up most of its holding in India, opening the way British dominance on the subcontinent.
Which of the following was included in the 1763 Treaty of Paris?
Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina in 1908
Which of the following was one the Serbian grievances against the Austrian Empire?
It did not affect American aircraft carriers
Which of the following was true of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
The Spirit of the Laws
Which of these was Montesquieu's most famous work?
The discovery of the moons of Jupiter
Which of these was one of Galileo Galilei's greatest achievements?
Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon
Which two men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?
the third estate
Who did Abbé Sieyès argue should have more authority in the estates general?
Jews
Who did medieval people blame for causing the Black Death?
Francisco Pizarro
Who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire?
They took the primary role in planting and harvesting rice
Why did women in Southeast Asia tend to have more economic power than women in India, China, and Europe
he had the support of the Communist Party
Why was it Stalin who assumed the leadership of the Soviet Union following the death of Lenin?
Kulaks
Stalin ordered what group to be obliterated as a class?
Audiencia
12-15 judges serve as advisory council
viceroys
4 administrator units of Spanish control in America: New Spain, Peru, New Granda, and La Planta
potatoes
A major contribution to the increase in population after 1750 was the addition of what to people's diets
feudalism
A medieval European political system that defines the military obligations and relations between a lord and his vassals and involves the granting of fiefs
Hernan Cortes
Who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire?
Pope Alexander VI
Who settled the dispute over Spain and Portugal's competing claims to the America?
Galileo
Who was tried for heresy in 1633 for defending Copernicus and the heliocentric theory?
Germanic peoples from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
Who were the Vikings?
the pope and the catholic church
Whose support did Mussolini gain with the Lateran Agreement?
there were old tensions between it and Serbia
Why did Bulgaria join the Central Power?
Tensions between freed slaves and free people of color created the conflict.
Why did Civil War break out in Saint-Domingue in 1799?
it weakened France, which they saw as a competing power
Why did European kings initially welcome the French Revolution?
to gain territory from the Austrians
Why did Italy enter the war on the Allied side?
to gain support for fiscal reforms
Why did Louis XVI finance minister want the king to call an assembly of notables in 1787?
proposed a divided Palestine into 2 states -- Arab and Jewish
Explain the 1947 UN proposal in regards to Palestine
raised taxes
what did both Britain and France do as a result of the Seven Year's War?
that it should be constrained by the will of the people
what did eighteenth-century reforms believe about the rule of monarchs?
Inflation grew, making it more difficult for urban people to afford food and rent
what was one of the results of the increase in population and urbanization during the eighteenth century?
a royal prison
what was the Bastille?
The French Legislative assembly
what was the Estates General?
Peasant uprisings on the countryside
what was the Great fear?
Maximilien Robespierre
who dominated the committee of Public Safety during the reign of terror?
Wealthy, educated commoners
who were the bourgeoisie?
