History Final- Chapter 16

Which of the following was true of Andrew Johnson?

Although from Tennessee, he remained in the Senate after his state seceded from the Union

Which of the following is viewed by modern scholars as President Johnson's most serious and indictable offense

His systematic efforts to block enforcement of the Reconstruction Act of 1867

Which of the following was true of sharecropping when it originated?

It gave African Americans freedom from daily supervision by white landowners or overseers

Which of the following is true of Johnson's impeachment trial?

Johnson's acquittal by the Senate established the idea that Congress could not use impeachment as a political weapon against the President

Which of the following is true concerning African Americans who won public office during Reconstruction?

Many came from the prewar educated African American elite

Which of the following statements is true concerning the experience of freedmen on the Sea Islands near the end of the Civil War?

Northern reformers and government tax officials gave little or no help to former slaves who wanted to obtain land

Which of the following correctly states the belief of Thaddeus Stevens and other congressional Republicans who criticized Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction?

The Confederate states, by seceding and making war against the United States, lost their status as states and should now be treated as conquered territories

President Johnson's refusal to allow any change in his Reconstruction policies caused which of the following?

The influence of the Radical Republican faction grew among conservative and moderate republicans

"Members [of Congress] joined in the shouting and kept it up for some minutes. Some embraced one another, others wept like children. I have felt ever since the vote, as if I were in a new country." This statement was made in response to

approval of the proposed Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution

After the Civil War, most African American farmers eventually worked

as sharecroppers

Andrew Johnson's initial plan for Reconstruction

attempted, at least temporarily, to deny power to wealthy southern planters

The section of the fourteenth amendment that had the greatest legal significance in subsequent years was the section that

conferred citizenship on freedmen and prohibited states from abridging of their constitutional rights

Many freedmen saw emancipation as the opportunity to

create their own institutions free of white control

In response to the Panic of 1873, many debtors and unemployed workers advocated

easy money policies, which they hoped would spur economic expansion

The refusal of most of the former Confederate states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866

forced congressional Republicans to abolish the "Johnson governments" in the South, form new governments, and extend the vote to freedmen

Passed by Congress over President Johnson's veto, the Civil Rights Act of 1866

forced state courts in the South to practice equality by placing them under the watchful eye of the federal judiciary

Soon after proposing his initial plan for Reconstruction, Andrew Johnson surprisingly helped subvert his own plan by

granting pardons to many wealthy southerners

The First Reconstruction Act

guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in elections for state constitutional conventions

African American leaders in the South during Reconstruction

led efforts to establish public schools in the region

The term scalawag was used to describe

native white southerners who cooperated with the Republicans

In the Slaughter-House cases, the Supreme Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment

only prohibited the states from abridging those rights associated with US citizenship

In decisions after the Civil War, the Supreme Court

participated in the northern retreat from the Reconstruction commitment to equality for the freedmen

In an attempt to limit President Johnson's powers and safeguard its own Reconstruction plan, Congress

passed legislation requiring the president to issue military orders through the General of the Army

When Congress, in 1866, decided to base its Reconstruction plan on the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment by the former Confederate states, the amendment was

rejected by all southern legislatures except Tennessee's

The outcome of the congressional elections of 1866

represented an endorsement of the Reconstruction plan of the Republican congressional leaders

In Congressional debates concerning Reconstruction of the former Confederate states, Thaddeus Stevens argued that

southern property should be confiscated and used to give freedmen homesteads and a chance at economic independence

In Bradwell v. Illinois the Supreme Court held that

state laws barring women from certain occupations did not violate the privileges and immunities clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

The Fifteenth Amendment

stipulated that states could not deny the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

With respect to the question of black suffrage in the South, Andrew Johnson believed that

the federal government could never force the southern states to extend voting rights to African Americans

The 1868 indictment handed down by the House Judiciary Committee against President Johnson concentrated on his

violation of the Tenure of Office Act