History-Mcviett

Across Europe people were repeatedly revolting against their governments in the 19th century. one year in particular saw dozens of attempted nationalist revolutions, earning it the nickname "Spring of Nations" which year was that?

1848

the "Scramble for blank" after 1870 was driven by intense national rivalries in Europe and resulted in the colonization of almost an entire continent

Africa

the blank was the system of political, economic, and social privileges under which the French aristocracy and clergy thrived before the French Revolution

Ancien Regime

the Empire of blank was multiethnic state in Central Europe in the nineteenth century. tensions between its many national groups, which included Czech, Slovaks, Serbs, Croatians, and Italians, would be a major cause of World War I.

Austria- Hungary

for most of the 14th century, popes ruled over Christian Europe from this French citym

Avignon

some historians prefer what term, rather than "Renaissance," to describe Europe and its overseas empires in from roughly the 15th to the 18th centuries?

Early modern

Prussia defeated this country in a quick and decisive 1870 military campaign, resulting in the proclamation of the German Empire and the crowning of Emperor Wilhelm I.

France

the influential religious reformer blank wrote the Institute of the Christian Religion and established a reformed Christian society in the Swiss town of Geneva in the 16th century, where he banished things like music, dancing, candles, and fun.

Jean Calvin

in The Communist Manifesto (1848), the philosopher blank argued that class conflict was the driving engine of historical change

Karl Marx

Europe's most powerful absolutist monarch, blank of France, famously proclaimed, "L'Etat, Crest moi" ("I am the state")

Louis XIV

According to the ideal of Japan's Tokugawa rulers, which social class was at the bottom of the social hierarchy?

Merchants

the philosophe blank argued for a number of important innovations to political thought in his The Spirit of the Laws (1748), including the separation and balance of governing powers.

Montesquieu

who was the political mastermind of German unification and the first chancellor of the German empire?

Otto von Bismarck

this empire captured Constantinople in 1453, ending a thousand years of Christian rule in the city.

Ottoman Empire

which of the following did Martin Luther not advocate?

Peasants revolting against the lords and princes of Germany

the seven liberal arts of a Renaissance education- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy- were collectively known as the:

Trivium and Quadriviuim

Japanese popular culture was vibrant during the Tokugawa era, evidenced by the popularity of woodblock prints, known in Japanese as:

Ukiyo-e

French king Louis XIV built for himself one of the world's most elaborate and ostentatious palaces in blank

Versailles

which of the following is most likely to be a secondary source?

a monograph

which of the following best describes a primary source?

any source produced during the time period being studied

there are two broad categories of primary sources: documents, which are texts that can be "read," and blank , which are objects that can be interpreted

artifacts

which of the following best describes the Enlightenment notion of "progress"?

continuous improvement is possible through the application of natural science to all aspects of life

the most valuable capital asset property owners in North America could own in the first half of the nineteenth century was:

enslaved people

During the Tokugawa era in Japan, Japanese subjects were permitted to leave Japan to travel the world, but foreigners were not permitted to enter Japan

false

Napoleon was able to rise quickly through the ranks of the French military because of his noble background

false

Our modern categories of "left" and "right" in politics derived from the French Revolution. During the era of the "Reign of Terror," for instance, historians say the revolution moved increasingly to the "right."

false

Pre-Columbian Indian societies respected the land much more than their European counterparts, making sure to leave no lasting impact on their environment

false

an example of a primary source from 17th-century France is the book, The Cat's Meow: The History of Cats in Seventeenth- century Paris, written by Mario Puzo in 2007.

false

delegates of the First and Second Estates insisted on their right to vote by head, since the representatives of those two orders outnumbered the representatives of the Third Estate

false

if we were studying life in the New World under Spanish rule, a letter from a priest in Mexico to his superiors in Spain, written in 1623, would be considered a secondary source.

false

the "Whites Man's Burden" in nineteenth century British referred to white men's obligations to liberate colonized people from European empires.

false

while Enlightenment thinkers often attacked organized religion, they did not attack the Catholic Church for fear that their lives might be n danger.

false

in his influential work The Social Contract, the philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau popularized the concept of the blank, the idea that individuals in society had to surrender their natural liberties and fuse their individual will with a greater, communal identity in order to make fair and just laws.

general will

which of the following is not true of the French Revolution?

it brought to power a government founded on the ideas of Marxism and communism

which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a secondary source?

it interprets primary sources to present an argument about the past.

which of the following best describes the impact that popular and underground literature had on public opinion in France in the late 18th century?

it popularized Enlightenment ideas and spread court gossip that destabilized the monarchy

all of the following was true of the Concert of Europe except:

it sought to protect liberal democracies against conservative monarchial forces

All of the following social changes occurred during the 250 years of Tokugawa rule in Japan except:

many samurai abandoned their military posts and became farmers or merchants.

when someone is accused of revising a story of the past to fit a contemporary political agenda, that person is being accused of

revisionism

Historians' interpretations of the U.S. Civil War have changed over time. Most used to believe that the Civil War was fought over something called "states' rights." Today, there is a general historical consensus that the cause of the Civil War was:

slavery

all of the following are true of radicalized chattel slavery in North America in the nineteenth century except:

slavery was becoming prohibitively expensive and fewer planters chose to use slave labor

which of the following was not an explanation for the French government's fiscal crisis in the 1780s

the peasantry persistently revolted against the crown and refused to pay its fair share of taxes

the "Great Schism" (sometimes called the "Western Schism") refers to what?

the simultaneous rule of two popes in the 14th and 15th centuries

which best describes the way that Bartolomé de las Casas, a conquistadors turned priest, portrayed the inhabitants of the New World?

they were peaceful, innocent, and gentle.

Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism

true

an example of a primary source from 17th- century France be a diary written by a noblewoman in Paris in 1693.

true

historians once believed that pre-Columbian Indian societies were small and scattered, but they now believe they were large- some estimates claim as many as 100 million- and integrated with each other through sophisticated trade networks.

true

the "scientific socialism" of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels rejected the naive idealism of the "utopian socialists" of the early nineteenth century

true

which of the following best describes how we know what we know about pre-Columbian civilizations?

we can read many Europeans accounts, but we must take into account European ethnocentrism.

In August 1789 the French revolutionaries produced a document outlining a range of liberties for French citizens, including freedom from arbitrary arrest and freedom of expression and religion. what was this document called?

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

emissaries from which Western country arrived in Japan in 1853 and demanded that the isolated nation open trade with the West?

The United States

the Rialto Market and the Doge's Palace in Venice are examples of the influence of what kind of architecture and culture on Italian cities?

Arab and Muslim

among the reasons many people in France distrusted Marie Antoinette by 1789 was the fact that she was a foreigner

true

if we were studying life in the New World under Spanish rule, a book by Andrés Reséndez titled The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America, published in 2015, would be considered a secondary source.

true

to advise him on the French state's financial crisis, Louis XVI called to order the blank, a representative advisory body that had not been called to order in nearly 200 years

Estates General

which europeans first used the word "Renaissance" to describe the period in which art and culture flourished throughout the continent?

French and German historians in the 19th century

among the reasons France faced a fiscal crisis in the 1780s was the cost of several military conflicts during its nearly century long rivalry with blank.

Great Britain

19th century nationalist ambitions resulted in the unification of two new nation states in the 1870s. which two were they?

Italy and Germany

the Czech religious reformer blank was burned at the stake in 1415 for, among other things, denouncing the sale of indulgences and promoting reading the Bible in the vernacular.

Jan Hus

which of the following is a term for an opportunistic and pragmatic approach to international relations?

Realpolitik

Napoleon was forced to flee back to France after a failed invasion of blank in 1812. he left with only 90,000 of the 600,000 troops with which he arrived.

Russia

the 1825 Decembrist revolt in the century of blank failed, but it created a revolutionary tradition from which future rebels would draw inspiration

Russia

which best describes Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone?

Salvation for Christians can only come from faith in God and not through good works.

in the painting Saint Mark Preaching in Alexandria, the artists Gentile and Giovanni Bellini intended to celebrate new commercial connections between Alexandria, Egypt, and what European city?

Venice

in the history of Japan the era that preceded the Tokugawa era, an era characterized by nearly constant conflict among Japan's many daimyō, is known as the:

Warring States Period

enlightenment thinkers like Thomas Paine often criticized organized religion but still maintained an abstract belief in the existence of a supreme creator. we call this religious philosophy:

deism

the French "National Assembly," founded in June 1789, referred to what?

deputies of the Third Estate who claimed to represent the interests of all French people

which term refers to Karl Marx's philosophy of history?

dialectical materialism

the period beginning with the execution of Louis XVI and characterized by increasing radicalization and violence in French society and politics is known as the "Thermidorian Reaction."

false

today, Germany is an exclusively Protestant country because it was the birthplace of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation.

false

all of the following were true of nineteenth century socialism except:

socialists promoted free market capitalism and rejected government regulation of economic life

from where did Europeans borrow mathematical innovations like algebra and the algorithm.

the arab and muslim worlds