History-Mcviett
Across Europe people were repeatedly revolting against their governments in the 19th century. one year in particular saw dozens of attempted nationalist revolutions, earning it the nickname "Spring of Nations" which year was that?
1848
the "Scramble for blank" after 1870 was driven by intense national rivalries in Europe and resulted in the colonization of almost an entire continent
Africa
the blank was the system of political, economic, and social privileges under which the French aristocracy and clergy thrived before the French Revolution
Ancien Regime
the Empire of blank was multiethnic state in Central Europe in the nineteenth century. tensions between its many national groups, which included Czech, Slovaks, Serbs, Croatians, and Italians, would be a major cause of World War I.
Austria- Hungary
for most of the 14th century, popes ruled over Christian Europe from this French citym
Avignon
some historians prefer what term, rather than "Renaissance," to describe Europe and its overseas empires in from roughly the 15th to the 18th centuries?
Early modern
Prussia defeated this country in a quick and decisive 1870 military campaign, resulting in the proclamation of the German Empire and the crowning of Emperor Wilhelm I.
France
the influential religious reformer blank wrote the Institute of the Christian Religion and established a reformed Christian society in the Swiss town of Geneva in the 16th century, where he banished things like music, dancing, candles, and fun.
Jean Calvin
in The Communist Manifesto (1848), the philosopher blank argued that class conflict was the driving engine of historical change
Karl Marx
Europe's most powerful absolutist monarch, blank of France, famously proclaimed, "L'Etat, Crest moi" ("I am the state")
Louis XIV
According to the ideal of Japan's Tokugawa rulers, which social class was at the bottom of the social hierarchy?
Merchants
the philosophe blank argued for a number of important innovations to political thought in his The Spirit of the Laws (1748), including the separation and balance of governing powers.
Montesquieu
who was the political mastermind of German unification and the first chancellor of the German empire?
Otto von Bismarck
this empire captured Constantinople in 1453, ending a thousand years of Christian rule in the city.
Ottoman Empire
which of the following did Martin Luther not advocate?
Peasants revolting against the lords and princes of Germany
the seven liberal arts of a Renaissance education- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy- were collectively known as the:
Trivium and Quadriviuim
Japanese popular culture was vibrant during the Tokugawa era, evidenced by the popularity of woodblock prints, known in Japanese as:
Ukiyo-e
French king Louis XIV built for himself one of the world's most elaborate and ostentatious palaces in blank
Versailles
which of the following is most likely to be a secondary source?
a monograph
which of the following best describes a primary source?
any source produced during the time period being studied
there are two broad categories of primary sources: documents, which are texts that can be "read," and blank , which are objects that can be interpreted
artifacts
which of the following best describes the Enlightenment notion of "progress"?
continuous improvement is possible through the application of natural science to all aspects of life
the most valuable capital asset property owners in North America could own in the first half of the nineteenth century was:
enslaved people
During the Tokugawa era in Japan, Japanese subjects were permitted to leave Japan to travel the world, but foreigners were not permitted to enter Japan
false
Napoleon was able to rise quickly through the ranks of the French military because of his noble background
false
Our modern categories of "left" and "right" in politics derived from the French Revolution. During the era of the "Reign of Terror," for instance, historians say the revolution moved increasingly to the "right."
false
Pre-Columbian Indian societies respected the land much more than their European counterparts, making sure to leave no lasting impact on their environment
false
an example of a primary source from 17th-century France is the book, The Cat's Meow: The History of Cats in Seventeenth- century Paris, written by Mario Puzo in 2007.
false
delegates of the First and Second Estates insisted on their right to vote by head, since the representatives of those two orders outnumbered the representatives of the Third Estate
false
if we were studying life in the New World under Spanish rule, a letter from a priest in Mexico to his superiors in Spain, written in 1623, would be considered a secondary source.
false
the "Whites Man's Burden" in nineteenth century British referred to white men's obligations to liberate colonized people from European empires.
false
while Enlightenment thinkers often attacked organized religion, they did not attack the Catholic Church for fear that their lives might be n danger.
false
in his influential work The Social Contract, the philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau popularized the concept of the blank, the idea that individuals in society had to surrender their natural liberties and fuse their individual will with a greater, communal identity in order to make fair and just laws.
general will
which of the following is not true of the French Revolution?
it brought to power a government founded on the ideas of Marxism and communism
which of the following best describes the primary purpose of a secondary source?
it interprets primary sources to present an argument about the past.
which of the following best describes the impact that popular and underground literature had on public opinion in France in the late 18th century?
it popularized Enlightenment ideas and spread court gossip that destabilized the monarchy
all of the following was true of the Concert of Europe except:
it sought to protect liberal democracies against conservative monarchial forces
All of the following social changes occurred during the 250 years of Tokugawa rule in Japan except:
many samurai abandoned their military posts and became farmers or merchants.
when someone is accused of revising a story of the past to fit a contemporary political agenda, that person is being accused of
revisionism
Historians' interpretations of the U.S. Civil War have changed over time. Most used to believe that the Civil War was fought over something called "states' rights." Today, there is a general historical consensus that the cause of the Civil War was:
slavery
all of the following are true of radicalized chattel slavery in North America in the nineteenth century except:
slavery was becoming prohibitively expensive and fewer planters chose to use slave labor
which of the following was not an explanation for the French government's fiscal crisis in the 1780s
the peasantry persistently revolted against the crown and refused to pay its fair share of taxes
the "Great Schism" (sometimes called the "Western Schism") refers to what?
the simultaneous rule of two popes in the 14th and 15th centuries
which best describes the way that Bartolomé de las Casas, a conquistadors turned priest, portrayed the inhabitants of the New World?
they were peaceful, innocent, and gentle.
Calvinism is a branch of Protestantism
true
an example of a primary source from 17th- century France be a diary written by a noblewoman in Paris in 1693.
true
historians once believed that pre-Columbian Indian societies were small and scattered, but they now believe they were large- some estimates claim as many as 100 million- and integrated with each other through sophisticated trade networks.
true
the "scientific socialism" of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels rejected the naive idealism of the "utopian socialists" of the early nineteenth century
true
which of the following best describes how we know what we know about pre-Columbian civilizations?
we can read many Europeans accounts, but we must take into account European ethnocentrism.
In August 1789 the French revolutionaries produced a document outlining a range of liberties for French citizens, including freedom from arbitrary arrest and freedom of expression and religion. what was this document called?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
emissaries from which Western country arrived in Japan in 1853 and demanded that the isolated nation open trade with the West?
The United States
the Rialto Market and the Doge's Palace in Venice are examples of the influence of what kind of architecture and culture on Italian cities?
Arab and Muslim
among the reasons many people in France distrusted Marie Antoinette by 1789 was the fact that she was a foreigner
true
if we were studying life in the New World under Spanish rule, a book by Andrés Reséndez titled The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America, published in 2015, would be considered a secondary source.
true
to advise him on the French state's financial crisis, Louis XVI called to order the blank, a representative advisory body that had not been called to order in nearly 200 years
Estates General
which europeans first used the word "Renaissance" to describe the period in which art and culture flourished throughout the continent?
French and German historians in the 19th century
among the reasons France faced a fiscal crisis in the 1780s was the cost of several military conflicts during its nearly century long rivalry with blank.
Great Britain
19th century nationalist ambitions resulted in the unification of two new nation states in the 1870s. which two were they?
Italy and Germany
the Czech religious reformer blank was burned at the stake in 1415 for, among other things, denouncing the sale of indulgences and promoting reading the Bible in the vernacular.
Jan Hus
which of the following is a term for an opportunistic and pragmatic approach to international relations?
Realpolitik
Napoleon was forced to flee back to France after a failed invasion of blank in 1812. he left with only 90,000 of the 600,000 troops with which he arrived.
Russia
the 1825 Decembrist revolt in the century of blank failed, but it created a revolutionary tradition from which future rebels would draw inspiration
Russia
which best describes Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone?
Salvation for Christians can only come from faith in God and not through good works.
in the painting Saint Mark Preaching in Alexandria, the artists Gentile and Giovanni Bellini intended to celebrate new commercial connections between Alexandria, Egypt, and what European city?
Venice
in the history of Japan the era that preceded the Tokugawa era, an era characterized by nearly constant conflict among Japan's many daimyō, is known as the:
Warring States Period
enlightenment thinkers like Thomas Paine often criticized organized religion but still maintained an abstract belief in the existence of a supreme creator. we call this religious philosophy:
deism
the French "National Assembly," founded in June 1789, referred to what?
deputies of the Third Estate who claimed to represent the interests of all French people
which term refers to Karl Marx's philosophy of history?
dialectical materialism
the period beginning with the execution of Louis XVI and characterized by increasing radicalization and violence in French society and politics is known as the "Thermidorian Reaction."
false
today, Germany is an exclusively Protestant country because it was the birthplace of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation.
false
all of the following were true of nineteenth century socialism except:
socialists promoted free market capitalism and rejected government regulation of economic life
from where did Europeans borrow mathematical innovations like algebra and the algorithm.
the arab and muslim worlds