History of I/O Psychology
What was "scientific management"?
A study involving the improvement of work processes using time-study methods. It was considered to be dehumanizing and Elton Mayo formed a reaction to it: Organizational psychology.
What did the cognitive revolution emphasize?
Economic forces, globalization, new organizations, structures, merits and pitfalls of diversity, and workplace stress. Validity generalization of tests.
Who was Elton Mayo?
Father of organizational psychology. Described a state of reverie obsession, in which workers suffered from difficult and repetitive work. Elton Mayo was a leader of the rebuttal to scientific management, and conducted the Hawthorne Studies.
Who was Harry Hollingworth?
He was asked by Coca Cola to evaluate the dangers of caffeine and found that it actually improves rather than detracts from wellbeing.
Who was the father of industrial psychology?
Hugo Munsterberg. Father of industrial psychology focused on abilities and work performance.
What were the Hawthorne Studies?
Intended to find what work conditions stimulate greater productivity at the hawthorne electric plant. Found that attention to workers improved productivity across all conditions. Hawthorne effect: Observation Bias. The Hawthorne studies led to the Human relations movement.
What was title VII of the civil rights act of 1964?
It required employers to justify the use of selection tests. Was against work discrimination, other than for bonafide occupational qualifications (BFOQs).
Who was the father of individual differences psychology?
James Mckeen Cattell. Focused on individual differences in the workplace, conceived of tenure, 1st American I/O psychologist. Formed the psychological corporation in order to demonstrate the importance of psychology to industry.
Who was Henry Murray?
Trained spies for the O.S.S during world war II in a series of qualitatively assessed scenarios.
Who wrote the army alpha and beta, and what were they?
Two mass intelligence tests engineered to select army recruits by Walter Dill Scott and Walter van Dyke Bingham. The two of them founded the journal of applied psychology, and worked at the carnegie institute.
Who was the father of modern psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt. Created the first psych lab in 1876 and published the first psych journal.
