History of Western Civilization - Unit 1-3 Reading Quiz

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided... -the North Atlantic between England and France. -the Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic. -the New World between Spain and Portugal. -the South Pacific between Spain and the Dutch Republic. -South Africa between the English and the Dutch.

-the New World between Spain and Portugal.

During the 1540s the turning point in the direction of the Catholic Reformation was exemplified by... -the Council of Trent, which invited Protestants to discuss their doctrines. -the pontificate of Paul IV, a moderate pope who proposed to adjudicate all Catholic-Protestant disputes. -the recognition that the Jesuits would serve as the ultimate authority in the Catholic Church. -the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books. -Pope Paul III, who proved to be an ultra-conservative in refusing possible changes within the church.

-the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books.

Which of the following was NOT a central belief of Lutheranism? -Only two of the Catholic sacraments were accurate and worth keeping. -God's word is found in scripture alone. -Justification is by faith alone. -The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church. -The pope is false representative of Christ on earth.

The sale of indulgences is a proper revenue source for a church.

The Chief reason for Napoleon's fast rise to power was/were his...

series of stunning victories over the enemies of France.

Calvin's success in which city enables it to become the vibrant center of Protestantism? -Paris. -Worms. -London. -Edinburgh. -Geneva.

Geneva

Scandinavia in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries witnessed...

Sweden become a second-rate power after the Great Northern War

The Baroque painter who used violent motion, heavily fleshed nudes, dramatic use of light and shadow, and rich sensuous pigments in his paintings was...

Peter Paul Rubens

Resistance to Spanish rule in the Netherlands was led by

Philip II

The Anabaptists... -were founded by Conrad Grebel, beginning as an elitist movement. -peacefully merged with the Calvinists and Lutherans -were not regarded as a political threat, as they preached separation between church and state, -advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism. -gained most popularity in England and Ireland.

-advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism.

The work of Blaise Pascal

believed that reason had limitations

The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland...

demonstrates the application of the principle of legitimacy.

The Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following EXCEPT

dissolve several smaller German states.

In 1789, the Estates-General was...

divided over the issue of voting by orders or by head.

Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851 was held...

in the newly built Crystal Palace.

In his "philosophy of Christ," Erasmus emphasized...

inner piety

The Dutch painter Rembrandt can Rijn was noted for... -his moody paintings of elongated religious figures. -being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century. -rejecting the Dutch preoccupation with realism for the Baroque style of French classicism. -his formation of the French Academy of Painting and Sculptors. -reflecting the values of the Dutch aristocracy in his works.

-being the one great Protestant painter of the seventeenth century.

With regard to matters of religion, the National Convention adopted measures

to de-Christianize the new French Republic.

The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...

to house arrest.

Jacques Bossuet's 'Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture'

was the fundamental seventeenth-century statement of divine-right monarchy.

Calvin believed that salvation might be indicated by... -a secret profession of faith. -a decent and godly life. -participation in the seven sacraments of the medieval church. -worldly success. -material wealth.

-a decent and godly life.

One of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe was... -a widespread famine. -a dramatic fall in prices. -a population decline which led to massive unemployment. -a dramatic rise in prices. -a failure of the grain market.

-a dramatic rise in prices.

John Locke was responsible for... -authoring 'Leviathan' -All of these are correct. -writing the Petition of Right -a political work called 'Two Treatise of Government' -the Instrument of Government.

-a political work called 'Two Treatise of Government'

The nineteenth-century novelist who described the local towns as a place "where the struggling vegetation sickened and sank under the hot breath of kiln and furnace" was...

Charles Dickens

Professional civilian police force known as sergeants first appeared in 1829 in...

France

The major western rival to the British in India in the seventeenth century was... -Portugal. -Spain. -the Netherlands. -France. -Russia.

France

The leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws was...

Francois Quesnay

The Baroque artist who completed Saint Peter's Basilica and the 'Ecstasy of Saint Teresa' was...

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in...

a new French empire under Louis Napoleon.

In France, the First Estate was composed of...

the clergy

Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...

the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.

The Great Hunger in Ireland stemmed from the spread of a fungus that attacked...

the potato crop.

The Chinese dynasty which replaced the Ming in the seventeenth century and which came from Manchuria was the... -Yuan. -Song. -Qing. -Tang. -Han.

-Qing.

By 1860s the richest 10 percent of the population in the cities held what percentage of the wealth?

70 to 80 percent

England's break with the Roman church became official with the passage of the...

Act of Supremacy

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was...

Bartolome de Las Casas

The most successful nationalistic European revolution in 1830 was in...

Belgium

As a result of the Glorious Revolution, by the beginning of the eighteenth century, Parliament possessed supreme political authority in Britain and the monarch had become merely a figurehead. (True/False)

False

Descartes asserted that he would accept only those things that the Bible said were true. (True/False)

False

In his 'On the Freedom of a Christian Man,' Martin Luther emphasized the primacy of works in securing salvation. (True/False)

False

In his On the Freedom of a Christian Man, Martin Luther emphasized the primacy of works in securing salvation. (True/False)

False

Influenced by his experiences in Western Europe, upon his return to Russia, Peter the Great ordered that the serfs be emancipated and freed from their boyar lords. (True/False)

False

Many of exhibits shown in Britain's Great Exhibition were housed in the Houses of Parliament, to show the connection between industrial might and political power. (True/False)

False

Mozart's most famous piece was his 'Saint Matthew's Passion.' (True/False)

False

Napoleon's greatest victory was over the Russians and the Austrians in 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar. (True/False)

False

Protestant schools in Germany avoided teaching the liberal arts, choosing instead to focus on their most important book, the Bible. (True/False)

False

Spanish commercial power in the Americas reached its apex in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, after fighting off the challenges from Britain and the Netherlands. (True/False)

False

The American Revolution was greatly admired by most Europeans in the 1770s and 1780s because it established a republican from the government rather than a monarchy. (True/False)

False

Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?

It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge.

Which of the following statements concerning salons is NOT true?

Salons were frequented by wealthy bourgeoisie but shunned by aristocrats and government officials.

Which one of the following men established the first textile factory using water-powered spinning machines in Rhode Island in 1790?

Samuel Slater

Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in.. -Scandinavia. -England. -France. -Italy. -Spain.

Scandinavia

Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in... -Spain. -Scandinavia. -France. -Italy. -England.

Scandinavia

The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked the Habsburg province of...

Silesia

The first major Portuguese settlement in India was at Calicut. (True/False)

True

The colonists won their war for independence due to...

generous military and financial aid from various European states, especially France.

David Ricardo's iron law of wages stated that...

wages would fall when the population of workers increased.

Of the great European powers in the eighteenth century, the only one NOT to possess a standing army and to rely on mercenaries was...

Great Britain

The eighteenth-century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeals immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is...

Handel's Messiah

Which of the following statements best applies to Thomas Macaulay's thoughts on reform in Britain?

He supported reforms as a means to preventing more radical revolutionary movements.

Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon?

He was both a child of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.

What was NOT part of the Columbian exchange? -Smallpox from Europe and gold and silver from the New World. -Wheat from Europe and tomatoes from the New World. -Gunpowder from Europe and tobacco from the New World. Horse and cattle from Europe and corn from the New World. -Potatoes from Europe and olive trees from the New World.

Potatoes from Europe and olive trees from the New World.

The writer who argued that historical events were largely determined by the deeds of Romantic heroes who transformed society was...

Thomas Carlyle

The author of 'Utopia', a satire on European government and society, was...

Thomas More

The term 'encomienda' refers to...

a Spanish system devised to collect tribute from natives and to use their labor.

New European attitudes toward children are made visible in all of the following EXCEPT...

a reinforcement of the custom of primogeniture.

Edwin Chawick

advocated modern sanitary reforms that resulted in Britain's first Public Health Act.

The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries came in what three areas?

astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.

In his work 'Pensees,' Pascal

attempted to convince rationalists that Christianity was valid by appealing to their reason and emotions.

During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...

became an international phenomenon.

In his 'Reflection on the Revolution in France,' Edmund Burke...

condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of the French Revolution.

By the end of the eighteenth century...

corporal and capital punishment were on the decline.

In the fifty years before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the French economy was...

growing due to an expansion of foreign trade and industrial production.

After the Congress of Vienna, Italy...

had been divided into nine states, subject to the domination of other European powers.

The development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution was important in...

increasing British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.

All of the following are correct about trade and commerce in the eighteenth century EXCEPT

international trade had become greater than trade within Europe.

When the government called for Estates-General to meet,

it doubled the number of representatives from the Third Estate.

Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...

it offered a new means to make profits and maintain social order.

The English Bill of Rights

laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy

The Fronde, an uprising in France that nearly overthrew Louis XIV early in his reign, was a revolt of the French...

nobolity

In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly...

passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.

During the 1760s British policy makers sought to raise revenues from the American colonies for the purpose of...

paying for the expenses of the British army in its defense of the colonies.

Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...

planetary orbits are elliptical.

Scholars devoted to Hermeticism...

saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature

Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution began

sometimes after 1750

As its most elementary Burkina level, conservatism...

sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare.

Thomas Hobbs...

stated that human was animalistic, and needed a strong government to maintain social order.

The philosophy of Rene Descartes...

stressed a separation of mind and matter.

In the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon made peace with...

the Church

The "sleeping giant" of Eastern Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century was...

the Ottoman Empire

When the Potosi mines in Peru opened in 1545...

the cost of precious metals imported into Europe quadrupled.

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to...

the emergence of the "science of man."

In July and August 1789, the king's attempt to halt the Revolution was thwarted by

the intervention of armed commoners, especially in urban uprisings.

The French philosophes mostly included people from...

the nobility and the middle class

The domestic system of textile production in France and Britain is known as

the putting-out system.

All of the following were characteristics of Romanticism EXCEPT

the rejection of the supernatural and unfamiliar

In the seventeenth century the prominence of the Dutch Republic as a great power...

was supported by economic prosperity

Just prior to the Revolution in France, the number of the poor in France

went up significantly

The French philosophes...

were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality.

Members of the new industrial entrepreneurial class in the early nineteenth century...

were usually resourceful individuals with diverse social backgrounds.

The northern Christian humanists...

wished to continue the complicated theological arguments of the Middle Ages.

The reforming religious organization of the late fifteenth century that included both clergy and laymen was the...

Oratory of Divine Love

Religion in the age of Romanticism experienced

a Catholic revival, especially in Germany.

Victory over the Spanish Armada at the end of the sixteenth century achieved by... -the Netherlands. -the Ottoman Empire. -France. -the Holy Roman Empire. -England.

-England.

The Jesuit missionary who propagated Christianity in India, Malacca and the Moluccas, and Japan was... -Thomas More. -Francis Xavier. -Ignatius of Loyola. -Saint Teresa of Avila. -Dominic Guzman.

-Francis Xavier.

As a result of the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 -the German population was to be converted to Catholicism. -the Holy Roman Empire was dismembered. -the institution of the Holy Roman Empire was to be the ruling force in Germany for the next 100 years. -all German states could choose their own religions, except for Calvinism. -German states were allowed to determine their religion.

-German states were allowed to determine their religion.

Most of the fighting during the Thirty Years' War took place in... -Sweden. -France. -Spain. -Germanic lands. -the Mediterranean islands.

-Germanic lands.

India's Mughal dynasty was.. -successful in expelling the British East India Company. -Mongol in origin. -long native to the Indian subcontinent. -Buddhist in religion. -Hindu in religion.

-Mongol in origin.

Which of the following best characterizes popular religion on the eve of the Reformation? -Many popular religious movement placed their emphasis not only on Christ but on the teaching of the Old Testament. -Most Europeans rejected organized religion in favor of secular Renaissance humanism. -People sought certainty of salvation through a variety of means including the veneration of relics and the purchase of indulgences. -There was a marked decline in popular religious piety in the fifteenth century, as only elites exhibited interest in religion. -Most ordinary people were actively engaged in grassroots efforts to do away with orthodox beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church.

-People sought certainty of salvation through a variety of means including the veneration of relics and the purchase of indulgences.

The greatest advocate of militant Catholicism was... -James IV of Scotland. -Philip II of Spain. -Henry VII of England. -Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. -Henry IV of France.

-Philip II of Spain.

The man who established the first school for mariners was... -Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI. -King Henry VIII of England. -Prince Henry of Portugal. -Prince Henry of Orange in the Netherlands. -King Henry II of France.

-Prince Henry of Portugal.

The religious crusading motive for exploration was strongest in... -Florence and Venice. -Spain and Portugal. -France and the Low Countries. -England and Scotland. -the Byzantine Empire.

-Spain and Portugal.

Gustavus Adolphus, who led the Lutheran armies in the Thirty Years' War until he was killed at Lutzen, was king of.. -Sweden. -Poland. -Hungary. -Austria. -Denmark.

-Sweden.

Zwingli's interpretation of the Lord's Supper differed from Luther's in that... -Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic and that no real transformation in the bread and wine occurred. -Luther claimed the ceremony was only symbolic and that no transformation in the bread and wine occurred. -Luther held to the Catholic belief in transubstantiation. -Luther said that the ceremony was totally symbolic. -Zwingli held to the Catholic belief in transubstantiation.

-Zwingli said the ceremony was only symbolic and that no real transformation in the bread and wine occurred.

Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn ended when he executed her for... -speaking publicly against his reign. -infertility. -adultery. -heresy. -bigamy.

-adultery.

The "Glorious Revolution" in 1688 in England was significant for... -returning England to a Catholic commonwealth. -the abolishment of the monarchy in favor of republican "commonwealth." -bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange. -Parliament's establishment of a new monarch through a series if bloody wars. -restoring Charles II and the Stuart dynasty to power.

-bloodlessly deposing James II in favor of William of Orange.

The inflation of the sixteenth centuries... -caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes. -was the result of too little money in circulation. -All of these are correct. -brought an abrupt halt to commercial expansion. -was caused largely by shrinking labor force.

-caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes.

The northern Christian humanists.. -rejected the simple religion of the early Church. -championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church. -were characterized by their pessimistic view of human nature. -did not believe that education could increase personal piety. -wished to continue the complicated theological arguments of the Middle Ages.

-championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church.

Population during the seventeenth century... -continued to be affected by famines and plague. -grew steadily, marking the first major recovery since the Black Death. -increased dramatically due to the greater food production. -decreased sharply throughout Europe as peoples emigrated to colonies overseas. -increased dramatically due to the decrease of epidemic disease.

-continued to be affected by famines and plague.

The primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance was... -religious, to spread the Gospel. -social, to relieve the population pressure on Europe. -psychological, the quest for new experiences to transform a dull existence. -economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade. -military, to provide new bases for an army.

-economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade.

All of the following is true of the Edict of Nantes EXCEPT that it... -was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the official religion in France. -expelled the Huguenots from France. -was a decision made out of political necessity. -was an attempt to reduce religious violence in France. -recognized the rights of the Protestant minority.

-expelled the Huguenots from France.

The African slave trade...

-increased warfare and violence in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves.

The importation of silver from the New World to Spain resulted in... -the Agricultural Revolution. -the Industrial Revolution. -deflation. -the Commercial Revolution. -inflation.

-inflation.

James I of England alienated most of the members of Parliament by... -insisting on his right to govern through divine right. -playing favorites. -persecuting Puritans. -encouraging an alliance with Spain. -lavishly spending money on the English army.

-insisting on his right to govern through divine right.

At its outset, the Reformation in Germany was.. -a purely rural phenomenon. -unilaterally rejected by the clergy. -largely an urban phenomenon. -restricted to southern Germany alone. -a movement with strong urban and rural backing

-largely an urban phenomenon.

The Edict of Worms... -made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire. -led to Luther's forcible removal to Rome. -expressed Luther's rejection of Pope Innocent I''s spiritual authority. -called Luther to appear before Emperor Charles V to recent his "heresies." -contained Luther's refutation of Johann Eck's accusations.

-made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire.

Frederick William the Great Elector build Brandenburg-Prussia into a significant European power by... -allying Prussia with England and Russia against France and the Holy Roman Empire. -making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state. -establishing religious uniformity in his kingdom, as evidenced in his eviction of the Huguenots. -freeing the peasants from the dominion of the nobles. -using his army whenever possible to gain his ends.

-making the General War Commissariat the bureaucratic machine of his state.

England's Queen Elizabeth could best be described as a... -pious Catholic. -passionate Puritan. -moderate Protestant. -committed Lutheran. -fervent Calvinist.

-moderate Protestant.

Luther's religious crisis came to a head over his growing belief that...

-no amount of good works could satisfy God's righteousness.

Catholic Christianity failed to take root in China in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries because... -of the antipathy of the Chinese to all spiritual doctrines. -of opposition by the pope to the practice of ancestor worship. -of opposition from Jesuit missionaries. -of opposition from Protestant missionaries. -of the success of Hindu missionaries, who were closer to Chinese Buddhism in tradition.

-of opposition by the pope to the practice of ancestor worship.

The witchcraft craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. -came out of the social unrest deriving from the shift from individualism to communalism. -often targeted old, single women. -was minimal in comparison to the late Middle Ages. -was primarily restricted to rural areas. -all of these answers are correct.

-often targeted old, single women.

The thirteen colonies in British North America were directly controlled by the British Board of Trade, the Royal Council, and Parliament, with no colonial legislatures. (True/False)

False

Louis XIV restructured the administration of the French government by all of the following EXCEPT... -personally dominating the actions of his ministers and secretaries. -making the court a main arena where rival aristocratic factions jockeyed for power. -removing the central policy-making machinery of government from his own court and household. -adding loyal followers from relatively new aristocratic families to the royal council. -using Versailles as a place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves and their supporters.

-removing the central policy-making machinery of government from his own court and household.

Louis XIV restructured the administration of the French government by all of the following EXCEPT... -personally dominating the actions of his ministers and secretaries. -using Versailles as a place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves and their supporters. -adding loyal followers from relatively new aristocratic families to the royal council. -making the court a main arena where rival aristocratic factions jockeyed for power. -removing the central policy-making machinery of government from his own court and household.

-removing the central policy-making machinery of government from his own court and household.

Louis XIV's Edict of Fontainebleau... -revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenot to flee the country. -moved the Estates General from Paris to Fontainebleau. -established new standards of court etiquette and was intended to diminish the power of great nobles. -removed most French bishops from their sees and replaced them with nobles to strengthen Louis' control of the French Catholic Church. -created new ranks of intendants to govern various regions of France.

-revoked the earlier Edict of Nantes, curtailed the rights of French Protestants, and caused thousands of highly skilled Huguenot to flee the country.

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through... -the negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders. -the use of African warriors to defeat the local residents. -peaceful diplomacy between Portuguese and Arab ambassadors. -massive bribery to local Arab overlords. -ruthless and murderous attacked on Arab settlers int he region.

-ruthless and murderous attacked on Arab settlers int he region.

The European disease that ravaged the Aztecs and Inca was... -hemorrhagic fever. -smallpox. -gout. -influenza. -syphilis.

-smallpox.

As Louis XIII's chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu was most successful in... -defeating the French nobility's attempt to replace him. -creating a reservoir of funds for the treasury. -expanding the political and social rights of the Huguenots. -strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy. -evicting the Huguenot presence from France after the La Rochelle rebellion.

-strengthening the central role of the monarchy in domestic and foreign policy.

Between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, the number of African slaves shipped to the New World is estimated at... -twenty-five million. -two million. -one million. -ten million. -five million.

-ten million.

For Luther, the only sure source of truth and the only reliable path of faith, other than justification, was... -the decrees of powerful abbots. -the opinions of scholars. -the decisions of church councils. -the authority of the pope. -the Bible.

-the Bible.

During the 1540s the turning point in the direction of the Catholic Reformation was exemplified by... -the pontificate of Paul IV, a moderate pope who proposed to adjudicate all Catholic-Protestant disputes. -the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books. -the recognition that the Jesuits would serve as the ultimate authority in the Catholic Church. -the Council of Trent, which invited Protestants to discuss their doctrines. -Pope Paul III, who proved to be an ultra-conservative in refusing possible changes within the church.

-the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index of Forbidden Books.

Ignatius of Loyola was the founder of... -the Capuchin Order. -the Swiss Brethren. -the Society of Jesus. -the Brothers of the Common Life. -the Dominican Order.

-the Society of Jesus.

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by... -Pizarro's rounding of the tip of South America in 1519. -the first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci. -the conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan. -the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortes. -Cabot's search for the Northwest Passage.

-the conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortes.

The witchcraft hysteria began to subside by the mid-seventeenth century for all of the following reasons EXCEPT... -the growing unwillingness of magistrates to accept the conditions generated by trials of witches. -the passage of laws recognizing the equality of women in European society. -the stabilization of governments after a period of crisis. -a tempering of religious passions in the wake of religious wars. -the questioning of traditional attitudes toward religion.

-the passage of laws recognizing the equality of women in European society.

In France, the politics were... -always the chief ministers to the kings. -those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion. -administrators in provincial towns, appointed by the king. -heads of various religious and political factions during the civil wars. -advisors to Catherine de' Medici.

-those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion.

The witchcraft hysteria primarily targeted young, married women. (True/False)

False

The world's first industrial fair was held in Paris in 1851, commemorating the rebuilding of the city under the leadership of Emperor Napoleon III. (True/False)

False

In France, the politiques were... -always the chief ministers to the kings. -heads of various religious and political factions during the civil wars. -those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion. -administrators in provincial towns, appointed by the king. -advisors to Catherine de' Medici.

-those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion.

African slaves were shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean... -to grow rice. -to cultivate tobacco. -to defeat indigenous empires and pave the way for European domination. -to mine vast quantities of gold to be shipped to Portugal. -to work on sugar plantations.

-to work on sugar plantations.

Absolutism means that... -the real power in any state must be religious and exercised by the church. -rule by a secular dictator, justifying his/her authority by supposedly serving the people. -subordinate powers have an absolute right to overrule the king on conducting the affairs of state. -ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right. -no matter how humble, male citizens have an absolute right to participate in politics.

-ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a king who rules by divine right.

Imperial general Albrect von Wallenstein... -became the ruler of the Baltic port of Hamburg with the Peace of Westphalia. -was assassinated on the orders of Emperor Ferdinand. -resigned his commission when it revealed he was a secret convert to Lutheranism. -was killed at the Battle of Nordlingen. -betrayed the imperial cause by joining the French army.

-was assassinated on the orders of Emperor Ferdinand.

After the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Holy Roman Empire.. -was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states. -became divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, and Silesia. -was ruled by the Bourbons. -became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees. -was dominated by Brandenburg-Prussia, which suppressed the autonomy of all other imperial territories.

-was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states.

The Reformation in England under Henry VIII... -stemmed from overwhelming discontent with Catholic Church in England. -was triggered by Henry's desire for a male heir. -enacted a total renunciation of Catholic doctrine. -was organized and enacted by Thomas More. -resulted in Parliament's authority over all matters of religious doctrine and discipline.

-was triggered by Henry's desire for a male heir.

The economic policies of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV's controller general of finances... -can best be described as capitalist. -used new accounting practices to take the tax burden off the peasants. -were noted for their innovation and originality. -were based no the economic theory of mercantilism. -gave Louis the large surplus in the treasury needed to carry out his wars.

-were based no the economic theory of mercantilism.

The Jews of eighteenth-century Europe -won the right to publicly practice of their religion in Austria with Joseph II's Toleration Patent of 1781. -were most persecuted in France and Poland. -were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities. -were restricted to ghettos in all European states. -were assimilated into French society through the unanimous calls of the philosophes for integration.

-were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities.

Thomas More's Utopia served as a blistering criticism of the Catholic Church and a call for theological reform. (True/False)

False

Which of the following inventions proved vital to the industrialization of British cotton manufacturing? -Compton's mule. -Cartwright's power loom. -Arkwright's spinning frame. -Hargreaves' spinning jenny. -All of these are correct.

All of these are correct.

The financial center of Europe in the seventeenth century was... -Vienna -Amsterdam -Rome -London -Paris

Amsterdam

Before the nineteenth century, which of the following areas was least affected by European power and influence? -China and Japan. -North America. -India. -Africa. -South America.

China and Japan

William Harvey argued that disease was not caused by an imbalance of the four bodily humors but by chemical imbalances that could be treated by chemical remedies. (True/False)

False

The artistic movement Mannerism reached its peak with the work of... -Peter Paul Rubens. -Fra Angelico. -El Greco. -Rembrandt van Rijn. -Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

El Greco

During the seventeenth century the population of Europe increased dramatically, except in England, the Dutch Republic, and France. (True/False)

False

Frederick the Great had no use for ht Enlightenment or its philosophes, immersed as he was in building his military. (True/False)

False

The Committee of Public Safety's campaign of Terror was directed almost exclusively against the Catholic clergy and members of the aristocracy and wealthy bourgeoisie. (True/False)

False

The Monroe Doctrine, promulgated by the United States, asked for European intervention in Latin America to prevent the revolutionary impulse from spreading northward. (True/False)

False

The famous medieval traveler reputed to have journeyed to the court of Kublai Khan was Prester John. (True/False)

False

The newly industrialized European nations actively encouraged industrialization in their colonies, such as the British did in India, believing that more production would reduce the cost of goods, thus satisfying domestic consumers. (True/False)

False

The first female painter admitted to the Guild of St. Luke in Haarlem and who painted scenes of everyday life was... -Mary L'Orange. -Judith Holofernes. -Artemisia Gentileschi. -Judith Leyster. -None of these are correct.

Judith Leyster

Carnival was celebrated in the weeks leading up to...

Lent

Louis XV's most famous mistress was

Madame de Pompadour

The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was...

Marco Polo

Which of the following is NOT true of the French revolutionary repulican calendar?

Most Christian holidays were kept.

By 1850, all of the following countries were close to Britain in dustrial output EXCEPT

Russia

The first European nation to establish formal diplomatic relations with China was... -Portugal. -the Dutch. -Venice. -Russia. -England.

Russia

Which of the following statements about Germaine de Stael is NOT true?

She died in London, having stopped writing as the result of her disenchantment with the despotism of Napoleon.

The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America is...

Simon Bolivar

Which empire was described as "an old, crazy, first-rate man of war" but because of incompetent leadership was destined to be "dashed to pieces on the shore"? -the British Empire -the Chinese Empire -the Ottoman Empire -the Russian Empire -the Spanish Empire

The Chinese Empire

In considering the revolutionary era, which of the following is NOT true?

The French Revolution was less complex, less violent, and far less radical than the American Revolution.

The House of Fugger went bankrupt at the end of the sixteenth century when which of the following defaulted on their loans? -the Habsburgs. -the pope. -Bourbons. -the Venetians. -the Sicilians

The Habsburgs

Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe? -The early seventeenth century saw a general stagnation in the areas of mining and metallurgy. -Technological innovations improved the live of peasants dramatically. -The population explosion made for urban growth and more social equality in cities. -An economic depression occurred because of a lack of precious metals in circulation. -The joint-stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading ventures.

The joint-stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading ventures.

Between the death of Louis XIV and the death of Cardinal Fleury, France pulled back from foreign war and promoted the growth of industry. (True/False)

True

In 1526 the Ottoman Turks, under Suleiman the Magnificent, defeated King Louis of Hungary at the Battle of Mohacs. (True/False)

True

In order to obtain slaves for sale to Europeans, local African rulers frequently raided defenseless villages in search of unsuspecting victims. (True/False)

True

It was not until the 1770s that sentiment in Europe began to build against the slave trade, initially with the Society of Friends. (True/False)

True

Louis XIV advertised himself as the Sun King. (True/False)

True

Many of Britain's industrial entrepreneurs were Quakers and other religious minorities, in part because they were excluded from many public positions and lacked opportunities other than in the new industrial capitalism. (True/False)

True

Rousseau, whose novel Emile emphasized the heart and sentiment, served as a precursor of the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century. (True/False)

True

The Anabaptist leader who spread peaceful, evangelical Anabaptism that emphasized separation from the world as a means of better emulating Christ was Menno Simmons. (True/False)

True

The Austrian monarchy never became a highly centralized, absolutist state, in part because it included too many different national groups. (True/False)

True

The British government played a significant role in Britain's industrialization by providing stability and enacting laws that protected private property. (True/False)

True

The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572 involved the massacring of nearly 3,000 Huguenots in Paris. (True/False)

True

The Thirty Years' War has often been called the "last of the religious wars." (True/False)

True

The eighteenth-century agricultural revolution in Britain reduced the cost of food, thus giving the British extra income to purchase items produced by the industrial Revolution. (True/False)

True

The initially successful Revolution of 1848 ultimately failed because the revolutionaries were divided by political aims and nationalistic aspirations. (True/False)

True

Tokugawa layers established the longest-lasting of the Japanese shogunates, which retained power from the early sixteenth century until 1868. (True/False)

True

Unlike Francis Bacon, who agreed the humanity's powers were to be used to "conquer nature", Benedict de Spinoza claimed that nature does not exist for human domination because nature and the universe and humanity itself are all part of God. (True/False)

True

The Romantic artist whose paintings were described as "airy visions, painted with tinted steam" was...

Turner

The sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India was...

Vasco da Gama

Napoleon met his final defeat at the Battle of...

Waterloo

The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by...

entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.

The Baroque-Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century was...

evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann.