History pt. 7
The strong build up of armed forces to intimidate and threaten other nations
Militarism
The food and ministration increase the countries what?
• food production • fuel administration
What was life like on the homefront for women and minorities?
Although women's roles in the military during World War I were limited, they also worked back home in factories, rail yards, etc.
What did Eddie Rickenbacker accomplish?
America's greatest flying ace
What caused arise in tensions between European nations?
Austria hungary annexed Bosnia
Managed use of coal and oil
Fuel administration
Who led the American expeditionary force (AEF)
General John J Pershing "black jack"
What is the Zimmerman note?
Germans sent to Mexico declaring war. British intercepted it
Who issued the Sussex pledge?
Germany
Two Central Powers
Germany Austria Hungary
What nations formed the triple alliance?
Germany, Italy, Austria Hungary
The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany, demanding that It do what?
Hey reparations of $33 billion
Why did America not get involved for a while?
Immigrants: 30% fresh off the boat, didn't like Britain Isolation: strong tradition of isolationism back to Washington's farewell address, Monroe doctrine.
What was the reason for the Sussex pledge?
In hopes US wouldn't declare war on Germany
What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the treaty of Versailles?
It rejected the notion of a league of Nations
Why did a German U-boat sink The passenger ship Lusitania?
It went against an international treaty signed by Germany that band attacks on civilian ships without warning
What was the war industries Board for?
Making war materials
What effect did the war have one women in America?
Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men
What kinds of cultural changes do you think the great migration brought to the African-American community?
Migration gave many African-Americans hope for a new and improved lifestyle
Everyone wanted the best army
Militarism
Glorification of the military
Militarism
Hatred, my country better, Germany plus Slavic fighting
Nationalism
The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interest above all other nations
Nationalism
The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two are deals that were in merging in Europe?
Nationalism and imperialism
How did the sinking of the Lusitania change the way Pinchot thought of the war?
Now thinks that the German killed the men, women, and children
Where did the Lusitania sink? How many people died?
Off the coast of Ireland; 128 Americans died
Who led the massive US attack near the Argonne Forest that pushed Germans back?
Pershing
Many African-American soldiers fought with the distinction in what?
Racial segregated units
What were two ways the country pay for the war?
Raising income tax and selling bonds
General purging insisted that American soldiers who entered the war do what?
Remain in American units under American command
What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria Hungary and Germany
Advancements in technology lead to what new Theater of battle?
The air, with dog fights between planes
Which side did American businesses support?
The allies
What battle on the Western front resulted in a massive German retreat?
The battle of the Argonne Forest
Selective service act is what?
The draft
Why did Congress passed the selective service act?
To draft Americans into the Armed Forces
What was the purpose of though what time agencies created in the US during World War I?
To foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses
What were the purposes of the espionage and sedition acts?
To prevent spying and Curtail criticism of the government
What was the purpose of the committee on public information?
To sell the war effort to Americans
Why did the US get involved in the war?
Zimmermann note
Not all US soldiers were drafted; approximately 2 million were what?
volunteered
What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's 14 points?
• Free-trade and open diplomacy • National self-determination • The establishment of the league of Nations
To protect themselves from artillery fire, the troops did what?
Begin digging trenches
Where was the Western front?
Between Germany and France
What European nations formed the triple entente?
Britain, France, Russia
Why did many Americans support the British?
British used propaganda
How did American admiral Williams Sims change the war at Sea?
By creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers travel together
How did the fuel administration attempt to conserve Cole and oil during the war?
By instituting heatless Mondays and creating daylight savings time
How did America find the $32 billion war effort?
By raising taxes in selling bonds
The use of what at sea greatly reduced shipping losses and saved lives?
Convoys
What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?
Countries began to engage militarism
When and why did the Germans announced they would sink any ship found near Britain's coast?
Credibility British propaganda and changed US attitude about war
Three main Allied powers
France Russia England
World war one marked the first time what two things were used in combat?
-Aircraft -tanks
What are two ways in which the sinking of the Lusitania revealed changes to modern warfare?
-Made no targets off limits -warfare was more vicious
What was Lenin's first act when he took power in Russia? What does this allow Germany to do?
-Make peace -mobilize
What factors contributed to World War I?
-Militarism -alliances -imperialism -nationalism (MAIN)
For main causes of World War I?
-Militarism -nationalism -alliances -imperialism (MAIN)
How did World War I change the world?
-New alliances -new weapons -new laws
To break through enemy lines, what did the Germans used? What did the British use?
-poison gas -armoured tanks
What did Sergeant Alvin York accomplish?
128 German surrenders
Wilsons peace plan =
14 points
Under American involvement, what were the four big battles?
> château-Thierry > Belleau wood > ST. Mihiel > Argonne Forest
Schenck vs. US was what?
A Supreme Court case
Propaganda =
Advertising
Everyone wanted more allies/they fought for more
Alliances
How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?
Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized
Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?
Because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British Navy
Why did Trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?
Because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemies position nearly impossible
Why did people ignore the warning that ran in newspapers in the days leading up to the Lusitania voyage?
Didn't realize that the boats were caring goods for Britain
What were the AEF also known as?
Doughboys
What were the two laws that limited citizens liberties?
Espionage act and sedition act
Who was sentenced to 10 years in jail for making a speech against the war?
Eugene V. Debs
Why did Henry Ford and others want to recruit burgers from the south?
Factories were desperate for workers because the men had gone to the war and they looked for African-Americans
Germany's plan to defeat France quickly and turn to fight Russia
Schlieffen plan
Was created by Congress to register Men for the draft
Selective service
How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?
Several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances
Austria hungry is annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empires relations with the Slavic people?
Slavs Felt that Austria Hungary had no intention of giving them independence
The "patriotic organization" are actually what?
Spies
Germany promises to end unrestricted sub warfare
Sussex pledge
What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?
The Russian revolution and establishment of a communist state
Why did the United States not join the league?
The Senate refused to ratify the treaty of versailles
The movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the north to take factory jobs
The great migration
What led to overcrowding in the cities?
The great migration
What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?
The sinking of six American ships by German subMarines
What was the Zimmermann telegram?
The tell Graham to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the US if they joined the war
Why did the population of southern African Americans become more urbanized during the great migration period?
They migrated and promise for a better life, higher wages, and steady work
Who were the allies and who were the Central Powers?
Those fighting for the triple entente were the allies. What remains of the triple alliance (Germany, Austria Hungary) joined with ottoman empire and Bulgaria to form Central Powers
what was the primary purpose of the war industries Board?
To coordinate the production of war materials
What events caused the United States to declare war?
U-boat torpedoed a French passenger ship. Wilson gave one last warning before declaring war
Early in 1915, Germany established a "war zone" around Great Britain
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Gardens in which citizens grow their own vegetables
Victory gardens
What was the most important new agency created by Congress?
War industries Board
What were some of the long-term effects of the migration of African-Americans from Rural southern areas to northern urban areas?
When moving from the south to the north they probably lived with Racial conduct
Plan/Vision to end this war and all wars
Wilson's 14 points
When many white men in the military who did industries go to?
Women and African-Americans
Fighting over Best land
imperialism
World War I ended when the German government signed a what on November 11, 1918?
Armistice
In 1914 warfare had changed with the use of powerful what?
Artillery guns
What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria hungry
