History Review for Test Chapter 10 Grade 9
How does the Bessemer process work?
A blast of hot air is used to purify molten iron and covert it to steel.
What kept the underground cables of cable cars in motion?
A steam Engine in a Central station.
What did Orville and Wilbur wright invented in 1903?
Airplane
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
"Retailers, too looked for new ways to maximize their profits." They did so with _______.
All of the Above
Samuel Gompers led the ______.
American Federation Labor (AFL)
Employers made and shared _____-lists of people perceived as troublemakers, whom they refused to hire.
Blacklists
Which city unveiled the first subway in the US in 1897?
Boston
What did Edwin L.Drake do?
He drilled the first commercial oil well.
When one business controls an industry without competition from other firms:
Monopoly
Who invented the internal combustion engine in 1867?
Nikolai's A. Otto
John D. Rockefeller s company was:
Standard oil
The goal of entrepreneurs was to _____.
Start new ventures
Andrew Carnegie used the vertical integration in the _____ industry.
Steel
How did the American Federation of labor win wage increases and shorter work weeks?
Strikes and Boycotts
Exploitation of workers was common in cramped workshops set up in shabby tenement (apartment) buildings. Such workshops were called what?
Sweatshops
Who were the Knights of Labor led by?
Terence V.Powderly
In 1880s, which labor union began to accept unskilled workers, women, African Americans and even employers as members?
The Knights of Labor
Before running for president as nominee of the socialist part Eugene V. Debs led a major strike against_____.
The Pullman Company
Crossed the whole US East to west
The Transcontinental Railroad.
Why was the QWERTY keyboard designed the way it was?
To keep typewriter keys from jamming by placing most used letters further apart.
True or false: Laissez capitalism allows companies to conduct business without intervention by the government.
True
True or false: Laissez-faire capitalism allows companies to conduct business without intervention by the government.
True
True or false: Less expensive steel helped transformed the US into a modern industrial economy.
True
True or false: Time zones were created to standardize time for the railroads
True
Two main ways monopolies from:
Vertical integration & horizontal integration.
Which best describes capitalism (Under non monopolistic Conditions)?
When private businesses run most industries and competition determines prices and wages.
Oil prospectors, looking to profit quickly off of new oil discoveries, were known as__________.
Wildcatters
A fear of foreigners is known as ________.
Xenophobia
True or False: Steel helped transform the US into a modern industrial economy but the new material came at a high price.
False
True or false: president Grover Cleveland strongly supported the Pullman Strike.
False
Between 1877 and the 1890s, steel rail had decreased by about what amount per ton?
$38
What did Thomas Edison realize after creating functional light bulb?
His lightbulb wouldn't be widely used until electricity became widely available.
What was the Sherman Antitrust act?
It made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with fee trade. It also prohibited monopolies and activities that hindered competition in the marketplace.
What effect did the vast railroad network in the US have?
It promoted Trade.
What does the telegraph do?
It sends basic messages over wires with electricity.
In the mid-1800s, oil was refined into_____to light lamps.
Kerosene.
The ideology of social Darwinism_____.
Made the inequalities of capitalism appear natural.
What is the name of public transportation systems that carry large numbers of people and make regular stops along established routes?
Mass Transit
How many US patents did Edison earn over his lifetime?
Over 1000