History Test 1

Five Historic Events that influenced the need to establish Public Schools

Louisiana Purchase- 1803 Erie Canal opens- 1825 Telegraph and newspapers- 1832 Opening of new roads, steamboats, and railroads- 1840's Factory System, Irish Potato Famine- 1845-1850 Growth of Cities- 1860

What was a McGuffey Reader

books that teach reading and spelling and included strong civic and moral perspective

The Treaty of Paris, 1781

created after leaving Great Britain and ended the war

Infant Schools

designed for children ages 2-5 so that their moms can go to work. This modern day daycare consisted of giving the children meals, physical care and basic lessons.

Dame school teachers

mostly caseworkers, women, taught throughout the summer.

Dame schools

schools that women opened in their homes to teach girls and boys to read and write

Taxation without representation

taxing of the colonists without them having any say or consent. This made them angry because they didn't have representation in Parliament.

School masters at district schools

they maintained discipline (white males & the rod), feared by students .

What are the 5 steps to taking notes from a college reading?

1. Pre-read 2. Read actively 3. highlighting/Annotate 4. take notes in your notebook 5. prepare for test weeks later with study guide and index cards

What 3 things did Horace Mann report about the school's conditions and quality?

1. buildings were in poor physical condition 2. teachers were unprepared and underpaid 3. committees were not doing enough to improve them

Sunday schools

1786 -started as non-religious, offered schooling to students who worked at a job other days of the week, focused on reading and writing, idea came from England, turned religious in 1830

The Articles of Confederation

Before the U.S. Constitution, involved the Northwest Colonies between the British and colonists

Benjamin Franklin

Believed that science, math and other practical subjects should be a part of curriculum in schools.

Calvinists

Followers of John Calvin, believed that philanthropy was a positive investment in that students who benefited from it would become economic stewards of the future.

Fourth Annual Report, 1840

1st- A Knowledge of Common School Studies 2nd-Aptness to teach 3rd- Management, government, and discipline of a school. 4th-Good Behavior

Normal schools

2 yr institutions that had been promoted by common school leaders to and developed in the early 1800s to prepare prospective elementary teachers

Progressives and Public Education

Children were given more opportunities in public schools, high school and kindergarten were added to public schools, and teacher's salaries increased.

Urban Graded Schools

Classrooms where students were organized by their age, all ages were separated but they learned the same curriculum.

What were the six differences in the Development of Education in the three sections?

Climate, Agriculture, Economy, Living arrangements, Religious, and Race.

What were the 3 Eras in the Early Development of American Public Education?

Colonial Era (1600's-1700's) ,New Republic (1781-1840) , and Public Education (1840's-1880's)

Declaration of Independence, 1776

Colonists are having a voice because they were not represented

Mercantilism

Economic policy in which colonies exist to enrich the Mother Country

Bill of Rights, 1791

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

Characteristics of South

Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland Plantation economy( cotton, rice tobacco), white supremacist, rich children got tutors

What are the 8 Ivy League Colleges?

Harvard, Brown, Yale, Dartmouth, Princeton, Columbia, UPenn, and Cornell.

Who was Horace Mann?

He was the man who created Common Schools, was a state Senator in Massachusetts, and convinced people that Common schools were the best option.

Characteristics of New England

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont Seasonal climate, substantial farming (personal), cities with people living close together, Strict religious Principles, Calvinism, Religious Intolerance, Dame schools

Parochial Schools

Religious, Catholic, and Dutch Schools.

Monitorial schools

Provided basic educations for large groups of children at the same time. The students were organized by grade levels and taught by monitors- older students.

Common Schools

Public schools available to children from all levels of society.

Which 4 Countries were involved with the Exploration and changing the states?

Spain, Great Britain, France, and Holland

boarding around

Teachers live in strangers homes and bring their own meals. They sleep there as well.

mothercountry

The country that explored the settlism, settled the colony, and took over the land.

Characteristics of the Middle Colony

The four states in this colony were New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They all included Dame schools and had a warm climate. There was religious tolerance and diversity of religion and languages.

What was the purpose of the "Whig" party?

The purpose was for them to create Common Schools to help children learn basic skills. They would become more knowledgable and these skills would also help them in the workforce.

Who were the schoolteachers in the Early Republic?

The teachers were male and were studying to be lawyers, or ministers. There wasn't much respect for them and the male teachers were the ones who "boarded around".

What were schoolhouses in the Early Republic like?

There was one small room, old furniture, uncomfortable temperatures, and girls and boys were separated from each other.

The U.S. Constitution

This document took two years to write in 1787. It was ratified in 1789.

Noah Webster

Wrote the first major American dictionary, and believed American needed to be separated from Europe.

Thomas Jefferson

Wanted children to learn Latin and believed schools, needed to prepare students to become citizens, and wanted to separate church and state.

Henry Barnard

Was a part of the Common School movement, wanted district schools and common schools to be a part of the state system, and wanted to improve the schools when it came to attendance and teacher salaries.

William Torrey Harris

Was the Superintendent of the schools in Missouri, and established the idea of school administrators and who they would be. He wanted to provide a great education for the students attending this school.

District Schools

a public school for the children within a school district

Characteristics of District Schools

backless wooden oak benches, uncomfortable temperatures, no specific textbook, wide variety of ages, no maps pictures or blackboards