History Test 3: Study Guide

In 1949, Mao Zedong: A. Represented the Chinese at the United Nations B. Led a successful communist revolution in China C. Led a successful communist revolution in Taiwan D. Was an ally of the United States E. Cooperated with the Chinese nationalists

B. Led a successful communist revolution in China

Which long-held United States territory was granted independence in 1946? A. Puerto Rico B. The Philippines C. Wake Island D. Guam E. Samoa

B. The Philippines

Japan's constitution, which Americans had written, provided for the first time in Japanese history: A. A written constitution B. Freedom of speech C. Women's suffrage D. Procedural due process E. Freedom of assembly

C. Women's suffrage

The Truman Doctrine: A. Advocated a return to isolationism B. Was an alliance between the United States and Great Britain C. Called for more cordial relations with the Soviet Union D. Committed the United States to fighting communism only in Asia E. Committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere

E. Committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere

Joseph McCarthy: A. Had the full support of the Senate during his anticommunist crusade B. Successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the federal government C. Successfully uncovered the communist infiltration of the U.S. army D. Was hailed as an American hero for his fight against communism E. Was an embarrassment to his party by 1954

E. Was an embarrassment to his party by 1954

The effects of radioactive fallout were widely known to the American people prior to 1950. True False

False

In 1948, the Progressive Party: A. Advocated expanded social welfare programs B. Supported segregation C. Supported Truman's civil rights proposals D. Agreed with Truman's Cold War policies E. Did not allow socialists or communists to join

A. Advocated expanded social welfare programs

Why did the United States back away from pressuring its European allies to grant self-government to colonies in Asia and Africa? A. American diplomats valued nations like France more highly for their alliance in the European Cold War B. Since the United States was expanding its own empire, it was losing the moral high ground against European colonial powers C. American strategists reasoned that national independence in Asia and Africa was likely to benefit the Soviet Union more than the United States D. Southern Democrats in Congress did not want to inspire civil rights campaigns at home by supporting national independence in Asia or Africa E. The United States depended on European nations to wage war against communists in the developing world

A. American diplomats valued nations like France more highly for their alliance in the European Cold War

What treaty did the Soviet Union conclude with the Germans ending Russian involvement in World War I? A. Brest-Litovsk B. Versailles C. San Francisco D. Utrecht

A. Brest-Litovsk

During the Cold War, Americans: A. Formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves B. Were united in their outrage over the jailing of Communist Party leaders C. Fired teachers who refused to sign loyalty oaths D. Remained generally unconcerned over the prospect of communists living in America E. A and C

A. Formed anticommunist groups who pressured public libraries to remove "un-American" books from their shelves

The "Iron Curtain": A. Separated the free West from the communist East B. Divided East and West Germany C. Separated the United States from the Soviet Union D. Separated Japan from the rest of Asia E. Divided North and South Korea

A. Separated the free West from the communist East

How did the United States respond to Joseph Stalin's blockade around Berlin? A. Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift B. Truman put American forces on high alert and threatened atomic war if Stalin did not lift the blockade C. Truman ignored it D. Truman asked the United Nations to place an embargo on all goods going to the Soviet Union E. American forces forced their way through the road blockade with a caravan of armored tanks

A. Truman ordered that supplies be brought to Berlin via an airlift

Civil rights initiatives after 1948: A. Waned, given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty." B. Continued in the same vein as those achieved during the Truman administration C. Included enforcement of bans on discrimination in employment and housing D. Remained a strong priority for the Democratic Party E. Became more important after the Soviets pointed out American hypocrisy

A. Waned, given widespread American sentiment that any criticism of American society smacked of "disloyalty."

What year did the Russian Revolution occur? A. 1912 B. 1917 C. 1941 D. 1945 E. 1951

B. 1917

Organized labor emerged as: A. A vocal critic of McCarthyism B. A major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War C. A radical wing of the Communist Party D. A militant group willing to fight the Red Scare E. The best informants for the FBI and HUAC

B. A major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War

Which statement best describes what NSC-68 called for? A. Patience on the part of the United States in dealing with the Soviet Union B. A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment C. Limited strategic goals, confronting the Soviets only at key industrial areas D. A sole reliance on nuclear weapons in order to spare conventional forces E. Limited strategic goals, confronting the Chinese only at key industrial areas

B. A permanent military buildup and a global application of containment

All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT: A. The Fair Deal included a provision to expand public housing B. Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans C. The Fair Deal included a provision to increase the minimum wage D. The Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program E. The Fair Deal included a provision to expand Social Security coverage

B. Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans

"Militant Liberty" was the code name for a national security agency that: A. Patrolled the border in search of illegal aliens B. Encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies C. Required labor unions to purge suspected communist leaders D. Forced schools to fire teachers and professors suspected of teaching Marxist ideas E. Encouraged artists to paint work in a Norman Rockwell style

B. Encouraged Hollywood to produce anticommunist movies

Why was it inevitable that the United States and the Soviet Union would eventually come into conflict after the war ended? A. FDR had privately urged his advisers that the wartime friendly relationship between both nations could never last B. Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interests or values C. It was clear as early as the Tehran conference that Stalin had never intended to follow through on any of the Grand Alliance agreements D. Exploitation of Iran's northern oil fields suggested the Soviet Union was already ahead of the United States in postwar economic development E. The Soviet Union had not fulfilled its obligations from the Yalta Conference

B. Historically, both nations had never shared long-term interests or values

Operation Dixie was: A. A postwar strike wave B. The postwar union campaign in the South C. An effort to increase black suffrage D. The congressional effort to outlaw lynching E. The mass return of African-Americans to the South after World War II

B. The postwar union campaign in the South

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A. Was immediately ratified by Congress B. Was honored by both the United States and the Soviets C. Included freedom of speech and religion D. Was drafted by President Truman E. Did not address economic rights

B. Was honored by both the United States and the Soviets

To wage the cultural Cold War, the Central Intelligence Agency and Defense Department: A. Promoted the work of artist Norman Rockwell B. Censored the work of modern artists C. Funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits D. Sought to censor the work of painter Jackson Pollock E. Imposed artistic conformity

C. Funded artistic publications, concerts, performances, and exhibits

How did the Soviet focus on social and economic rights in the Cold War human rights debate affect American attitudes? A. It caused millions of Americans to be jealous and get curious about the Soviet Union B. It inspired American politicians to invoke the example of the Soviet Union in order to push for bolder reincarnations of the New Deal C. In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism D. It gave Americans comfort to know that their own emphasis on social and economic rights placed them far ahead of the Soviet Union E. It secured voting rights for women along with a quota system for political leadership positions

C. In the climate of anticommunist hysteria, it prompted many Americans to condemn these rights as a first step to socialism

The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement: A. Was quite limited at the time B. Was beneficial because the Urban League accepted communists into its ranks C. Included government action against black leaders D. Caused the NAACP to enlist the aid of the Soviets E. Brought wider support for civil rights from southern Democrats who wanted to fight communism

C. Included government action against black leaders

According to the lecture, the American system of government is predicated on the principles of life, liberty, property. Which of the following political philosopher's iterated these natural rights? A. Jean Jacques Rousseau B. Thomas Hobbes C. John Locke D. Vladimir Lenin E. Karl Marx

C. John Locke

The Marshall Plan: A. Provided economic assistance to the Soviets B. Was a United States and Soviet program to rebuild Europe C. Offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments D. Was limited in scope and focused on West Germany E. Was largely unsuccessful for lack of support from Congress

C. Offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments

The policy of "containment" can best be described as: A. Preventing the expansion of U.S. economic interests in Latin America to appease growing unrest in impoverished regions B. A focus on the containment of further military conflict in the postwar world C. Preventing the spread of communism worldwide D. George Kennan's theory that the United States must pursue normal relations with the Soviet Union, or fail to contain Chinese postwar aggression E. C and D

C. Preventing the spread of communism worldwide

Why were American diplomats particularly dismayed that the Soviets had installed a procommunist government in Poland in 1945? A. U.S. forces had hoped to include Poland in the western European security pact that later became known at NATO B. The Soviet Union had ruled Poland brutally prior to the war and was responsible for most of the killings that took place there in the war C. Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland D. Americans feared that Soviet control of Poland would make it easier for the Red Army to capture and control all of Germany E. Poland had significant oil reserves that British and U.S. interests had planned to tap in an expanded Baltic Trade Agreement after the war

C. Stalin had promised Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt at Yalta that he would allow a democratic government in Poland

How did the Freedom Train suggest the meaning of freedom remain controversial? A. Protests erupted in a number of cities over the required recitation of the Freedom Pledge and signing of the Freedom Scroll for access to the exhibit B. American Heritage Foundation members were unhappy the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were withdrawn from the documents to be displayed C. The Wagner Act, the law guaranteeing workers' right to form unions, was removed from inclusion in the documents display D. The international press criticized the spectacle accompanying the American train when millions of people were suffering amid the ruins of World War II E. Many viewers were upset that Native American treaties that showed the U.S. in a negative light were included

C. The Wagner Act, the law guaranteeing workers' right to form unions, was removed from inclusion in the documents display

How had the political climate changed in the South during World War II in the early Cold War years? A. The mass exodus of African-Americans for the West Coast and Northeast left the region almost exclusively white B. The high concentration of prisoner-of-war camps in the region had made these southerners savvy in foreign affairs C. The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold D. In light of the fight against an enemy with a racial ideology, the states of the upper South abolished segregation and Jim Crow rule E. The region's central role in the development of the atom bomb made it the capital of militant Cold War politics

C. The number of African-Americans in the region that were registered to vote increased sevenfold

How did black organizations employ the language of the Cold War? A. Most black activists shied away from any nod to Cold War language for fear of government reprisals B. Organizations such as the NAACP used phrases such as "freedom versus slavery" to rally support for desegregation C. They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of "freedom" at home D. The NAACP in particular copied the tactics of communist strategists in labor organizations such as the Southern Conference for Human Welfare E. The NAACP adopted and translated slogans from the Soviet Union

C. They noted how the Russians could use racism to damage America's image abroad, given its hypocrisy about the meaning of "freedom" at home

Why did anticommunist Harry Truman veto the McCarran-Walter Act? A. The anticommunist measures targeting immigrants did not go far enough for Truman B. The McCarran-Walter Act closely mirrored the Committee on Immigration's report, Whom Shall We Welcome, an investigative body commissioned by Truman's political enemies C. Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anticommunist crusade D. Truman did not actually veto the act, preferring to propose an alternative bill E. The bill did not adequately address how to respond to illegal aliens

C. Truman had become alarmed at the excesses of the anticommunist crusade

Germany concluded a non-aggression pact with what country before invading Poland? A. United Kingdom B. France C. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics D. Poland E. United States of America

C. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Operation Wetback: A. Was the code name for a CIA operation conducted on the border between Texas and Mexico B. Was how leftist news organizations described the McCarran-Walter Act C. Was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation D. Was opposed by President Truman E. Deported very few illegal aliens

C. Was a military operation that rounded up illegal aliens found in Mexican-American neighborhoods for deportation

The McCarran-Walter Act: A. Removed immigration quotas based on nationality B. Made immigration law much more flexible for Asians and Latinos C. Recognized the need for political asylum for refugees from South Africa D. Authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens E. Was supported by President Truman

D. Authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens

In the 1950s, what did the term "totalitarianism" describe? A. Fascism and national socialism B. Socialism and communism C. Social democracy and the New Deal D. Fascism, Nazism, and communism E. Capitalism and conservatism

D. Fascism, Nazism, and communism

The principle of human rights—the idea of basic rights belonging to all persons because they are human—was introduced into international relations: A. After the Holocaust B. After the dropping of the atomic bomb C. When NATO was established D. In the revolutionary period of the late eighteenth century E. When the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted

D. In the revolutionary period of the late eighteenth century

President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT: A. A permanent federal civil rights commission B. National laws against lynching and the poll tax C. Equal access to jobs D. Reparations E. Equal access to education

D. Reparations

The charges against which of the following organizations led to the downfall of Joseph McCarthy in 1954? A. The Defense Department B. The Voice of America C. The State Department D. The army E. The Communist Party

D. The army

The Berlin Blockade was: A. A barrier erected by Allied forces in postwar Berlin to shield them from angry protests of starving residents B. A means for the United States to justify its threat to mobilize Allied forces stationed in Turkey C. Erected because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union D. The reaction by the Soviet Union to the establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones E. A temporary defensive measure by the United States that was soon taken down

D. The reaction by the Soviet Union to the establishment of a separate currency in western Berlin's occupied zones

Why did nearly 5 million workers walk off their jobs over the course of 1946? A. Returning veterans had been given preferential treatment in hiring and promotion B. The millions of women who had worked in defense industries were refusing to leave their jobs C. The postwar wave of deflation was dramatically reducing the value of worker's wages D. The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers' real income E. American workers had accumulated months of vacation and overtime during the war years

D. The removal of price controls resulted in a drop in workers' real income

Why did the United States allow West Germany to become part of a defensive alliance less than ten years after the defeat of Nazi Germany? A. East Germany had positioned nuclear missiles along the border to the west B. The United States depended heavily on the expertise of German rocket scientists C. The United States made this concession in order to win access to lucrative German consumer markets D. The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West E. The United States had thoroughly "de-nazified" the country

D. The successful Soviet detonation of a nuclear bomb underlined the importance of a militarily united West

What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings? A. They were all communists and did want to indict themselves B. Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated C. They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings D. They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment E. As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned

D. They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment

In the aftermath of World War II: A. Very few women lost their wartime jobs to returning veterans B. The majority of returning GIs went back to work C. The United States experienced difficulty demobilizing, prompting Congress to keep in place most wartime economic measures D. Americans paid more for consumer goods E. B and D

E. B and D

All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT: A. The Cold War reshaped immigration policy B. The Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education C. Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers D. The Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation E. Cold War military spending weakened the economy

E. Cold War military spending weakened the economy