History test chapter 11

How long do the alliances exist

1870's-1914

What was Britain's plan to keep people in the Navy

A conscription plan

Lusitania

A German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. Germans claimed the boat carries ammunition. This is when American opinion turned against Germany

Was Europe's nickname

A powder keg

What did the British do to combat the gas

Developed tanks. Didn't affect outcome of war

What power did the President have

Direct control over economy, had power to fix prices and to regulate war related industries

Europe goes to war note

Divided into two hostile alliances, the major European nations had provoked each other in a series of international crises

Triple entente

France, Russia, Great Britain

Big four

France, great britain, US, italy (switched sides in 1916 for more land)

What's a key example of imperialism

Germany and France bickering over Alsace and Lorraine

Selective Service Act

It was a law requiring men to register for military service. The draft put 3 million men in uniform

What was America's part in the war

Stayed neutral at first, then joined allied powers

What ended the WW1

Treaty of Versailles

What was WW1 known as

War of attrition - kill as many people as possible

French premier

Georges Clemenceau

What did part did Belgium play in the war

German troops traveled through NEUTRAL Belgium to get to France. This led to Great Britain getting involved in the war

What was against international law

German troops traveling through Belgium

Bernard Baruch

Leader of the war industries Board

election of 1916

Wilson vs. Supreme Court Justic Charles Evans Hughed

What were tanks nicknames

"Monsters"

What did Wilson says Germans would be held to

"Strict accountability" and that the US would take action to protect the rights of American citizens to travel on the high seas

What was the famous quote that referred to the killing that occurred?

"We are nothing but a lost generation"

POLITICAL CARTOON ANSWERS

1) The US senate is opposed to the US joining the league of nations 2) the US senate doesnt want the US getting involved in foreign entanglements and foreign wars 3) It represented the isolationist nature of the American public

What happened to the British fleet

1/4 was destroyed

Approximately how many lives were lost

10 million

When is the turning point in the war

1917 because the US joins the war. Troops arrived just in time in Europe to stop a German advance in Paris

How long did the war last

4 years, 1914-1918

What was Wilson

A democrat

Propaganda

A kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions

Conscientious objector

A person who believes fighting is wrong and therefore does not want to serve in the military

Zimmermann note

A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents

What did the Treaty of Versailles include

A warguilt clause, forcing Germany to accept full blame for war. It called on Germany to give up its army, pay war reparations, and return territory to France. It was formed by leaders of the "BIG FOUR" Without any input from leaders of smaller allied powers

How did African-Americans and women participate in the war

African-American served in the military. Some of them were trained as officers, but they were placed in separate unit. Women were not drafted. The Navy excepted women in non-combat positions so women served as nurses secretaries and telephone operators

War Industries Board

Agency to improve efficiency in war related industries. Helped boost industrial production by 20%

What happened in August of 1914

Allied powers are Serbia, Russia, France, Italy, Great Britian / Central Powers are Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

Alvin York

American war hero

Trench warfare

Armies fought for mere yards of ground, continued for over three years. It took place in the western front and mostly at night.

When did Germany declare war on Russia

August 1, 1914

When did Germany declare war on France

August 3, 1914

When did President Wilson state that America would remain neutral

August 4, 1914

What was the central powers greatest death percentage

Austria Hungary with 90%

Who declared war on who

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia with the help of Germany. Germany then declared war on Russia, who was beefing up their military. Two days later, Germany declared war on France. Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany

What protected the trenches

Barbed wire

Alliance system

Began in the 1870's with the emergence of Germany as a unified country

What terrorist group was Princep part of

Black Hand

Who became the central powers? The allied powers?

CP: Triple alliance AP: triple entente

Militarism

Countries "beefing up" up their militaries so they could be stronger and compete with more nations

The points of the fourteen points

Countries should not make secret treaties with one another, freedom of the seas should be maintained, tariffs should be lowered to promote free trade, countries should reduce their arms, interests of the colonial people should be considered. FIRST FIVE ^! the next eight points called for new national boundaries and that different ethnic groups should be able to decide for themselves what nation they want to be part of. The fourteenth point called for a League of Nations

What were the British trying to do with the blockade

Cut off supplies to Germany.

British Prime Minister

David Lloyd George

Stalemate

Dead even

What was being helped in the U.S

Economy from all the trade

Food administration

Established to help produce and conserve food supplies. It encouraged people to grow their own food.

Eddie Rickenbacker

Famous American fighter pilot

What were miserable conditions soldiers faced

Filth, trench foot, trench mouth, shell shock, poisonous gas, disease

Airplanes

First used for observation and soon began being used for fighting

What spread worldwide

Flu epidemic

What happened on January 31, 1917

Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. They would sink ALL vessels on sight, armed or unarmed

What happened on May 31, 1915

Germany signaled the sussex pledge.

Triple alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Protector of Belgium

Great Britain

What were the 3 weaknesses of the treaty of Versailles

Harsh treatment of Germany, The Soviet Union lost more territory than Germany did, concerned colones because the treaty did not recognize the claims of colonies for self-determination

Convoy system

Having merchant ships travel in groups protected by warships. This was created to reduce the loss of ships to German submarine attacks. America and Great Britain began using this.

George Creel

Head of the committee on public information, the government propaganda agency. He was a muckraking journalist

Western Front

In Belgium and France

Eastern Front

In Germany and Russia

Why did workers lose a lot of money

Inflation. As a result, many workers joined unions

What were Uboats in violation of

International law because they attacked without warning

League of Nations

International organization that addressed problems between countries before they led to war.

What's a term that represented the US

Isolationist, didnt want to join League of Nations

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Laws that enacted harsh penalties against anyone opposing US participation in world war one. It went against the 1st amendment

When was Ferdinand killed

June 28, 1914

"No man's land"

Land between France and Germany consisting of trenches. A barren expanse of mud pick marked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire

Charging enemy lines proved useless against

Machine guns

What were new weapons introduced in WW1

Machine guns, posionous gas, tanks, airplanes, flam throwers

Conscrips

Men who serve

What did Russia have that scared Germany

Mobilization

How many people died

More than 22 million

Great Migration

Movement of many African Americans to northern cities from the south in the early 1900s

What were the underlying causes of the war

Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliance system

What helped out in the war

New technology and warfare

International anarchy

No internal organization existed with the authority to force nations to obey it's decisions

When did WW1 end?

Novemeber 11, 1918

Nationalism

Overall pride in one's country, groups wanted independence

Reparations

Payments made by defeated countries after a war

What did Germans use against the machine guns

Poisonous gas. It burned throats, causes pain the chest, and made breathing feel impossible

What happened on April 2, 1917

President Wilson asks Congress for declaration of war. Senates voted for war on April 4. House voted for war on April 6.

What was President Wilson's role in the war

President Wilson stated that America would stay neutral.

Sussex pledge

Promised that Germany would no longer torpedo unarmed merchant vessels if America would have consequences for Great Britains naval crimes in British Isles

How did the government raise money

Raising taxes and selling war bonds

Famous airplane

Red Baron from Germany (shot down 80 planes)

Protector of Serbia

Russia

What was the allied powers greatest death percentage

Russia with 76.3%

Who opposed the treaty

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the conservative senators.

What was the catalyst of the war

Serbia was blamed for the death of Franz Ferdinand. A Serbia nationalist, Princep, killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungary

U-boats

Submarines only Germany had that surprise attacked many ships

What did Princep believe

That Bosnia should belong to Serbia

What was WW1 called

The "great war"

Who did America side with more

The United states was supplying both sides. Since the British blockade was so successful, America conducted more trade with the Allies

What happened on May 7, 1915

The british passenger, the Lusitania, was torpedoed and sunk by Gernamn submarines. No warning was given. 1198 were killed, 128 were Americans

General John J Pershing

The commander of the American Expidtionary Force

American Expeditionary Force

The name given to the American military force that fought in WW1

What is an example of nationalism

The pan-slavic movement which attempted to unite all Slavic people's and was led by Russia

What were two most innovative weapons

The tank and airplanes

Why did these countries begin to build up their military forces long before the outbreak of WW1

The war was bound to happen so being prepared and ready to stand your ground was important. To demonstrate strength so other countries would be less likely to attack them. The 2 alliances distrusted each other.

Why did Russia drop out of WW1

They had suffered enough casualties and they had a weaker military

Why was control of the seas so important to Britain

They wanted to eliminate the power Germany had with Uboats and they didn't want them to get new supppies. They wanted to blockade Germany and lessen the threat of them. Britain had the strongest navy because it's an island and they wanted to keep it that way.

Why did the Germans use submarines

To defend against the British naval Blockade of the Central powers.

What did President Wilson want other countries to do

To honor the rights of neutrals under the principles of International law

Armistice

Truce agreement

What did the first five points address

Ways to avoid war

Imperialism

When a stronger, more dominant country extends their military, political, and economic control over a less powerful country, European countries clashed over colonies

Fourteen points

Wilsons plan for world peace following WW1. It was passed in 1918

National War Labor Board

Worked to settle disputes between management and labor. Improved working conditions

What happened on February 1917

Zimmerman Telegram intercepted by Great Britain and given to the US. In it, Germany promised to give back Mexico the land it had lost to the United States in the Mexican War. In order to get the land, Mexico had to promise Germany would help them during war. US recieving telegram was crucial advantage for Allies.