History test chapter 11
How long do the alliances exist
1870's-1914
What was Britain's plan to keep people in the Navy
A conscription plan
Lusitania
A German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the southern coast of Ireland. Germans claimed the boat carries ammunition. This is when American opinion turned against Germany
Was Europe's nickname
A powder keg
What did the British do to combat the gas
Developed tanks. Didn't affect outcome of war
What power did the President have
Direct control over economy, had power to fix prices and to regulate war related industries
Europe goes to war note
Divided into two hostile alliances, the major European nations had provoked each other in a series of international crises
Triple entente
France, Russia, Great Britain
Big four
France, great britain, US, italy (switched sides in 1916 for more land)
What's a key example of imperialism
Germany and France bickering over Alsace and Lorraine
Selective Service Act
It was a law requiring men to register for military service. The draft put 3 million men in uniform
What was America's part in the war
Stayed neutral at first, then joined allied powers
What ended the WW1
Treaty of Versailles
What was WW1 known as
War of attrition - kill as many people as possible
French premier
Georges Clemenceau
What did part did Belgium play in the war
German troops traveled through NEUTRAL Belgium to get to France. This led to Great Britain getting involved in the war
What was against international law
German troops traveling through Belgium
Bernard Baruch
Leader of the war industries Board
election of 1916
Wilson vs. Supreme Court Justic Charles Evans Hughed
What were tanks nicknames
"Monsters"
What did Wilson says Germans would be held to
"Strict accountability" and that the US would take action to protect the rights of American citizens to travel on the high seas
What was the famous quote that referred to the killing that occurred?
"We are nothing but a lost generation"
POLITICAL CARTOON ANSWERS
1) The US senate is opposed to the US joining the league of nations 2) the US senate doesnt want the US getting involved in foreign entanglements and foreign wars 3) It represented the isolationist nature of the American public
What happened to the British fleet
1/4 was destroyed
Approximately how many lives were lost
10 million
When is the turning point in the war
1917 because the US joins the war. Troops arrived just in time in Europe to stop a German advance in Paris
How long did the war last
4 years, 1914-1918
What was Wilson
A democrat
Propaganda
A kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions
Conscientious objector
A person who believes fighting is wrong and therefore does not want to serve in the military
Zimmermann note
A telegram from the German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico that was intercepted by British agents
What did the Treaty of Versailles include
A warguilt clause, forcing Germany to accept full blame for war. It called on Germany to give up its army, pay war reparations, and return territory to France. It was formed by leaders of the "BIG FOUR" Without any input from leaders of smaller allied powers
How did African-Americans and women participate in the war
African-American served in the military. Some of them were trained as officers, but they were placed in separate unit. Women were not drafted. The Navy excepted women in non-combat positions so women served as nurses secretaries and telephone operators
War Industries Board
Agency to improve efficiency in war related industries. Helped boost industrial production by 20%
What happened in August of 1914
Allied powers are Serbia, Russia, France, Italy, Great Britian / Central Powers are Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey
Alvin York
American war hero
Trench warfare
Armies fought for mere yards of ground, continued for over three years. It took place in the western front and mostly at night.
When did Germany declare war on Russia
August 1, 1914
When did Germany declare war on France
August 3, 1914
When did President Wilson state that America would remain neutral
August 4, 1914
What was the central powers greatest death percentage
Austria Hungary with 90%
Who declared war on who
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia with the help of Germany. Germany then declared war on Russia, who was beefing up their military. Two days later, Germany declared war on France. Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary and Germany
What protected the trenches
Barbed wire
Alliance system
Began in the 1870's with the emergence of Germany as a unified country
What terrorist group was Princep part of
Black Hand
Who became the central powers? The allied powers?
CP: Triple alliance AP: triple entente
Militarism
Countries "beefing up" up their militaries so they could be stronger and compete with more nations
The points of the fourteen points
Countries should not make secret treaties with one another, freedom of the seas should be maintained, tariffs should be lowered to promote free trade, countries should reduce their arms, interests of the colonial people should be considered. FIRST FIVE ^! the next eight points called for new national boundaries and that different ethnic groups should be able to decide for themselves what nation they want to be part of. The fourteenth point called for a League of Nations
What were the British trying to do with the blockade
Cut off supplies to Germany.
British Prime Minister
David Lloyd George
Stalemate
Dead even
What was being helped in the U.S
Economy from all the trade
Food administration
Established to help produce and conserve food supplies. It encouraged people to grow their own food.
Eddie Rickenbacker
Famous American fighter pilot
What were miserable conditions soldiers faced
Filth, trench foot, trench mouth, shell shock, poisonous gas, disease
Airplanes
First used for observation and soon began being used for fighting
What spread worldwide
Flu epidemic
What happened on January 31, 1917
Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. They would sink ALL vessels on sight, armed or unarmed
What happened on May 31, 1915
Germany signaled the sussex pledge.
Triple alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Protector of Belgium
Great Britain
What were the 3 weaknesses of the treaty of Versailles
Harsh treatment of Germany, The Soviet Union lost more territory than Germany did, concerned colones because the treaty did not recognize the claims of colonies for self-determination
Convoy system
Having merchant ships travel in groups protected by warships. This was created to reduce the loss of ships to German submarine attacks. America and Great Britain began using this.
George Creel
Head of the committee on public information, the government propaganda agency. He was a muckraking journalist
Western Front
In Belgium and France
Eastern Front
In Germany and Russia
Why did workers lose a lot of money
Inflation. As a result, many workers joined unions
What were Uboats in violation of
International law because they attacked without warning
League of Nations
International organization that addressed problems between countries before they led to war.
What's a term that represented the US
Isolationist, didnt want to join League of Nations
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Laws that enacted harsh penalties against anyone opposing US participation in world war one. It went against the 1st amendment
When was Ferdinand killed
June 28, 1914
"No man's land"
Land between France and Germany consisting of trenches. A barren expanse of mud pick marked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
Charging enemy lines proved useless against
Machine guns
What were new weapons introduced in WW1
Machine guns, posionous gas, tanks, airplanes, flam throwers
Conscrips
Men who serve
What did Russia have that scared Germany
Mobilization
How many people died
More than 22 million
Great Migration
Movement of many African Americans to northern cities from the south in the early 1900s
What were the underlying causes of the war
Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliance system
What helped out in the war
New technology and warfare
International anarchy
No internal organization existed with the authority to force nations to obey it's decisions
When did WW1 end?
Novemeber 11, 1918
Nationalism
Overall pride in one's country, groups wanted independence
Reparations
Payments made by defeated countries after a war
What did Germans use against the machine guns
Poisonous gas. It burned throats, causes pain the chest, and made breathing feel impossible
What happened on April 2, 1917
President Wilson asks Congress for declaration of war. Senates voted for war on April 4. House voted for war on April 6.
What was President Wilson's role in the war
President Wilson stated that America would stay neutral.
Sussex pledge
Promised that Germany would no longer torpedo unarmed merchant vessels if America would have consequences for Great Britains naval crimes in British Isles
How did the government raise money
Raising taxes and selling war bonds
Famous airplane
Red Baron from Germany (shot down 80 planes)
Protector of Serbia
Russia
What was the allied powers greatest death percentage
Russia with 76.3%
Who opposed the treaty
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge and the conservative senators.
What was the catalyst of the war
Serbia was blamed for the death of Franz Ferdinand. A Serbia nationalist, Princep, killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungary
U-boats
Submarines only Germany had that surprise attacked many ships
What did Princep believe
That Bosnia should belong to Serbia
What was WW1 called
The "great war"
Who did America side with more
The United states was supplying both sides. Since the British blockade was so successful, America conducted more trade with the Allies
What happened on May 7, 1915
The british passenger, the Lusitania, was torpedoed and sunk by Gernamn submarines. No warning was given. 1198 were killed, 128 were Americans
General John J Pershing
The commander of the American Expidtionary Force
American Expeditionary Force
The name given to the American military force that fought in WW1
What is an example of nationalism
The pan-slavic movement which attempted to unite all Slavic people's and was led by Russia
What were two most innovative weapons
The tank and airplanes
Why did these countries begin to build up their military forces long before the outbreak of WW1
The war was bound to happen so being prepared and ready to stand your ground was important. To demonstrate strength so other countries would be less likely to attack them. The 2 alliances distrusted each other.
Why did Russia drop out of WW1
They had suffered enough casualties and they had a weaker military
Why was control of the seas so important to Britain
They wanted to eliminate the power Germany had with Uboats and they didn't want them to get new supppies. They wanted to blockade Germany and lessen the threat of them. Britain had the strongest navy because it's an island and they wanted to keep it that way.
Why did the Germans use submarines
To defend against the British naval Blockade of the Central powers.
What did President Wilson want other countries to do
To honor the rights of neutrals under the principles of International law
Armistice
Truce agreement
What did the first five points address
Ways to avoid war
Imperialism
When a stronger, more dominant country extends their military, political, and economic control over a less powerful country, European countries clashed over colonies
Fourteen points
Wilsons plan for world peace following WW1. It was passed in 1918
National War Labor Board
Worked to settle disputes between management and labor. Improved working conditions
What happened on February 1917
Zimmerman Telegram intercepted by Great Britain and given to the US. In it, Germany promised to give back Mexico the land it had lost to the United States in the Mexican War. In order to get the land, Mexico had to promise Germany would help them during war. US recieving telegram was crucial advantage for Allies.
