HLTH 231 quiz 1

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is... journaling. preparation. action. shaping.

Shaping.

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of... precontemplation. contemplation. maintenance. action.

action

Health and wellness are best described as... determined by the environment. static. determined by genes. dynamic.

dynamic.

Effective health promotion programs... focus on improving selected negative behaviors. have the most measurable results when implemented in schools. don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health.

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health.

Spiritual health can best be described as... establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life. not as important as other factors to overall wellness. holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood.

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life.

The science of epigenetics studies... patterns of inheritance. how genes influence an individual's behavioral choices. the structure of our genes. how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes.

how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes.

Studies associate mindfulness with... social isolation. increased blood pressure. increased religious belief. improvements in memory.

improvements in memory.

Health promotion... includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health. involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans. refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations. focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases.

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health.

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that... influence his or her genes. influence his or her health status. influence his or her response to medical treatment. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases.

influence his or her health status.

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit? shaping visualization reinforcement modeling

modeling

A trait or behavior that a person can actively control, such as eating habits, is a(n)... social determinant. biological determinant. environmental influence. modifiable determinant.

modifiable determinant.

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? perceived benefits perceived seriousness perceived susceptibility perceived barriersperceived susceptibility

perceived susceptibility

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to... protect yourself from hazards in your environment. analyze information. perform activities of daily living. reason objectively.

perform activities of daily living.

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of... an intrinsic reward. shaping. countering. positive reinforcement.

positive reinforcement.

Mindy wants to lose weight. The fact that her parents engage in regular exercise is a(n) ... enabling factor. motivational factor. reinforcing factor. predisposing factor.

predisposing factor.

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a... covert behavior. manipulative behavior. negative behavior. reinforcing behavior.

reinforcing behavior.

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of... self-talk. punishment. enabling. shaping.

self-talk.

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to... -set an ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools. -depend on his friends to keep him away from his favorite fast-food restaurants. -set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them. -make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasn't accomplished his planned goal.

set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them.

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? visualization shaping modeling self-talk

shaping

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's... susceptibility to infectious disease. family history. hygiene habits. occupation and location.

susceptibility to infectious disease.

The contemporary definition of wellness is... the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease. living longer than one's parents. the ability to move about freely without pain. the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model? social cognitive model health belief model transtheoretical model shaping model

transtheoretical model

All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT... tuning out a noisy student in the library. acknowledging your disappointment at a poor grade. cultivating compassion for a friend with financial problems. acknowledging that you are not perfect.

tuning out a noisy student in the library.

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? asking friends for advice changing environmental obstacles deciding on several rewards for making the change wanting to change

wanting to change

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of... health. progress. change. well-being.

well-being.