HMD 225 Exam 1

Ends-based thinking is often characterized as

"do what's best for the greatest number of people."

Mentoring is the same as coaching.

False

Leadership development is enhanced when an experience involves three processes, which are

action, observation, and reflection.

_____ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions.

case studies

Terrorists may call themselves "freedom fighters," and firing someone may be referred to as "letting him or her go." These are both examples of

euphemistic labeling.

Leaders who pull people together on the basis of shared beliefs and a common sense of organizational purpose and belonging are most likely the ones

who create a compelling vision.

A disadvantage of action learning is that it inherently involves time away from immediate job responsibilities.

False

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, the Visionary-Alchemist archetype refers to a leader who provides oversight, control, moral guidance, and caring protectiveness.

False

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, the Warrior-Knight archetype refers to a leader who challenges the status quo and guides adaptation.

False

Advantageous comparison refers to the process of using cosmetic words to defuse or disguise the offensiveness of otherwise morally repugnant or distasteful behavior.

False

Analytic intelligence is much more concerned with knowledge and experience than is practical intelligence.

False

Authentic leaders behave as they do to attain status, rewards, and other advantages rather than to achieve personal conviction.

False

Behavioral manifestations of personality traits are often exhibited with conscious thought rather than automatically.

False

Effective leaders tend to score high on neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness and low on conscientious and openness to experience.

False

Feeling leaders tend to analyze, criticize, and approach decisions impersonally and objectively.

False

Gen Xers have been a stabilizing force in organizations for decades, even if they are prone to digressions about "the good old days."

False

In single-loop learning, individuals tend to learn about subjects outside the comfort zone of their belief systems.

False

In-group favoritism occurs when people overrate the quality of their work and their contributions to the groups and teams to which they belong.

False

Informal mentoring programs occur when an organization assigns a relatively inexperienced but high-potential leader to one of the top executives in the company.

False

Leadership practitioners have a tendency to concentrate on coaching their solid or top followers.

False

Most EQ researchers agree that emotional intelligence cannot be developed.

False

Rule-based thinking, known as utilitarianism in philosophy, is premised on the idea that right and wrong are best determined by considering the consequences or results of an action.

False

Strong situations that are governed by clearly specified rules, demands, and organizational policies maximize the effects that traits have on behavior.

False

Studies indicate that perception is basically a passive activity suggesting that everyone attends to all aspects of a situation equally.

False

With in-basket exercises, participants are given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, letters, and phone messages from an actual manager's inbox.

False

According to Myers and Myers, there are four basic preference dimensions in which people can differ. Identify a true statement about people exhibiting these dimensions.

Introverted leaders prefer to think things through and announce only final decisions.

Which of the following statements is true of informal coaching?

It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors.

_____ involves reinterpreting otherwise immoral behavior in terms of a higher purpose.

Moral justification

Simone, a senior sales manager at ReadMe Inc., cares about developing the skills of her teammates and works beside them as a role model. In the context of the five fundamental archetypes of leadership, she most likely belongs to the

Teacher-Mentor archetype.

According to the dual-process theory, moral judgments dealing primarily with "rights" and "duties" are made by automatic emotional responses.

True

An advantage of the OCEAN model is that it is a useful method for profiling leaders.

True

Good coaches not only discuss what needs to change but also make coachees practice targeted behaviors.

True

In the context of the building blocks of skills, knowledge and experience are easier components to change than intelligence and personality traits.

True

Leaders tend to have higher extraversion scores than nonleaders.

True

Leaders ultimately must be judged on the basis of a framework of values, not just in terms of their effectiveness.

True

Leaders who score low in conscientiousness tend to be more spontaneous, creative, and impulsive.

True

Millennials share an optimism born, perhaps, from having been raised by parents devoted to the task of bringing their generation to adulthood.

True

Moral reasoning refers to the process leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors.

True

Research has shown that openness to experience is an important component of leadership effectiveness and seems particularly important at higher organizational levels or for success in overseas assignments.

True

Smart but inexperienced leaders tend to be more effective in stressful situations than less intelligent, experienced leaders.

True

Technology-based approaches to leader development, such as video games and virtual reality simulations, require speedy thought and action.

True

The Forer effect occurs when people give high accuracy ratings to descriptive statements that are personally flattering but so vague that they could apply to virtually anyone.

True

The strength of the relationship between personality traits and leadership effectiveness is often inversely related to the relative strength of the situation.

True

The study of authentic leadership has gained considerable momentum in the last decade because of the belief that enhancing self-awareness can help people in organizations find more meaning and connection at work.

True

The ultimate test of a servant leader's work is whether those served develop toward being more responsible, caring, and competent individuals.

True

With respect to creative intelligence, perhaps the most important point leaders should remember is that their primary role is not so much to be creative themselves as to build an environment where others can be creative.

True

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend?

attribution

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following web is the foundation for leaders to function in complex, uncertain, and changing environments where leadership solutions to challenges depend on mutual trust and respect among parties?

authenticity

Leadership behavior enacted by individuals who take action to maintain ethical standards in the face of questionable moral behaviors by higher-ups is referred to as

charismatic leadership.

Unlike individuals who score low in extraversion, individuals who score high in this dimension

come across to others as decisive and opinionated.

According to the Five Factor Model (FFM) or OCEAN model of personality, the dimension of neuroticism is most likely

concerned with how people react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism.

Raymond scores high on practical intelligence and has extensive knowledge and experience in leading a pharmaceutical research team. He is likely to feel uncomfortable and unprepared when asked to organize a major fund-raising activity for a charitable institution. This example illustrates that practical intelligence is most likely

domain specific.

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too?

double-loop learning

According to Zemke's four generations of workers, the Millennials

doubt the wisdom of traditional racial and sexual categorizing.

According to Goleman's conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EQ), the "change catalyst" attribute most likely corresponds to the _____ dimension of the OCEAN model.

extraversion

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief undergirds how one balances active participation in the events of one's life with alternating periods of observation, reflection, detachment, and rest?

flaneur

An authentic leader will most likely

have a realistic self-perception.

Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters from a fictitious manager's in-basket?

in-basket exercises

According to Myers and Myers's basic preference dimensions in which people can differ, the thinking-feeling dimension

is concerned with the considerations leaders prefer when making decisions.

The _____ states that if one simply works hard and achieves superior results, then good things will happen.

just world hypothesis

Which of the following best describes attribution of blame?

justifying immoral behavior by claiming it was caused by someone else's actions

Values are most likely

learned through the socialization process.

A personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor (usually someone two to four levels higher in an organization) acts as a guide, role model, and sponsor of a less experienced protégé is known as

mentoring.

Unlike traditional training programs, action learning

often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges.

Which of the following is an approach, developed and popularized by Covey, which postulates a fundamental interdependence between the personal, the interpersonal, the managerial, and the organizational levels of leadership?

principle-centered leadership

Which of the following best describes ethics?

principles of right conduct

Unlike leaders who score low in conscientiousness, those who score high in conscientiousness

rarely get into trouble.

Jonathan, a front desk executive at Read Books Inc., handled 40 customer calls per day. He was then sent to a training program last month to improve his communication skills, which cost the organization $500. This month, Read Books observes that his growth is positive and substantial and that he is able to handle 60 customer calls per day. His productivity has increased by $700. This scenario most likely exemplifies

return on investment.

Kyra, a 16-year-old high school girl, is skeptical about her first day at a new school. She believes that nobody will talk to her and that her new teachers will be rude to her. She enters the class in a negative mood and speaks rudely to everyone. Eventually, she sees that her beliefs about the new school and teachers come true. Which of the following is most likely exemplified in this scenario?

self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following generation of workers tends to be technologically savvy, independent, and skeptical of institutions and hierarchy?

the Gen Xers

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, creative intelligence is

the ability to produce work that is both novel and useful.

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called

the actor/observer difference.

What are the four qualities of leadership that engender trust according to Bennis and Goldsmith?

vision, empathy, consistency, and integrity

Hall and Donnell reported findings of five separate studies involving over 12,000 managers that explored the relationship between managerial achievement and attitudes toward subordinates. Overall, they found that managers who strongly subscribed to Theory X beliefs

were highly likely to be in their lower-achieving group.