HMS 313 CONTENT QUIZ #2

situational disappointment

"I'm disappointed you didn't do your part in helping out last night."

enduring disappointment

"We ask you to do one little thing to help out and you always seem to find a way to screw up everything in the house."

motherese

"baby-talk"

familism:

"core values such as strong family identification, attachment, mutual support, family obligation, and familial inter connectedness." promotes a wide extended family network.

leaving home stage

...cycle continues

A husband tells his wife she needs to stop buying so much on the credit cards. She responds by saying he needs to stop buying so many video games. This is an example of what?

cross-complaining

loyal siblings

cultural norms, support each other in times of crisis, family events. regular but not frequent contact.

permanent stressors:

death of a family member is permanent.

Research shows that marital satisfaction _______ after the birth of the first child.

declines

Sisters Lisa and Laura both like music. Older sister, Lisa, excels in piano. When Laura was given am opportunity to choose an instrument to play, she purposefully chose a guitar to be different from her sister. What is Laura's decision exemplifying?

deidentification

family stressors

discrete life events or transitions that have an impact upon the family unit and produce, or have the potential to produce, change in the family social system.

supportive:

do not enter a role of authority or discipline, sees them often but not as frequent as influential.

non normative stressors

do not follow a predicatable cycle through critical family transitions, not predictably found during a particular time

avoidance

doesn't communicate disappointment, usually hears it from someone else.

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, which social motive is highest among people in old age or those with limited time left to live?

emotion regulation

substitution

employ indirect methods to solve a problem

machoism:

encourages a view of men as the dominant head of the house.

firm control

encourages children to learn how to improve their behavior without placing blame on the individual.

temporary stressors:

eventually passes

hostile siblings

exhibit negative feelings toward each other in the form of envy, negative affect and resentment. preoccupied with the negative state of the relationship.

socioemotional selectivity theory

explains the reasons why age may affect our relationships with extended family; time changes one's perspective.

crisis phase:

families are dealing with demands for which their current interaction patterns and capabilities are not adequate.

stressor pileup:

families often do not have stressors in isolation from one another.

Managing increased parent-child conflict and refocusing on the middle stage of marriage are fundamental tasks at which stage of the family life cycle?

families with adolescents

The two most common topics of conversation for grandparents and grandchildren are education and ________.

family

families with adolescents stage

family adjusts relationships with children to allow for autonomy, manage parent-child conflicts, refocus on the middle stage of the parents' marriage, provide care for elderly parents

communication about the stressor:

family members must discuss the details of how the problem happened, what they think can be done to address it, and how it will affect the family.

The idea that social support mitigates the ill effects of stress by reducing the appraised threat and reducing the stress response that typically follows the treat is know as the ______________ model of social support.

family perception

perceptions:

family's perception at the initial stressor event as well as the stress/crisis produced by event, and stress pileup that follows.

later life stage

find ways to maintain couple interests in the face of physical decline, continue coping with death and disability of elderly family members including spouse and siblings

communication predicament of aging (CPA) model:

focuses on the negative stereotypes that younger people may hold of older adults. this makes them over accommodate their communication in ways that are often demeaning to the adult.

normative stressors

follow a somewhat predictable cycle through critical family transitions

neugarten & weinstein's 5 types of grandparents

formal style fun-seeker surrogate parent reservoir of family wisdom distant figure

leaving home stage

fundamentals tasks involve redefining relationships so that children are less dependent upon their parents, developing their own identity

According to the Double ABC-X Model of Family Stress, certain stressful events can bring on additional stressors. This common phenomenon is known as stress _________.

generation effect

voluntary stressors:

getting married.

inter generational stake hypothesis:

grand parents will have a higher stake in their relationship with their grand children and perceive it to be more important and closer than the grand child.

control messages

has to do with a child's behavior.

distant figure:

have little or no contact with the GC. usually fleeting appearances or holidays.

fun-seeker:

have the view that the GP-GC relationship should be one of pleasure and fun.

authoritarian

high amounts of control, not a whole lot of wamrth.

congenial siblings

highly affectionate and close by places more value on marital and child relationships.

intimate siblings

highly devoted and psychologically close to one another. high affection, acceptance, self-disclosure, intimacy. takes priority over most relationships.

A new spouse often begins to feel accepted by his or her in-laws once they become part of the shared family _______.

identity

stressful events:

impact adaptive processes, usually in a negative way.

empty nest syndrome

includes symptoms like depression and loneliness after children leave home

enduring vulnerabilities:

influence adaptive processes and the experience of stressful events.

adaptive processes:

influences the likelihood of stress pileup.

Cherlin & Furstenberg (1985 & 1986); Mueller, Wilhem, & Elder (2002):

influential supportive passive authority-oriented detached

As soon as a young child has trouble reading a children's book, his mother takes over and reads the rest of the book. This mother is exhibiting parental __________.

intrusion (?)

eight basic strategies to cope with stress:

mapping avoidance help-seeking minimization reversal blame substitution improving shortcomings coaching modeling communal coping communal coping orientation communication about the stressor cooperative action

spillover hypothesis

marital issues "spillover" to create parent-child disharmony, or vice versa

family life changes:

marriage of a family member, sending another to college.

The matrifocal tilt explains that extended family ties on the ________ side of the family tend to be stronger.

maternal

hollow warmth messages

messages that are given even when they aren't deserved.

warmth messages

messages that make a child feel safe, loved, cared for, and supported.

passive:

mildly to moderately involved, don't provide much support.

According to our text, two of the main reasons families are separated are what?

military duty and incarceration in jail or prison

optimism bias

most people are generally positive about marriages and their lives. this can be good and a bad thing for marriage.

communication about the stressor

must discuss how the problem happened, what can be done, and how it will affect the family

apathetic siblings

mutually disinterested in one another and see little each other because their lives have gone in different directions. NOT hostile or rivalrous.

deviance training

observing an older sibling break a rule or engage in risky behavior can normalize that behavior and essentially show a younger sibling how its done.

launching

occurs when a child leaves the home of their family of origin

boundary ambiguity:

occurs when family members are unsure who is in and who is out of the family system and who occupies what roles.

Two major dimensions of parenting that have a strong association with child outcomes are warmth and _______ messages.

Control

modeling

children will pick up behaviors by observing their parents enact those behaviors, especially when they are positive outcomes connected to the coping behaviors.

reciprocal sibling relationships

close in age and tend to interact like peers and are similar in developmental stages and interests.

normative family stressors:

come with changes in family life and usually come with the passage of time.

What are the components of communal coping?

communal coping orientation, communication about the stressor, cooperative action

in-laws

communicated support expressed family inclusion showed respect for their differing views appropriately self-disclosed

laissez-faire

accept and listen to their child's emotion, but they fail to follow up by helping the child set limits on behavior.

reversal

act the opposite of how they feel

launching children stage

adjust back to being a marital dyad, form relationships with their adult children

chaotic (dis)association:

adult children attempt to "give their parent another chance" only to be reminded of the reasons for estrangement.

high conversation orientation

allows children to be expressive about their feelings.

Sibling commitment (i.e. psychological attachment) ___________________________ over the life span.

appears to persist at fairly stable levels

help-seeking

asking for help from family members, neighbors, coworkers, or experts

secondary appraisal

assessment of coping resources for dealing with those stressors

The Jones family is feeling stressed out by their economic struggles as Mr. Jones was recently laid off from his jon. The family decided to cope by going on a camping trip. This response is an example of which family coping strategy?

avoidance

consequences of family coping:

bring on additional stressors (missing work, drinking alcohol).

level 2 stress:

cope by making fundamental changes.

level 1 stress:

cope by making specific superficial changes.

mapping

coping to trying to obtain more information about the problem

marital quality:

couple's overall evaluation of and satisfaction with their marriage.

coaching

parents directly instruct their children how to cope with stressful situation

emotional dismissing

parents feel that their child's negative emotion is trivial and harmful. tires to distract the child by ignoring or minimizing the emotion.

authoritative

parents that are firm but warm. give and take relationships.

off-time grand parenthood:

people experience the role of grand parenthood earlier or later than they expected. can lead the GP's feeling deviant, isolated, or lacking in social support.

fictive siblings

people who have been labeled as siblings due to affection or custom though there is no biological or legal connection

common ingroup identity model:

people who share a larger common identity may overlook other potentially negative or stereotypical aspects of a person's identity.

influential:

physically present and involved in GC lives weekly and sometimes daily basis.

resource dilution hypothesis

positive parenting resources and behaviors can decrease with the addition of a sibling.

According to Gottman, "statements of understanding should ________ 'statements of advice'".

precede

the directive style

relies on firm control and is more similar to the authoritative style.

Late-life siblings relationships are characterized by sharing memories and ____________.

reminiscing

avoidance

removing family members from situation that produce the stressor.

reservoir of family wisdom:

represents an authoritative figure with traditional power.

A married couple has four children. They find it difficult to pay for all the children's college and are challenged to find one-on-one time with each child. What hypothesis is this?

resource dilution hypothesis

resource reallocation

resources are not diluted, but instead reallocated when a sibling is born.

filial responsibility:

responsibility for parents exercised by children.

nonverbal strategies

sends the messages with body language

extended family

social relationships among those related by blood, law, or self-ascribed associated that extends beyond the marriage or committed partner couple and the immediate family of parenting adults and depended children.

buffering model

social support lessens the negative effects of stress and supportive communication helps to work through their emotions and minimize stress.

marianismo:

socializes women to be submissive, feminine, pure, and sacrifice for the family.

When parents are not getting along in their marriage, it is often the case that the parent and the child are also not getting along well. This is known as the _________ hypothesis.

spillover

adjustment phase:

stable patterns of family interactions where new family demands are met with avoidance, elimination, or assimilation.

surrogate parent:

takes on the parenting role and may even substitute for a child's parent.

According to research, what role do maternal aunts provide to nieces and nephews?

teacher, role model, confidante, savvy peer, and second mother

direct verbal strategies

tells everything directly

morphostasis

tendency to remain at a steady state or follow the status quo

regenerative power:

the ability to bounce back from a crisis.

vulnerability:

the ability to prevent stressors from creating a crisis situation.

communal coping

the act of family members coping together as a unit

primary appraisal

the assessment of stressors and the degree to which they are threatening

communal coping orientation:

the belief that the family must join together in order to effectively address the problem.

meanings:

the combination of demands and capabilities influence the meaning they assign to the situation.

wife demand/husband withdrawal

the desire for change might be over a couple-level issue that will occasionally put both spouses in the demanding role, with the attendant partner withdrawal.

emotion regulation:

the desire for emotional comfort and gratification.

synchrony

the desire to focus on the relationship and engage the infant.

marital stability:

the duration of the marriage or whether the couple stays together.

emotion-disapproving

the express even more negative attitudes than emotion dismissing parents. sometimes criticizing or reprimanding the emotions.

level 3 stress:

the fabric of the family is in trouble; basic philosophy must be reexamined.

communal coping orientation

the family join together to effectively address the problem.

cooperative action:

the family members collaborate to develop strategies and enact remedies to deal with the stressor.

joining families through marriage stage

the family must negotiate expectations for marriage, spouses have to re calibrate idealized feelings toward their partners, and negotiate and reconstruct their social networks

scapegoating

the parent focuses on the child's fault and problem as a distraction or outlet for his/her own problems. some children may also be pulled into marital conflict.

sibling deidentification

the process in which individuals attempt to develop a unique identity from their siblings either consciously or unconsciously.

new and existing resources:

the resources that are available at the time of the stressor and coping resources.

social captial

the resources that people acquire through their relationships.

family stress

the response of the family to the stressor.

morphogenesis

the tendency of a family to develop and change over time

grand family:

there was not parent present at all - just a grand parents and grand children.

complementary sibling relationships

these have a larger age difference (4 or more years) and at different developmental stages.

adaptation phase:

they work to restore balance to their system where they restore balance to their system so that their capabilities meet their levels of demands.

primary factors of dealing with death

timing and concurrent stressors in the family life cycle function and position of the person prior to his or her death conflicted relationships with the deceased

critical transition hypothesis

transitions cause stress

fictive kin:

treated as relatives though they are not related by blood or law.

blame

try to make themselves feel better by assigning the problem to other people or external factors

enmeshed

unable to separate from

involuntary stressors:

unplanned pregnancy.

permissive

warm and nurturing, but lack in control.

capabilities:

what the family has (resources) and what the family does (coping behaviors). communication is an important family resource.

family to work conflict (FWC)

when conflicts at home impact job performance

work to family (WFC)

when stress from the job spills over into the family

reciprocal responsiveness

when they respond to a smile with increased words and gestures.

cooperative action

where family members collaborate to develop strategies and remedies for the problem

inter group contact theory:

your own contact with a group influences the way you perceive other people in the group. positive experiences with your grand parents will likely give you more positive thoughts about older adults (vice versa).

communication accommodation theory/social identity theory:

your social identity is shaped by the ways you interact with others and the groups you belong to. people perceive you based on the groups you are apart of.

The __________ model states that young people have negative stereotypes of older adults, and then over accommodate their speech in patronizing ways by simplifying speech, increasing volume, or using secondary baby talk.

CPA (communication predicament of aging)

According to Fingerman et al. (2009) once children become young adults and launch from home, how often do their parents provide emotional support?

Parents are more inclined to provide emotional support to successful children.

continuous estrangement:

a choice made by adult children who choose to resist pressures of reconciliation with parents (?)

cross-complaining

a complain from one spouse is met with a complain from the other spouse as a sign of marital distress

informational support

a family member gives advice and feedback

emotional support:

a family member is available to discuss problems, concerns, and feelings.

instrumental support:

a family member provides assistance with tasks

compensatory hypothesis

a poor marital relationship prompts a stronger parent-child relationship, or vice versa

self-concept:

a third social goal that encourages people to consider their place in the social world, how they compare with other people, and how people view them. peaks in adolescence.

improving shortcomings

carefully consider how they contributed to the stressor and improve aspects of their lives ro deal with the stressor and prevent it from happening again.

main effect model:

caring relationships are generally a course of positive eaffect, self-worth, and belonging.

initial stressor event:

causes crisis (family member gets sick)

intergenerational

children are born dependent upon their parents.

indirect verbal strategies

makes little comments

matrifocal tilit

it is often the women doing the engaging with extended family that families are more likely to stay in contact with the extended family on the woman's side of the family.

communication accommodation theory:

language and behaviors offer clues about another person's social groups and status.

detached:

least involved in GC's lives, little interaction and share few activities.

authority-oriented:

less involved in social activities, sees themselves as authority figures and to enforce discipline.

After losing their son in a school shooting spree, a family began to carefully examine their most basic philosophy and orientation to life. This family is most likely experiencing what type of stressor?

level 3 stress

demands:

life events that occur at a particular point in time (stressors) or a lasting condition or felt tension that is accompanied by a desire to change something (strain). these demands can pileup.

neglectful

low both in nurture and demand, detached.

Research shows that for children who have experienced parental divorce, close grandparent-grandchild relationships ________ emotional and behavioral problems.

lower

formal style:

maintain a clear line between parents and grandparents.

families with young children phase

primary task is child rearing and socialization

information seeking:

prompts people to seek out contact with people who are the best sources, even if those people are unfamiliar.

minimization

psychologically reducing the importance of the stressor

non-normative family stressors:

random and don't occur in every family. this randomness usually makes the stress more traumatic for families.

scaffolding

refers to intentionally structuring an event to enhance the child's learning.

verbal sensitivity

refers to the ability of the caregiver to respond in age appropriate ways to the child to help soothe and problem solve with the child.