Holes Essential Digestive Quiz

Omentum

A filmy double fold of peritoneal membrane called the greater _____ drapes like an apron from the stomach over the transverse colon and the folds of the small intestine

Uvula

A muscular arch of the soft palate extends posteriorly and downward as a cone shaped projection called the _____

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A. Duodenem B. jejunum C. Ileum

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A. Hard Palate B. Soft Palate C. Palatine Tonsils D. Lingual Frenulum E. Vestibule

proteins

Amino acids are the basic components of larger molecules called

Calorie

By definition one _____ is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celsius

Glycogen from meats Monosaccharides from honey and fruits Starch from grains and vegetables Disaccharides from milk sugar, cane sugar, beet, sugar and molasses

Carbohydrates are organic compounds containing chemical bonds used to power cellular processes. Sources of carbohydrates include (select all that apply)

Macronutrients Micronutrients

Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are _____ that provide energy and are required in large amounts. Vitamins and minerals are _____ that don't provide energy and are required in smaller amounts

Molecule that form as a result of absorption of fats in the intestine Molecules that transport dietary fats to muscle and adipose cells Molecules found in the lymph in the lacteals and other lymphatic vessels Molecules composed of fat droplet surrounded by protein

Chylomicrons are

Small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus Mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach

Components of the digestive system that are part of the alimentary canal include:

Carbohydrates

Digestion of _____ begins in the mouth with the activity of salivary amylase and is completed in the small intestine by enzymes from the intestinal mucosa and pancreas

Bile salts Cholesterol Electrolytes Bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin

Identify the components of bile

Glycerol Fatty Acids

Identify the primary products of the chemical digestion of lipids

Water Vitamin K Electrolytes

Identify the substances absorbed by the large intestine

The small intestine has villi and the large intestine does not The large intestine has a layer of longitudinal fibers that form three bands called teniae coli the small intestine does not

Identify which of the following are structural differences between the small intestine and the large intestine

Emulsification

In order to improve fat digestion bile salts affect fat globules much like a soap or detergent would affect them. That is bile salts break fat globules into smaller droplets an action called

Mucous Cells Parietal Cells Chief Cells

Indicate which of the following are cells of the gastric glands

They include elements such as calcium, iron, phosphate, sodium, and chloride They play diverse roles ( i.e nerve conduction, muscle fiber contraction, blood clotting) They are mostly concentrated in bones and teeth

Indicate which of the following are characteristics of minerals

Acinar cells that make up the bulk of the pancreas produce pancreatic juice The pancreatic duct usually connects at the same place where the bile buct from the liver and gallbladder joins the duodenum The pancreatic duct that extends along the pancreas collects the pancreatic juice

Indicate which of the following are true regarding production and secretion of pancreatic juice.

Lipids

Indicate which of the following nutrients yields the highest amount of calories per gram

Gastr-

Indicate which of the following root words means stomach

Vitamins are essential nutrients

Indicate which of the following statements concerning vitamins is true

lingual palatine pharyngeal

Masses of lymphatic tissue are found along the digestive system and protect the body against infection. They include _____ tonsils found at the root of the tongue, _____ tonsils found at the back of the soft palate and _____ tonsils also known as adenoids.

Pulp Cavity - Central area filled with blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue Periodontal Ligament - Encloses the root and secure the teeth in the alveoli Root Canals - Pulp cavities extending within the root Enamel - Hard glossy material covering the crown Dentin - Calcified material surrounding the pulp cavity Crown - Part that projects beyond the gum

Match each part of the tooth with the correct description

Monosaccharides - Facilitated diffusion and active transport Water - osmosis Amino acids - active transport fatty acids - diffusion

Match the nutrient with the absorption mechanism in the intestine

Nasopharynx - It communicates with the nasal cavity and provides a passageway for air during breathing. It is connected to the middle ears, through the auditory tubes. Oropharynx - Posterior to the soft palate, located in back of the oral cavity. It is a passageway for food moving downward from the mouth and for air moving from the nasal cavity Laryngopharynx - The most inferior part of the pharynxm it is a passageway of food to the esophagus

Match the parts of the pharynx with their description

Nutri - nourish Ply - Gatekeeper Lingu - tongue Peri - around Vill - hairy

Match the root words to their meaning

Fat soluble _ They resist the effects of heat, they may accumulate in various tissues, they include vitamins A D E and K their absorption is facilitated by bile Water soluble - They include vitamins of the B complex and vitamin C, essential for cellular metabolism

Match the type of vitamin with its description

trace elements

Minerals that the body requires in very small amounts are called

Stomach

Name the J shaped pouch like organ that hangs inferior to the diaphragm in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity ______.

Stomach

Name the organ indicated at the end of the blue arrow. This organ is responsible for secretion of acid and enzymes. It mixes food with secretions to begin enzymatic digestion of proteins.

liver

Name the organ responsible for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, storage of some vitamins, blood filtering, detoxification of blood and the production and secretion of bile

Lipids

Organic compounds such as phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol are called

Ileocecal sphincter Cecum Colon Rectum Anal canal

Place the following structures in proper order through which undigested material would pass

Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon

Place the parts of the colon in order from beginning to the end

stomach Amino acids

Protein digestion begins in the _____ as a result of pepsin activity, and is completed in the small intestine by enzymes from the intestinal mucosa and the pancreas. During the process, large protein molecules are broken down into _____

Amylase Mucus

Serous cells in salivary glands secrete a fluid containing enzyme called salivary _____ which aids in digestion of starch and glycogen. Mucous cells secrete a thick liquid called _____, which lubricates the food during swallowing

Is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity Extends from the fifth intercostal space to the lower margin of the ribs

The Liver

Pharynx Esophagus

The _____ and the _____ do not digest food, but both are important passageways whose muscular walls function in swallowing

Goblet

The _____ cells are mucus-secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine

Cheeks

The _____ forming the lateral walls of the mouth, consist of outer layers of skin, pads of subcutaneous fat, muscles associated with expression and chewing, and inner linings of moist stratified squamous epithelium

Mucosa

The _____ is the innermost layer of the wall of the digestive track.

stomach

The _____ receives food from the esophagus, mixes the food with gastric juice, initiates protein digestion carries on limited absorption and moves food into the small intestine

Small

The ______ intestine receives secretions from the pancreas and liver. It also completes digestion of the nutrients in chyme and absorbs the products of digestion.

pepsin

The enzyme _____ is the most important digestive enzyme in gastric juice. the enzyme is most active in presence of hydrochloric acid and its role is to begin the digestion of protein in the stomach

villi

The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called _____

Canal Sphincter

The last 2.5-4.0 centimeters of the large intestine form the anal _____. At its distal end two muscles called the internal and external anal ______ guard the anus.

Oral cavity Vestibule

The lips, cheeks, tongue, and palate surround the mouth, which includes a chamber between the palate and tongue called the _____, as well as a narrow space between the teeth, cheeks, and lips called the_____

Glucose

The main function of _____ is to provide the primary fuel source for cellular processes.

Segmentation Peristalsis

The motor functions of the alimentary canal are of two basic types: mixing movements known as and propelling movements also known as

right left

The names of the two major lobes of the liver are the _____ and _____ lobes

pancreas

The organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue, located posterior to the stomach and within the curvature of the duodenum is the ______

Serosa

The outer covering of the wall of the alimentary canal is also known as the _____

Duodenum Spleen

The pancreas is closely associated with the small intesting. It extends horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall with its head in the c-shaped curve of the _____ and its tail against the ________

Duodenum spleen

The pancrease is closely associated with the small intestine. It extends horizontally across the posterior abdominal wall, with its head in the C shaped curve of the ____ and its tail against the _____

Trypsin Carboxypeptidase

The proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas are

Chyme

The semi-fluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of food particles and gastric secretions is called

Duodenum jejunum ileum

The small intestine consists of three sections. As food passes from the stomach through the small intestine it passes through the ____ (indicated by A) then through the ______ (indicated by B) and the the ______ (indicated by C)

ilececal

The sphincter that allows intestinal contents to move from the ileum to the large intestine but not in the opposite direction is called the _____ sphincter

Gallbladder

The structure indicated by the red arrow in the figure is the _______

A. Parotid B. Sublingual C. Submandibular

The structure indicated in the picture by a letter A is the ___ gland. The structure indicated by letter B is the _____ gland. The structure indicated by letter c is the ____ gland.

oropharynx

The structure indicated in the picture by the blue arrow is the ______

Esophagus

The structure within the mediastinum, anterior to the vertebrae and posterior to the trachea is the ______

True

Tru or false the large intestine has little or no digestive function

False

True or false the most important absorbing organ of the alimentary canal is the stomach

Secondary

Type of teeth indicated by the arrow are developing _____ teeth

To absorb water, compact store and eliminate feces

What is the primary function of the large intestine

Rectum

What is the straight muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal

Mucus

Which of the following is secreted by the large intestine

Its lower esophageal sphincter closes to prevent stomach contents from regurgitating and opens to allow the swallowed food to enter the stomach It penetrates the diaphragm through an opening the esophageal hiatus It descends posterior to the trachea passing through the mediastinum

Which of the following statements are true regarding the esophagus

longitudinal

Within the muscular layer of the alimentary canal the outermost layer consists of _____ fibers

Mechanical Chemical

_____ digestion breaks larger pieces into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition and _____ digestion breaks food into simpler forms usable by the body.

Unsaturated

_____ fats predominate in nuts, seeds, and most vegetable oils

Essential

_____ fatty acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and therefore must be obtained from the diet

saliva

_____ functions to moisten food particles, begins digestion of carbohydrates, cleans the mouth and teeth, inhibits bacterial growth dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds and bind particles

Protein

_____ serves as structural materials, function as enzymes and provide energy

Appendix

the small bind-ended tube attached to the cecum is the

False

true or False Most absorption of digestive products occurs in the stomach