Homework 2 - What Logic Studies
A single counterexample to a deductive argument is enough to show that an argument is invalid. -True -False
True
A valid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false. -True -False
True
Every statement is either true or false; these two possibilities are called truth values. -True -False
True
Determine whether the following inductive arguments are strong or weak. Reference: Ref 1-20 Only a few people will be chosen for the Olympic team. John will make the Olympic team. -Weak -Strong
Weak
Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. Reference: Ref 1-7 More damage was done last year from hurricanes than earthquakes. There was $100 million damage last year from hurricanes. There was $70 million damage last year from earthquakes. -Argument -Not an argument
Argument
Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. Reference: Ref 1-7 Newspapers are a good source of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. Weekly magazines are good source of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. PBS, CNN, and CSPAN are good sources of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. There is no reason why anyone should remain ignorant of what's going on in the world. -Argument -Not an argument
Argument
For each of the following passages, decide whether it is an argument or an explanation. Reference: Ref 1-8 Computers will soon be in every home because the cost of buying one goes down dramatically every year. -Explanation -Argument
Argument
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 1: Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Reference: Ref 1-1 Jim is harming his heart. -Conclusion -Premise
Conclusion
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 3: Paris is called the "City of Lights." Las Vegas is also called the "City of Lights." So, there must be at least two cities with the same nickname. Reference: Ref 1-3 There must be at least two cities with the same nickname. -Conclusion -Premise
Conclusion
Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. Reference: Ref 1-9 Every horse can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Evie has a horse. Therefore, Evie's horse can run a mile in under three minutes. -Inductive -Deductive
Deductive
Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. Reference: Ref 1-9 Every horse can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Evie has a pet that can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Therefore, Evie's pet is certainly a horse. -Inductive -Deductive
Deductive
For each of the following passages, decide whether it is an argument or an explanation. Reference: Ref 1-8 I have a stomachache. It must be those nachos I ate. -Explanation -Argument
Explanation
For each of the following passages, decide whether it is an argument or an explanation. Reference: Ref 1-8 She quit her job today because she inherited $1 million from a rich relative. -Explanation -Argument
Explanation
A counterexample to an argument is evidence that the conclusion is false. -True -False
False
A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows probably from the premises. -True -False
False
An argument must have at least two premises. -True -False
False
An inductive argument is cogent when the argument is strong, even if the premises are false. -True -False
False
An inductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. -True -False
False
Every explanation is an argument. -True -False
False
Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. Reference: Ref 1-9 The exam's range of C scores is 70-79. I got a C on the exam. Therefore, maybe I got a 75 on the exam. -Inductive -Deductive
Inductive
Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. Reference: Ref 1-7 I like candy. I love chocolate. I hate peanuts. Also, I don't care for circus acts or water sports. It's OK if you like that stuff. -Argument -Not an argument
Not an argument
Determine whether or not the following passages contain arguments. Reference: Ref 1-7 Most scientists agree that global warming is caused by human activity. -Argument -Not an argument
Not an argument
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 1: Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Reference: Ref 1-1 Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. -Conclusion -Premise
Premise
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 1: Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Reference: Ref 1-1 Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. -Conclusion -Premise
Premise
Determine whether the following inductive arguments are strong or weak. Reference: Ref 1-20 Most people over 18 are registered to vote. Lisa is 19 years old. So, Lisa is registered to vote. -Weak -Strong
Strong
Determine whether the following inductive arguments are strong or weak. Reference: Ref 1-20 There are thirty students in my class. Two students got a perfect score on the last exam. I am probably one of the students who got a perfect score on the last exam. -Weak -Strong
Weak
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 5: We should stop interfering in other countries' affairs. This follows from the fact that we have no moral right to change a country's way of governing itself. Also, interfering often gets us locked into combat; not to mention that the potential for loss of lives on both sides is high. In addition, the cost of waging wars is astronomical. Any engagement means weakening our already shaky economy. Add the fact that interfering makes us have more enemies around the world who feel threatened by us. Reference: Ref 1-5 We should stop interfering in other countries' affairs. -Conclusion -Premise
Conclusion
Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. Reference: Ref 1-9 The exam's range of C scores is 70-79. I got a 98 on the exam. Therefore, I did not get a C on the exam. -Inductive -Deductive
Deductive
Determine whether the following arguments are best classified as being deductive or inductive. Reference: Ref 1-9 Most horses can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Evie has a horse. Therefore, Evie's horse probably can run a mile in under 3 minutes. -Inductive -Deductive
Inductive
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 3: Paris is called the "City of Lights." Las Vegas is also called the "City of Lights." So, there must be at least two cities with the same nickname. Reference: Ref 1-3 Las Vegas is also called the "City of Lights." -Conclusion -Premise
Premise
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 3: Paris is called the "City of Lights." Las Vegas is also called the "City of Lights." So, there must be at least two cities with the same nickname. Reference: Ref 1-3 Paris is called the "City of Lights." -Conclusion -Premise
Premise
Pick out the premises and conclusion for each of the following arguments. Argument 5: We should stop interfering in other countries' affairs. This follows from the fact that we have no moral right to change a country's way of governing itself. Also, interfering often gets us locked into combat; not to mention that the potential for loss of lives on both sides is high. In addition, the cost of waging wars is astronomical. Any engagement means weakening our already shaky economy. Add the fact that interfering makes us have more enemies around the world who feel threatened by us. Reference: Ref 1-5 The potential for loss of lives on both sides is high. -Conclusion -Premise
Premise
Determine whether the following inductive arguments are strong or weak. Reference: Ref 1-20 Only a few people will be chosen for the Olympic team. Of those receiving phone calls from the selection committee, 80% will make the team. John received a phone call from the selection committee. John will probably make the Olympic team. -Weak -Strong
Strong
Determine whether the following inductive arguments are strong or weak. Reference: Ref 1-20 The vast majority of students who don't have a book for the course, and who don't do the homework, wind up failing the course. I know for a fact that Stan doesn't have a book and he doesn't do the homework. Stan will fail the course. -Weak -Strong
Strong
An invalid argument is automatically an unsound argument. -True -False
True
