Honors Physics Final 1
What is the maximum negative displacement a dog could have if it started its motion at +3 m?
-3 m
A small force acting on the human-sized object causes
A small acceleration
Which of the following is a frame of reference for measuring motion?
Coordinate system
Which of the following equations best shows the average relationship between temperature and time for substance B as given in Table 1 and Graph 1 above?
(Delta)T=0.07(deltaT)
The displacement of an object undergoes free fall from rest is proportional to
(delta t)^2
Which expression has the same dimensions as an expression yielding a value for acceleration (m/s^2)? (delta v has units of m/s)
(delta v)^2/delta x
A student holds a 6-N block of wood from a spring balance in an express elevator that maintains constant velocity traveling between floors. A spring scale reading of 5.9 N indicates that the elevator is
Ending an ascending trip
In the figure below, the horizontal component of the ball's velocity at A is
Equal to the horizontal component of its initial velocity
Models can do all of the following except
Explain every aspect of natural phenomena
The speed of a car will increase if the car's
Initial velocity is positive and its acceleration is positive
A vector remains unchanged
Only if it is moved parallel to its original direction
What is the correct description of any change of position farther to the right of zero?
Positive displacement
Three values were obtained for the mass of a metal bar: 8.83 g; 8.84 g; 8.82 g. The known mass is 10.68 g. The values are
Precise
The graph below, how does the acceleration at A compare with the acceleration at B?
The acceleration at A and B are each zero
What does the graph below illustrate about acceleration?
The acceleration varies.
A batter strikes a baseball with a bat. Identify an action-reaction pair and describe the forces exerted by each.
The batter exerts a force on the bat; the bat exerts a force on the batter
In which situation is the net force acting on a car zero?
The car maintains both its speed and direction
When a car's velocity is negative and its acceleration is negative, what is happening to the car's motion?
The car speeds up
Who would observe the dumbbell falling straight down?
The clown only
Using the orders-of-magnitude method of calculation, estimate how long it would take a car moving at 109 km/h to travel 10450 km.
100 h
The sun is composed mostly of hydrogen. The mass of the sun is 2.0 x 10^30 kg, and the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10^-27 kg. Estimate the number of atoms in the sun.
10^57
For the five time intervals shown, during how many intervals does the dog have the same average velocity?
2
During which interval is the magnitude of the jogger's acceleration the greatest?
EF
A physicist who studies the behavior of submicroscopic particles is working in which area within physics?
Mechanics
A force of 5 N and a force of 15 N acting on an object can produce the following net forces except
5 N
The radius of earth is 6 370 000 m. Express this measurement in km in scientific notation with the correct number of significant digits.
6.37 x 10^3 km
In scientific notation, 674.3 mm equals
6.743 x 10^2 mm
During which of the following intervals is the speed of the jogger decreasing?
AB and CD
54. An object in free fall
All of the above
In scientific notation, 0.000 005 823 ug equals
All of the above
Physics is concerned with which of the following matters?
All of the above
The acceleration due to gravity
All of the above
The clown and the child would agree about which of the following observations?
All of the above
What does graph 1 show about the heating rate of substance A versus substance B?
All of the above
Which of the following may be classified as projectile motion?
All of the above
Which of the following represents a system?
All of the above
Which of the following situations describes inertia?
All of the above
Which of the following represents the vector resulting in the subtraction of the displacement vectors d2-d1 shown in the figure?
Arrow goes right diagonal
Based on the data from table 1, which of the following statements is correct?
As time increased, the temperature increased for both substances
A volleyball player taps a volleyball well above the net. The ball's speed is at least
At the highest point of its path
A baseball catcher throws a ball vertically upward and catches it in the same spot as it returns to the mitt. At what point in the ball's path does it experience zero velocity and nonzero acceleration at the same time?
At the top of the path
Which of the following quantities used to describe motion is an example of a vector quantity?
Average velocity
In the figure below, the magnitude of the ball's velocity is least at location
B
During which of the following intervals does the jogger have a constant positive velocity?
BC
The dumbbell's motion as described by an acrobat walking in the parade is very similar to the clown's description of the dumbbell's motion. What do you know about the motion of the acrobat?
Both A and B
Two forces act on an object. The magnitude of the net force acting on the object
Cannot be determined from the given information
In interactions of action-reaction pairs involving Earth and everyday objects, the effect on Earth's motion is often negligible because
Earth has great inertia
A plank is inclined at angle feta, north of west. The direction of the normal force exerted by that plank on an object would be oriented at angle feta,
East of north
All of the following statements about kinetic friction are true except
For an object on an incline, kinetic friction increases as an angle of the incline above the horizontal increases
An action exerted on an object which may change the object's state of rest or motion defines
Force
Units that measure weight are units of
Force
Which of the following forces is an example of a contact force?
Frictional force
If vectors are moved according to the rules of the triangle method of vector addition, then the resultant vector is drawn
From the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector
Which of the following forces is an example of a field force?
Gravitational force
Rank in decreasing order the displacements of objects having the following pairs of average velocity and time of motion. I. Vavg=+2.0 m/s, delta t= 2.0 s II. Vavg=+3.0 m/s, delta t= 2.0 s III. Vavg=-3.0 m/s, delta t= 3.0 s
II,I,III
Which of the following is true of inertia?
It is described in Newton's first law of motion
In a diagram, the length of a vector arrow represents the
Magnitude of the vector
What quantity does the kilogram measure?
Mass
The most appropriate SI unit for measuring the length of an automobile is the
Meter
What is the SI base unit for length?
Meter
Who would observe the dumbbell falling backward?
Neither the clown nor the child
Two dogs are tugging on a toy. One dog pulls with a horizontal force of 14 N due north. The other is pulling due east with a horizontal force of 14 N. What is the direction of the net external horizontal force on the toy?
Northeast
How many variables may be tested legitimately in any one experiment?
One
In the absence of air resistance, the path of a projectile is a(n)
Parabola
The components of a vector are
Perpendicular
Identify the following quantities as scalar or vector: the mass of an object, the number of leaves on a tree, wind velocity.
Scalar, scalar, vector
How many significant figures does 50.003 00 have?
Seven
In the triangle below, what does feta equal?
Tan^-1(delta y/delta x)
A truck and a car uniformly accelerate from rest to a velocity of 3.0 m/s in equal time intervals. The truck is ten times as massive as the car. Which of the following statements is correct?
The force on the truck is 10 times the force on the car
A hammer drives a nail into a piece of wood. Identify an action-reaction pair in this situation.
The hammer exerts a force on the nail; the nail exerts a force on the hammer
A gardener holds the nozzle of a hose constant at a small angle above the horizontal and observes the path of the stream of water coming from the nozzle. If the pressure of the water is increased so that the water leaves the nozzle at a greater speed,
The height and width of the water's path will increase
For a scooter with a negative acceleration, which of the following statements is always true?
The initial velocity of the scooter will be greater than its final velocity
Precision describes
The limitations of the measuring instrument
In general, Fnet equals
The sum of F or EF
As an object falls towards Earth,
The upward acceleration of Earth is negligible because of its large mass.
Measuring temperature would most likely involve which major area in physics?
Thermodynamics
Why do physicists use models?
They are helpful when explaining fundamental features
If the final answer's dimension is to be in length, which of the following operations is correct?
Time x (length/time)
55. An object in free fall
Undergoes a velocity decrease of 9.81 m/s during each second
Which of the following is the equation for the average velocity?
Vavg= delta x/delta t
Assuming no air friction and ay=-g, the horizontal displacement of a projectile depends on the
Vertical component and the horizontal component of its initial velocity
Which of the following line segments on a velocity versus time graph is physically impossible?
Vertical line
The motion of a projectile in free fall is characterized by
Vx= constant and ay= -g
The magnitude of the gravitational force acting on an object is
Weight
Which of the following situations represents a positive displacement of a carton? Assume positive position is measured vertically upward along a y-axis.
When the elevator door opens, the delivery person lifts the dolly over the threshold of the elevator.
A dog walks from +4m to +2m. Which of the following statements is true about the dog's motion?
Xf= +2 m
Which of the following is the equation for acceleration?
a= delta v/ delta t
Which of the displacements, when added in the order given, will yield a displacement equal to d1+d2+d3
d2+d1+d3
In the figure,
d2= 22d4
The red ball's change of velocity during the third second of the demonstration is delta v2-3. What is the change of velocity of the blue ball during this time interval?
delta v2-3
What is the standard abbreviation for seconds?
s
Which of the following equations best describes the graph above? (Straight line)
y=1/2x
A sled weighing 1.0 x 10^2 is held in place on a frictionless 20.0* slope by a rope attached to a stake at the top. The rope is parallel to the slope. What is the normal force acting on the sled?
94 N
A vector has components that lie along the -x-axis and the +y-axis is oriented at angle A measured counterclockwise from the +x-axis. Which of the following ranges give the values of angle A?
90*<A<180*
A boat travels directly across a river that has a downstream current, v. What is true about the perpendicular components of the boat's velocity?
One component is perpendicular to v; the other component equals v.
A skier slides onto a horizontal patch of slushy snow at velocity vskier, and slows to a constant speed without changing direction. Which of the following expressions could be the skier's resulting velocity?
+1/4vskier
A car traveling at the legal speed limit has velocity +Vcar with respect to the road. You are in another car traveling in the opposite direction at the legal speed limit to the road. As the first car approaches you, what is its velocity relative to you?
+2Vcar
If the float has a velocity of +vfloat with respect to the ground, what is the velocity of the clown as observed by the child?
+vfloat
A student walks from the door of the house to the end of the driveway and realizes that he missed the bus. The student runs back to the house, traveling three times as fast. Which of the following is the correct expression for the return velocity if the initial velocity is Vstudent?
-3Vstudent
The velocity of a passenger relative to a boat is -Vpb. The velocity of the boat relative to the river it is moving on is +Vbr. The velocity of the river to the shore is +Vrs. What is the velocity of the passenger relative to the shore? Assume the + direction is east for all observers.
-Vpb + Vbr + Vrs
An object is at rest on an incline. The component of gravity acting downward and along the incline on the object is described as Fg,x = +8.0 N. Which axis is pointing up the decline?
-x-axis
A single force acts on an object. The components of this force act along the +x-axis and -y-axis. The single force that will bring the object into equilibrium has components that act along the
-x-axis and +y-axis
During which interval does the cat have the greatest positive velocity?
0.0-5.0 s
The average mass of a proton is 1.673 x 10^-27 kg. What is this mass in grams?
1.673 x 10^-24 g
The cat has the fastest speed during which interval?
10.0-15.0 s
In question 1, another student chose east as the direction of the +x-axis. At what orientation with respect to the +x-axis should this student draw the vector representing the velocity of the second plane?
15.0* counterclockwise from the +x-axis
The displacement of the blue ball during the time interval 3.0-4.0 s is equal to the displacement of the red ball in which of the following intervals of the demonstration?
2.0-3.0 s
Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: 10.5 x 8.8 x 3.14
2.9 x 10^2
The red ball's velocity at the end of 3.0 seconds is v3. What is the blue ball's velocity at this moment of the demonstration?
2/3v3
Find the resultant of these two vectors: 2.00 x 10^2 units due east and 4.00 x 10^2 units 30.0* north of west.
248 units 53.9* north of west
An ant on a picnic table travels 3.0x10^1 cm eastward, then 25 cm northward, and finally 15 cm westward. What is the magnitude of the ant's displacement relative to its original position?
29 cm
For the five time intervals shown, during how many intervals does the dog pace at the same average speed?
3
Two books are lying next to each other on a library table. The force due to gravity on the first book is 9N and on the second is 13 N. The gravitational force on the table itself is 125 N. The floor supports the table with an upward force of 147 N. In a free-body diagram of the table, how many contact forces and how many field forces should be represented?
3,1
Calculate the following, and express the answer in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures: (0.82+0.042)(4.4x10^3)
3.8 x 10^3
In the free-body diagram shown below, which of the following is the gravitational force acting on the balloon?
4050 N
During which interval is the cat at rest?
5.0-10.0 s
In a diagram, a student draws a vector representing the velocity of a plane traveling at 525 km/h 18.0* east of north as a vector lying along the +x-axis. To represent the velocity of another plane traveling at 478 km/h 75.0* east of north on the diagram, at what orientation with respect to the +x-axis should the student draw this vector?
57.0* clockwise from the +x-axis
There are six books in a stack, and each book weighs 5 N. The coefficient of static friction between the books is 0.2. With what horizontal force must one push to start sliding the top five books off the bottom one?
5N
A jet moves at 500.0 km/h due east is in a region where the wind is moving at 120.0 km/h in a direction 30.00* north of east. What is the speed of the aircraft relative to the ground?
606.9 km/h
A late traveler rushes to catch a plane, pulling a suitcase with a force directed 30.0* above the horizontal. If the horizontal component of the force on the suitcase is 60.6 N, what is the force exerted on the handle?
70.0 N
During a three-part circus stunt, a clown holds a ball. The clown then tossed the ball upward. After releasing it, the ball is caught a few moments later from above by another clown on a trapeze. Which set of data could represent the normal force exerted by the ground on the first clown during the stunt? The force due to gravity on the clown is 680 N and that on the ball is 20 N.
700 N, 705 N, 680 N
A track star in the long jump goes into the jump at 12 m/s and launches herself at 20.0* above the horizontal. What is the magnitude of her horizontal displacement? (Assume no air resistance and that ay= -g= 29.81 m/s^2.)
9.2 m
The accepted value for free-fall acceleration is 9.806 65 m/s^2. Which of the following measurements is the most accurate?
9.808 60 m/s^2
The projection of a vector along the axes of a coordinate system is called
A component of the vector
A force unit is defined as the product of a mass unit and a unit of
Acceleration
In an action-reaction pair, the
Action force and the reaction force act on two different objects
The normal force
Acts perpendicular to a surface
Diagrams are not designed to
Measure an event or a situation
If the x-component of B equals the magnitude of B, then
By equals zero
According to the scientific method, how does a physicist formulate and objectively test hypotheses?
By experiments
What does the symbol (delta)m represent?
Change in mass
A lubricant decreases kinetic friction between surfaces. The most likely reason it reduces kinetic friction is because the lubricant
Changes the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact
In the graph below, at what point is the speed of the ball equal to its speed at B?
D
The jogger is at rest during which interval?
DE
For an object in contact with a given surface, the kinetic friction acting on the object
Depends on the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact
The coefficient of kinetic friction
Depends on the composition and qualities of the surfaces in contact
In a coordinate system, the magnitude of the x component of a vector and feta, the angle between the vector and x-axis are known. The magnitude of the vector equals the x component
Divided by the cosine of feta
A single force acting on an object is represented in a free-body diagram of the object by the following force vector: up arrow. Which of the following force represents a single force acting on the object that will bring the object into equilibrium?
Down arrow
During which of the following intervals is the jogger's motion toward home?
EF and FG
A hiker uses a compass to navigate through the woods. Identify the area of physics that this involves.
Electromagnetism
After making observations and collecting data that leads to a question, a physicist will then
Formulate and test hypotheses by experimentation
The change in the horizontal velocity of a 12-kg scooter is +0.5 m/s. What is the net horizontal force acting on it?
Greater than 0 N
As a basketball player starts to jump for a rebound, the player begins to move upward faster and faster until his shoes leave the floor. At the moment the player begins to jump, the force of the floor on the shoes is
Greater than the player's weight
For an object to be a projectile, it must be in free fall and its initial velocity must
Have a horizontal component
Which of the following statements describe free-body diagrams? I. Force diagrams show force vectors as arrows II. Forces exerted on the object are represented III. Forces exerted by the object are represented
I and II
The graph below shows the motion of four objects. Which of the following lines represent an object in free fall? Assume positive velocity is upward.
I and III
A baby drops a ball from her hand resting on the serving tray of her high chair. Simultaneously, she knocks another ball from the same tray. Which of the following statements are true? I. Both balls strike the ground at the same time. II. the dropped ball reaches the ground first. III. The knocked ball reaches the ground first. IV. Both balls strike the ground at the same speed.
I only
Which of the following statements are true about the concept of field forces? I. Field forces can be exerted by objects that are in physical contact. II. Field forces can be exerted by objects that are not in contact. III. There are four fundamental field forces
I, II, and III
Which of the following statements describe an object in equilibrium? I. The object is at rest II. The object is moving at a constant velocity III. The net external force on the object is zero
I, II, and III
Which of the following statements describe force diagrams? I. Force diagrams show force vectors as arrows II. Forces exerted on the object are represented III. Forces exerted by the object are represented
I, II, and III
Which of the following statements are true about Fs,max in the equations us= Fs,max/Fn? I. Fs,max is exerted perpendicular to the surfaces in contact. II. Fs,max represents the maximum value of the force of static friction III. On a level surface, the magnitude of Fs,maX equals the magnitude of the applied force that starts the object moving
II and III
Rank in decreasing order the distances traveled by objects having the following pairs of average velocity and time of motion. I. Vavg=+2.0 m/s, delta t= 2.0 s II. Vavg=+3.0 m/s, delta t= 2.0 s III. Vavg=-3.0 m/s, delta t= 3.0 s
II,III,I
The average acceleration is the ratio of which of the following quantities?
delta v: delta t
Of the following are units of abbreviations excepts which one?
delta y
The gravitational force exerted on an object would most likely be represented by which force vector?
down arrow
In a school playground, a child runs 5 m in the x-direction and then 2.0 m in the y-direction. Which of the following expressions represents the magnitude of the child's resultant displacement?
radical (5m)^2 + (2m)^2
The final velocity of an object undergoes free fall from rest is proportional to
radical (delta x)
If the change in position delta x is related to velocity v (with units of m/s) in the equation delta x=Av, the constant A has which dimension?
s
Which of the following equations best describes the graph above? (Parabola)
y=x^2+1
