H.O.P.E

Contemporary or modern ballet

"MAINLY USES BALLET STEPS AND MORE NATURAL MOVEMENT to convey meaning" (Castle, 1998).

Evaluating a Good Dance

1. Choreographers 2. Dancers 3. Audiences

Stages in Assessing a Dance (Dance Critique)

1. Description 2. Interpretation 3. Evaluation

Choreographic Forms in Dance

1. Sequential forms 2. Contrapuntal forms 3. Episodic Form 4. Other compositional Forms

Reasons why people still dance

1. To please Gods 2. To please others 3. Self- expression 4. To build community within an ethnic group or social Interaction

Three major regional classification of Philippine Folk Dances

1. Tribal Dances from the Cordilleras 2. Lowland Christian Dances 3. Muslim Dances

Characteristics of a Good Dance

1. Unity 2. Continuity and Development 3. Variety and Contrast 4. Transition 5. Repetition 6. Climax

Composition of a Ballet Class

1. Warm up 2. Barre Exercises 3. Center Work Exercises 4. Corner drills (grand allegro)

Fugue or Accumulation

A CHOREOGRAPHIC FORM THAT IS CONSTRUCTED by adding on different movement or dance phrases in every repetition of the main movement theme.

Theme/Motif

A good dance contains a ____ to be able to CONVEY ITS MEANING OR INTENTION to the audience.

Episodic Form

ARE NOT MUSICAL FORMS; instead, they are found in literature. They TELL A STORY through connected and progressive sections called episodes.

Folk Dance

Are the INDIGENOUS DANCES of any specific "folk" or the common people.

Symmetrical Bodily Shape

Balanced shape; movements are PRACTICALLY IDENTICAL or similar on both sides

Cultural Benefit

Benefits of Dance -> Dance PROMOTES A PLACE OR COUNTRY'S RICH CULTURE through showcasing the different cultural dances

Mental/Emotional Benefit

Benefits of Dance -> Dance can offer "AN ACCEPTABLE WAY TO RELEASE EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL PRESSURE"

Social Benefit

Benefits of Dance -> Dance provides a unique OPPORTUNITY FOR MEANINGFUL GROUP INVOLVEMENT as it encourages intense, positive social interaction and interpersonal relationships in a working group

Physical Benefit

Benefits of Dance -> When done regularly, DANCING IS A GOOD WAY TO DEVELOP CARDIOVASCULAR AND MUSCULAR ENDURANCE, body composition as well as balance and flexibility

ABA (three-part) form

COMPOSED OF INTRODUCTORY THEME (A), a contrasting theme (B), and a restatement of the original theme (A).

Corner drills (grand allegro)

CONSIST OF SEQUENCE OF STEPS COMBINING BIG JUMPS, leaps and turns which cover large areas and put the demands on the body's strength, endurance, and control. These exercises are done moving across the dance floor or rehearsal area.

Round or Canon

CONSISTS OF TWO OR MORE MOVEMENT PHRASES OR THEME in which the main movement phrases is imitated exactly and completely by successive movements, but DONE IN STAGGERED MANNER

Collage

Consists of "A SERIES OF MOVEMENT PHRASES THAT ARE OFTEN UNRELATED but have been brought together to create a single dance with a beginning, a middle, and an end.

Lowland Christian Dances

DANCES COMING FROM PLACES WITH WESTERN INFLUENCES such as that of the Tagalogs, Ilokanos, etc. These dances are influenced by Hispanic and European cultures.

Muslim Dances

DANCES FROM THE PEOPLE OF THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS of the Philippines such as in Mindanao and Sulu. These dances are influenced by Arabic and Indo-Malayan cultures.

Game dances

DERIVATIONS from local folk GAMES

Tableau

DIFFERENT MOVEMENT PHRASES are performed by different dancers SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE SAME SPACE

Good Dance

DISPLAYS A SIGNIFICANT MEANING or conveys a message. Sometimes, it also portrays life experiences. A good dance lifts and transports the audience form their seats during the performance

Direction

Dance movements can TRAVEL IN ANY DIRECTION

Round Dance

Dancers hold each other by hand, FORMING A LONG CHAIN and move about in an open or closed circle, or in an extended line

Life-cycle dances

Dances RELATING TO THE CYCLE OF HUMAN life such as birthing, courtship, wedding, and funeral. Examples are Binasuan (Pangasinan) and Daling-daling (muslim courtship dance from Sulu)

Ritual and Ceremonial dances

Dances performed as PART OF THE RITUALS AND CEREMONIES of a certain tribe or group of people

Ritual dances

Dances that DEPICT CEREMONIES. Examples are Dugso (Bukidnon) and Pagdidiwata (Palawan)

Occupational dances

Dances that EXHIBIT WORK AND OCCUPATION of the dancers. Examples are Mag-Asik (Cotabato) and Mananagat (Cebu) dances.

War dances

Dances that EXPRESS FEUD AND ENMITY wherein two male dancers engage in physical combat with Spartan-like intensity.

Social amenities dance

Dances that EXPRESS SOCIAL GRACES, hospitality, and offerings of gifts to friends.

Mimetic or Drama dance

Dances that MIMIC ANIMALS, inanimate objects, or other people.

Festival dances

Dances that are either EITHER RELIGIOUS OR SECULAR and are connected with the celebration of recurring events of special significance

Occupational dances

Dances that depict the means of LIVELIHOOD OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE.

Life-cycle dances

Dances that serve as RITUAL AS ONE PASSES TO A DIFFERENT STAGE IN LIFE such as from birth to childhood to adulthood; from singlehood to marriage; and from life to death

Suite

Every section of the dance (beginning, middle, and end) USE DIFFERENT TEMPOS AND QUALITIES.

Basic Dance Positions in Ballet

First Position Second Position Third Position Fourth Position Fifth Position

First Position

HANDS IN A CIRCULAR POSITION in front of the ribs. Turn the legs out from the top down to the heels making sure the feet do not roll inwards The heels are touching and the toes are turned out to the side.

Peasants' dances

Have LARGE MOVEMENTS and wide stepping figures this is also because or the nature of their clothing.

Contrapuntal forms

Here, SEVERAL THEMES ARE WOVEN together in choreography to form a complex structure.

Joke and trickster dances

INCLUDE JOKES OR TRICKS played by a dancer on another or a group of dancers who is one of them.

Tribal Dances from the Cordilleras

INCLUDE NON-CHRISTIAN DANCES FROM THE CORDILLERAS

Rondo form (ABACA)

In this form, THE UNIFYING THEME (A) returns after each contrasting theme.

Interpretation

Involves AN APPRECIATION OF THE IDEAS, content, images, and style contained within the dance

Description

Involves CLOSE OBSERVATION OF ALL THE ELEMENTS, characteristics, and components of a dance as described in the previous sections of this worktext.

Dance

Is an ART OF RHYTHMIC BODILY MOVEMENTS that projects ordered sequence moving visual patterns of line, solid shape, and color.

Repetition

It EMPHASIZES MOVEMENTS AND PHRASES that are important to the dance and gives a feeling of closure to a work

Bodily Shapes

It refers to how the is MOLDED IN SPACE or the configuration of body parts

Warm up

LIMBERING AND STRETCHING EXERCISES that warm and gently stretch the muscles before trying the difficult moves

Variety and Contrast

Making one or several variations that HIGHLIGHT THE FACET of the motif

Folk Dances

May be CLASSIFIED BY GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT OF ORIGIN, nature, speed of movement, formation, and distinguishing feature.

Natural structures

Mostly come from ____ such as the SEASONS, LIFE, CYCLES, AND EVERYDAY LIFE experiences

Swinging

Movements TRACE A CURVED LINE OR AN ARC in space. The movements are relaxed and giving in to gravity on the downward part of the motion, followed by an upward application of energy

Sustained

Movements are DONE SMOOTHLY, CONTINUOUSLY , and with flow and control. It does not have a clear beginning and ending

Percussive

Movements are EXPLOSIVE OR SHARP in contrast with sustained movements. They are accented with thrust energy. They clear beginning and ending.

Suspended

Movements are PERCHED IN SPACE or hanging on air.

Collapsing

Movements are RELEASED IN TENSION and gradually or abruptly giving in to gravity, letting the body descend to the floor. A slow collapse can be described as a melting or oozing action in a downward direction.

Level

Movements can be DONE IN A HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW LEVEL.

Size

Movements can be varied by DOING LARGER OR SMALLER ACTIONS.

Vibratory

Movements consists of TREMBLING OR SHAKING. A faster version of percussive movements that produces a jittery effect

Second Position

OPEN ARMS TO A ROUNDED POSITION with the hands lower than the shoulders. Stand with the feet at shoulder-width apart. Distribute the body weight evenly on both legs. The feet are still turned out.

Focus

Performers may change their focus by LOOKING AT DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS.

Ground bassSINGLE THEME STARTS

SINGLE THEME STARTS THE DANCE and is repeated all the way through the dance while other contrasting themes are simultaneously performed with it

Barre Exercises

THE STUDENTS HOLD ON TO A BARRE to help maintain balance and correct placement of the body. Exercises include variations of bending and stretching small movements of the legs which gradually increase in range of motion and tempo as the leg is lifted from the floor.

Evaluation

Takes into CONSIDERATION HOW EFFECTIVELY THE FEATUREs (i.e., elements, characteristics) and the context of the dance have been utilized in the actual performance of the dancers to portray the content and the quality of the dance.

Unity

The INTERCONNECTED PHRASES of the dance are coherent and flow smoothly together

Theme and Variations form

The MOTIF IS A SERIES OF MOVEMENTS to which variations are added throughout the development if the entire choreography

AB (two-part) form

The SIMPLEST OF THE SEQUENTIAL FORMS and is similar to a verse and a chorus of a song

Form

The instrument by which IDEAS AND ELEMENTS ARE ARRANGED or combined into a logical sequence which results in unity and consistency, and by means of which the content or idea can be expressed and communicated.

Chance

The movement phrases ARE PERFORMED IN RANDOM ORDER AND SPATIAL PLACING

Dance Energies

The movements here PROPELLED BY ENERGY OR FORCE. A force can either initiate or stop an action.

Timing

The movements in timing may be EXECUTED IN VARYING TEMPO (speed). Performers move with the tempo of an underlying sound, known as beat or pulse.

Continuity and Development

The phrases of the dance that are ORGANIZED PROGRESSIVELY, making each movement phrase move naturally into the next

Sequential forms

These forms contains motif/theme which PROGRESS IN A SPECIFIC ORDER. They are arranged accordingly

Choreographers

They will EVALUATE A PART OF AN ONGOING PROCESS of developing a personal style which is both spontaneous and organized

Audiences

They will EVALUATE ACCORDING TO THE PARTICULAR CONTEXT of the dance

Dancers

They will EVALUATE ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC DEMANDS that the performance places on them

Space

This is the AREA THE PERFORMERS OCCUPY and where they move

Transition

This is the LINK BETWEEN MOVEMENTS, phrases, and sections of the dance

Climax

This is where THE APEX OF ENERGY in the dance is reached

Round Dance and Couple Dance

Two basic types of dancing PERFORMED BY PEASANTS

Asymmetrical Bodily Shape

Unbalanced shape; movements of two sides of the body do not match or COMPLETELY DIFFERENT from each other.

Couple Dance

Was not as popular as round dance as it WAS CONSIDERED SCANDALOUS when first seen.

Noblemen's and women's dance steps

Were limited to gliding, curtseying and posing because of their nature of clothing

Sequential forms

a. AB (two-part) form b. ABA (three-part) form c. Rondo form (ABACA) d. Theme and Variations form

Contrapuntal forms

a. Ground bass b. Round or Canon c. Fugue or Accumulation d. Suite

Types of Ethnic Dances

a. Ritual dances b. Life-cycle dances c. Occupational dances

Center Work Exercises

after the barre exercises, the STUDENTS MOVE TO THE CENTER OF THE ROOM to do more stretching and relaxing exercises to loosen the back and the muscles in other parts of the body which have worked hard in the previous exercises

Classical ballet

is KNOWN FOR ITS EXACTNESS OF TECHNIQUE that highlights pointed toes and turnouts, high extensions and gracefulness (Velardi, 2012).

Phrase

the SMALLEST UNIT OF FORM in the whole dance. Commonly, a single phrase consists of eight counts.

Ballet

was TAKEN FROM THE ITALIAN WORD BALLERE, meaning to dance and balio, referring to dances performed in a ballroom

Renaissance

• Church was the sole custodian of learning, education and source of morals. • When the first Christian emperors came, theatrical entertainment was prohibited • Dance still existed and was performed within the Church during religious ceremonies • The Christian fathers approved the use of dance, provided that its form and intent were holy and profound • Dance became part of worships and dance services • Marked the beginning of Social Dancing • The peasants performed two basic types of dancing: round dance and couple dance • In round dance, dancers hold each other by hand, forming a long chain and move about in an open or closed circle, or in an extended line • In couple dance, at that time, was not as popular as round dance as it was considered scandalous when first seen. • Nobility soon followed (more refined and courtly form) • Noblemen's and women's dance steps were limited to gliding, curtseying and posing because of their nature of clothing • Peasants' dances, in contrast, have large movements and wide stepping figures this is also because or the nature of their clothing.

Ancient Egypt

• Dance become full blown and was richly recorded. • It was reflected in their wall paintings, relief, and in the literary record in hieroglyphs • A medium of religious expression • Ancient Greeks also thought highly of dance • It was closely linked with other kind experiences • As an aid to military education among the boys of Athens and Sparta. • Also a form of entertainment. • Used in Education • Plato - 2 Kinds of Dances : Noble (fine and honourable), Ignoble (Ugly)

Ancient Roman

• Gave less importance to dance • It stopped valuing such qualities in arts. • They ceased to create and perform within the arts. • Dance became brutal and sensationalized as their entertainers were slaves and captives. • Dance became an integral part of the corruption in the Roman empire, resulting in the condemnation of dance by early Christians.

Dance

• It differs from athletics. • It focuses primarily on "an aesthetic or even entertaining experience" • It provided variety of functions due to its multidimensionality.

Benefits of Dance and Creative Movement

• Physical • Mental/Emotional • Social • Cultural

Pre-Historic period

• Religious ritual and social expression • Expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and strength • For courtship and mating • For worship, communication and therapeutic experience. • The first use of dance was a gesture in order to communicate. • They hoped would appease the forces of nature or give them new powers of their own. • "Man danced originally to supplicate the gods on all important occasions of life". (Kraus And Gaufman,1981)