HORT 1103 QUIZZES 1-27

Impacts of invasive plants on our environment include:

All of the above (They displace native plant species and the animals that use them, They alter ecosystem processes and reduce ecosystem health and productivity, They reduce biodiversity)

Why are insects important in horticulture?

All of the above (They feed on the plants we are growing, They pollinate the plants we are growing, They help control pests

What makes a plant invasive?

All of the above (They tolerate a wide variety of habitat conditions, They grow FAST, They leaf out early, They lack natural enemies, They produce a lot of seed, They compete for resources with native plants)

Examples of invasive species include:

All of the above (Feral hogs, Emerald Ash Borer, Chestnut Blight Fungus)

Which of these traits is part of the Domestication Syndrome?

All of the above (Reduced seed dormancy, Gigantism of harvested organs, Non-shattering seed)

Apple rootstocks are used to modify tree

All of the above (Size, Fruit sweetness, Pest resistance)

How do insects damage our crops?

All of the above (They defoliate leaf material, They feed on the developing fruit, They bore into the stem and branches of the plant, They cause leaves to become distorted and misshapen)

What are the Three Sisters in Cherokee Nation lexicon?

Corn, beans, and squash grown together

Which one of the following is not an environmental benefit of green roofs?

Creating habitat for underground animals

Green Roofs provide more environmental benefits than trees and they should take priority over planting trees.

False

Green roofs are an example of hard engineering.

False

Green roofs require little to no maintenance.

False

The Arkansas Darter, a fish discovered at Wilson Springs in 1979, needs dark, cave-like habitat.

False

The forbidden fruit tree in the garden of Eden was likely an apple tree, assuming that Eden was in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Middle East).

False

Which of the following is NOT a horticultural crop?

Soybeans

Bacterial wilt affected which species of the three sisters?

Squash

An Ethnobiologist is someone who studies the dynamic relationship between people and their environment.

True

An easy way to elevate the humidity around leafy cuttings is to use a plastic bag or clear bottle placed over cuttings to trap moisture in the rooting substrate.

True

Broccoli and cabbage are in the same plant family.

True

Budding or grafting is a vegetative propagation method used frequently in the production of fruit and ornamental trees.

True

Bugs (arthropods) are animals.

True

Bugs evolved and were successful on this planet long before Humans evolved.

True

Butter or other food containing fats can neutralize capsaicin in the mouth.

True

Capsaicin evolved as a protective mechanism to discourage mammals from eating fruit.

True

Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs a lot of blue and red light relative to green light.

True

Climate can effect heat levels in chili peppers.

True

Grafting and budding are examples of asexual or vegetative propagation.

True

High-performance liquid chromatography directly measures capsaicin content in chili peppers.

True

Insects generally have 6 legs.

True

It is estimated that historically Arkansas had over 1 million acres in tallgrass prairie, and possible much more.

True

Jennifer Ogle is the Collections Manager at the UARK Herbarium, as well as being a published author.

True

The majority of the UA Herbarium is metal cabinets, housing plant specimens, protecting the collection from insect and light damage.

True

The original purpose of the Cherokee Nation Seed Bank was genetic preservation of plants, which also provided food to tribe members (aka cultural preservation).

True

Chili pepper and black pepper come from the same plant.

False

Early agriculturists were taller and healthier than hunter-gatherers.

False

What are the 'Three P's' of beneficial insects?

Predators, Parasitoids, Pollinators

Wilson Springs is a restored wetland behind Sam's Club in Fayetteville.

True

Robotic strawberry pickers are projected to replace how many harvest laborers?

30

There will be a 10 point quiz after ever HORT 1103 class section. How many of your lowest quiz scores will be dropped when calculating your final grade?

4

What percent of all known species of animals are bugs (arthropods)?

80-100%

The global human population is expected to reach _____ by 2050?

9 billion

According to Feather Smith, Mother Nature never cooperates, and presents these challenges:

All of the above (Droughts, Floods, Late Freezes, Animals)

Which of these was proposed as a possible trigger for the invention of agriculture?

A,B,C (Population growth, Climate change, Seasonal food shortages)

Examples of invasive plant species include:

All of the above (Bradford pear, Burning bush, Winter creeper)

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of a Horticultural plant?

All of the above (Variety in shape, color, form, aroma, and flavor within species; High value and benefit; Intensively managed and very perishable)

Which group of animals is considered an arthropod?

All of the above are arthropods (Crustaceans - Crab, shrimp, lobsters, etc., Myriapods - Milipedes and centipedes, Chelicerates - Spiders, scorpions, mites, etc., Insects)

Why is entomology/horticulture a good career?

All of the above are reasons that entomology/horticulture are good careers (Bugs cause billions of dollars of losses each year, Pollinators are valued at $14 billion a year in the US, Insects and plants are awesome!)

Which of the following locations is not one of the four main Centers of Crop Domestication?

Australia

Apples are pollinated primarily by:

Bees

What insect has been used as farm labor to deliver bio-fungicides?

Bees

Historically, Ozark Chinquapin was an important tree to the Cherokee Nation, but was wiped out by this:

Blight

When a leaf senescences, the starch and other compounds are:

Broken down and transferred into the roots and shoots

The leading country in apple production is:

China

What is the chemical compound that gives a pepper its fire?

Capsaicin

Currently, the world's hottest chili pepper at 2.48 million SHU is _____________.

Carolina Reaper

Yellow leaf color is caused by the production of:

Carotenoids

In 1493 Columbus brought the first _______ back to the Old World when he returned from his second voyage.

Corn

Because apple trees can self-pollinate, you only need a single tree on your property to produce apples.

False

The most widely grown apple in the US is:

Delicious

Which of these foods was determined to be a part of the diet of Otzi, the 5300 year old mummy found in the Italian Alps?

Einkorn wheat

Which of these contains the lowest genetic diversity?

Elite cultivars

All anthocyanin's are red.

False

All carotenoids are yellow.

False

HORT 1103 Plants, People, and You is an intensive, scientific study of horticulture and students are expected to have a strong background in botany and chemistry when taking this course.

False

Japanese maples are most commonly grown commercially from seed since the seeds will produce plants identical to the parent plant.

False

Materials used to install green roofs have not changed since they were originally used in the Viking Ages.

False

Most of the important centers of crop domestication were located in rainforest biomes.

False

Most ornamental shrub varieties (cultivars) are propagated by seed since the seedlings are genetically identical to the parent plant.

False

Seed propagation is a type of asexual, or vegetative, plant propagation.

False

Spaghetti with tomato-based marinara sauce was the foundation of most people diets in Ancient Rome.

False

Specialty crops are lower in value and have lower labor costs than row crops.

False

Ozark Green Roof installed a green roof on a public library in which NWA city?

Fayetteville

A common bacterial pathogen/disease of apples is:

Fire blight

Examples of specialty crops are:

Fruits, vegetables, and nuts

Which of the following components is least likely to be used as a substrate for rooting cuttings?

Garden Soil

Which of the following types of green roofs has a thicker soil profile and can therefore grow plants with a deeper roof system?

Intensive

The green roof at Uptown Apartments is a MODULAR or BUILT UP green roof system?

Modular

Which of the following reasons will allow a HORT 1103 student to makeup a quiz that was missed?

None of the above

Green roofs were first used as a roofing material in what part of the world?

Northern Europe - Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Faroe Islands

Pigments play an important physiological role in:

Photosynthesis

Capsaicin is located in glands in what part of a chili fruit?

Placenta

One who studies fruit such as apples is known as a:

Pomologists

Heat content in chili pepper is measured in:

Scoville Heat Units

Fall coloration is triggered by:

Shorter day length

What is the heaviest component of most green roofs and has a major impact on how well the plants will thrive?

Soil or growing medium

In the US, which season are apples harvested in?

Summer and Fall

What are the 3 (three) missions of a Land Grant University, such as the University of Arkansas?

Teaching, Research, and Outreach

Which federal act of congress was passed in 1862 to provide funding to establish and agricultural college in every state?

The Morrill Act

What does the term 'Land Grant' refer to with regard to establishing and agricultural college?

The college was established from funds raised by selling federal lands

All chili peppers originated in the New World.

True

Objects appear to be a certain color because:

They reflect the light of that color

Historically, members of the Cherokee Nation used American blanket flower for darts. Which plant do the use now?

Thistle

A good rule of thumb for identifying poison ivy is 'leaves of three, let it be'.

True

According to Feather Smith, corn is easy to grow.

True

None of the worlds major staple crops were domesticated in what is now the United States.

True

One of the keys to successful rooting of cuttings is to maintain the relative humidity around the leaves/stems as much as possible.

True

One way insects decrease our food is by making it unmarketable.

True

Plants such as African violet, mother-in-law's tongue, and begonia can often be propagated easily by cuttings.

True

Red leaf color develops because anthocyanin is newly synthesized while chlorophyll is broken down.

True

The Cherokee Nation was originally located in parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

True

The Horticulture discipline includes Science, Art, Technology, Business, Art, and Hobby.

True

The literal (etymological) meaning of Horticulture is to cultivate (care for) garden plants.

True

The position on a stem where leaves/buds are attached is called the node.

True

The subspecies of elk that grazed Arkansas for millennia is now extinct.

True

There are county extension offices in all 75 counties in Arkansas.

True

What technology can be used to kill powdery mildew and gray mold in greenhouses and fields?

UV Light

Fruit and vegetables are important sources of what?

Vitamins and minerals

The leading state in apple production is:

Washington

Phototropism is:

What causes a plant to grow toward light

The color of anthocyanin is strongly affected by:

pH