HORT 200E - Module 5-8 Questions

The best time to prune for floral display is... A) ...right before the plant blooms. B) ...soon after the plants have finished blooming. C) ...during the winter. D) ...late fall.

B) ...soon after the plants have finished blooming.

As a rule of thumb, its best not to remove more than ________ amount of the LIVE plant material, when pruning. A) 50% B) 25% C) 90% D) 10%

B) 25%

How wide should the plant hole be dug for a shrub or tree? A) No more than 2-4 wider than the width of the container or ball. B) At least twice the width of the container or ball. C) Slightly wider than the width of the container or ball.

B) At least twice the width of the container or ball.

Which of the following beverage crops go through some form of fermentation part of processing for human consumption? (select ALL that apply) A) Yam B) Black tea C) Coffee D) Cacao

B) Black tea C) Coffee D) Cacao

What type of fruit grows on a Coffee plant? A) Achene B) Drupe C) Nut D) Pome

B) Drupe

Which of the following are common reasons for grafting apples? (Check ALL that apply) A) To encourage genetic diversity. B) Height control...mostly apples. C) Soil diseases that affect roots. D) Plants that don't root well from cuttings

B) Height control...mostly apples. C) Soil diseases that affect roots. D) Plants that don't root well from cuttings

In the US, we do not grow tea plants, however we do grow a plant that is a cousin to the plant from which we harvest black tea. The US cousin to tea is .... A) Azalea B) Japanese Camellia C) Rhododendron D) Neem Tree

B) Japanese Camellia

(select ALL that apply) to practices recommended when pruning large trees. A) make the cut straight down from the bark ridge, into the collar region. B) Make the cut at the bark ridge and cut at an angle away from the tree to protect the collar. C) Start cutting just out form the bark ridge to leave a small stub to encourage the tree wound response. D) Use a high quality tree wound paint to protect the wound.

B) Make the cut at the bark ridge and cut at an angle away from the tree to protect the collar.

A banana is classified as a ... A) annual B) perennial herb C) shrub D) fruit tree

B) perennial herb

Grafting a Japanese maple requires a top and a bottom component, respectively called the... A) cutting:rootstock B) scion:rootstock C) bud:shoot D) leaf:stem

B) scion:rootstock

When preparing a hole for planting shrubs, the current recommendation is to... A) ...add copious amounts of compost to the backfill soil. B) ...dig the hole twice as deep as the root ball. C) ...add no amendments to the backfill soil. D) ...add peat moss to the backfill soil.

C) ...add no amendments to the backfill soil.

Assuming cold hardiness (USDA Hardiness Zones) is a non-issue, the two most important site considerations in tree selection in urban areas are... A) ...bark thickness and soil volume. B) ...leaf color and tree height. C) ...amount of sunlight and soil water drainage. D) ...amount of sunlight and presence of berries.

C) ...amount of sunlight and soil water drainage.

The overall best time to prune a large tree is... A) ...spring. B) ...mid-summer. C) ...late winter, just before growth starts. D) ...late fall

C) ...late winter, just before growth starts.

In general, in urban areas, large trees grow... A) ...very tall. B) ... just as wide as trees in suburban settings.. C) ...proportionately to the volume of available soil. D) ...at a faster rate due to the heat buildup from the surrounding buildings.

C) ...proportionately to the volume of available soil.

Thoroughly watering a newly planted shrub is don to... A) ...kill disease in the soil and ensure the leaves do not get dry. B) ...help the plant acclimate to its new surroundings and drown any insects that might be in the soil around the plant. C) ...remove air pockets around roots to ensure plant roots do not dry out.

C) ...remove air pockets around roots to ensure plant roots do not dry out.

In banana production, how many daughter (not including grand daughter) plants are typically left to grow to a full plant? A) 2 B) 3 C) 1 D) Multiple

C) 1

Bananas are primarily propagated by A) Stem cuttings B) Leaf cutting C) Dividing rhizomes D) Seed

C) Dividing rhizomes

Which of the following best describes the difference between fruit and vegetable production? A) Most fruits start flowering bearing fruit in the first year, just like vegetables B) Fruits are susceptible to diseases, but vegetables are not. C) Fruits are perennials so they require more long-term planning. D) Most fruits are grown as annual plants.

C) Fruits are perennials so they require more long-term planning.

What does the the term pot-in-pot in the nursery world? A) Growing trees B&B. B) Growing trees to be sold bare root C) Growing trees in a container that is set into a slightly larger container that remains in the ground. D) Growing shrubs and trees in a double container to help hold the weight of the plant.

C) Growing trees in a container that is set into a slightly larger container that remains in the ground.

What is the most commonly used material for covering greenhouses in the US? A) Glass B) Fiberglass (rigid panels) C) Polyethylene (plastic) D) Polycarbonate (rigid plastic)

C) Polyethylene (plastic)

Cassava originates from ... A) North America B) SE Asia C) South America D) Africa

C) South America

Which of the following fruits is typically treated as an annual in the US? A) Orange B) Blueberry C) Strawberry D) Grape

C) Strawberry

Peaches are known to be challenging for backyard growers for many reasons. What is ONE reason peaches could be considered good for backyards? A) They are not susceptible to many diseases. B) Peaches are not prone to frost damage. C) They are self-pollinating. D) Peaches are native to Georgia.

C) They are self-pollinating

Yams are propagated by planting ... A) a stem cutting B) a small plant C) a piece of the root D) a seeded

C) a piece of the root

In general, in the southeast, the majority of tree roots of large trees grow... A) ...several feet deep. B) ...close to the main trunk. C) ...out to the drip line of the tree. D) ...8-12 inches deep.

D) ...8-12 inches deep.

Tree protection around construction sites is all about protecting the... A) ...tree leaves. B) ...tree trunk. C) ...tree branches. D) ...critical root zone.

D) ...critical root zone.

A clone... A) ...provides an opportunity for genetic variation. B) ...is the result of sexual reproduction. C) ...requires either pollination or fertilization. D) ...is a genetic duplicate.

D) ...is a genetic duplicate.

The most important environmental condition to manage for extending the life of a harvested horticulture crop is... A) ...ethylene. B) ...carbon dioxide. C) ...light. D) ...temperature.

D) ...temperature.

Approximately how much (percentage) produce is wasted from time of harvest in the field to post-consumption? A) 9% B) 10% C) 90% D) 50%

D) 50%

Yams are native to ... A) Mediterranean Region B) Central America C) South America D) Africa and Asia

D) Africa and Asia

In terms of highest amount of light emission, what is the best material to use for covering greenhouses? A) Polyethylene (plastic) B) Polycarbonate (rigid plastic) C) Fiberglass (rigid panels) D) Glass

D) Glass

Plant breeders make use of sexual propagation to .... A) Make clones of parents B) Insure offspring are the same as the parents C) To create duplicates of the parent. D) Make intentional crosses of parents to produce likely different offspring.

D) Make intentional crosses of parents to produce likely different offspring.

Most houseplants die from ____________? A) Lack of water B) Lack of fertilizer C) Too much love D) Overwatering

D) Overwatering

Fruits grown in Georgia do not have a vernalization requirement.

False

In general, it's cheaper to plant an acre of fruit plants than an acre of vegetables.

False

Plantains and bananas are the same species, the name difference refers to the stage at which they are eaten...plantains unripe...bananas ripe.

False

Sweet potatoes and yams are basically the same thing, sweet potatoes are just a little sweeter than yams.

False

Topping is an acceptable tree pruning practive.

False

Trees and shrubs can be pruned anytime of year so long as you make the proper cuts

False

Wound paint and sprays are effective treatments for serious wounds and cuts.

False

California essentially produces all (90%+) of the US crop of both almonds and walnuts.

True

Cassava contains a compound that is poisonous if eaten without proper preparation.

True

Corn and broccoli are two vegetables that are packed in ice to reduce the field heat and keep them cool.

True

Essentially all North American fruit trees are grafted.

True

In a way, seed dormancy is a survival mechanism for plants.

True

It is best to firm up the seed bed, usually by rolling, and cover the seed with wheat, when sowing grass seed

True

It is generally not recommended to put fertilizer in the planting hole when planting, other than adjusting the soil pH

True

More and more vegetables are being grown on black or white plastic.

True

Most greenhouse crops grown by commercial growers are high-dollar crops due to the expense to build and maintain a greenhouse.

True

One of the biggest apple growing regions in the US is the Wenatchee Valley region of Washington.

True

Rabbiteye blueberries are well-suited to most home landscapes because they relatively pest-free, don't grow too large, and are adapted to Georgia landscapes.

True

Root bound roots are often cut with a sharp object or broken apart when planting to encourage the roots to grow away from the planting hole.

True

Soft wood cuttings are taken during the early season of plant growth.

True

Tea, coffee and cacao are all "shade-loving" crops.

True

The green industry utilizes a plastic containers listed as either 1, 3, or 5 gallons in size for landscape shrubs, but there is no real uniformity in the exact size or shape, therefor its hard to compare plants grown in a 3-gallon container, for example.

True

The mowing for all turf grasses varies considerably.

True

The part of the plant we eat of yams, sweet potatoes, and cassava is the root.

True

The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) in greenhouses has been shown to increase the photosynthetic rate of plants.

True

horizontal branches are structurally stronger than more upright branches.

True

the more common houseplants we grow come from either arid regions (aloe) or tropical regions (palms)

True

Researchers and commercial growers who are actively breeding plants will use which of the following practices or production methods? (Check ALL that apply) -Isolate crops to control wind pollination. -Manually transfer pollen from one plant to another. -Tissue culture to generate large numbers of clones. -Plant two different cultivars next to each other to intentionally encourage cross pollination.

-Isolate crops to control wind pollination. -Manually transfer pollen from one plant to another. -Tissue culture to generate large numbers of clones. -Plant two different cultivars next to each other to intentionally encourage cross pollination.

Which of the following environmental conditions are best for the early stages of vegetative propagation? (Select all that apply) -Shade -Warm temperature -Low humidity -High humidity

-Shade -warm temperature -high humidity

A liner is nursery jargon for ... (select the best answer) A) ... a small rooted cutting that is sold to another nursery to be grown out to a marketable size. B) ... the container left in the grown for pot-in-pot production C) ... a tree grown in the soil and sold B&B D) ... a small plant sold primarily to homeowners.

A) ... a small rooted cutting that is sold to another nursery to be grown out to a marketable size.

When discussing seed, the term viability means ... A) ... the ability to germinate B) ... the length of time a seed can be stored. C) ... how strong the new plant will be. D) ... how many seed will germinate.

A) ... the ability to germinate

Simply defined, a seed is ... (Check ALL that apply) A) ... the best (natural) way to get variation in offspring. B) --- the result of sexual propagation, either natural or assisted by humans. C) ... an undeveloped plant. D) ... a guaranteed clone of the parent

A) ... the best (natural) way to get variation in offspring. B) --- the result of sexual propagation, either natural or assisted by humans. C) ... an undeveloped plant.

The most common warm season turf grass in the southeast is... A) ...a non-native from Africa. B) ...bluegrass. C) ...zoysia. D) ...fescue.

A) ...a non-native from Africa.

Which of the following nut crops are considered to be a drupe? (Select ALL that apply) A) Almond B) Hazelnut C) Pistachio D) Pecan

A) Almond B) Hazelnut C) Pistachio D) Pecan

Which of the following are considered acceptable locations on a plant to make a pruning cut? (Select ALL that apply) A) At point of branch attachment B) Just above a node C) At the ground D) Anywhere along the stem as long as the cut is made at the right time of year. E) Somewhere between nodes or branches.

A) At point of branch attachment B) Just above a node C) At the ground

Which ONE of the following grasses is the most drought tolerant? A) Bermuda Grass B) Bluegrass C) Fescue D) Bentgrass

A) Bermuda Grass

Most commercial fruit growers purchase trees for planting their orchards that are... (select all that apply) A) Grafted B) Bare root C) Asexually propagated D) B&B

A) Grafted B) Bare root C) Asexually propagated

A bunch of bananas is often called a .... A) Hand B) Daughter C) Grand Daughter D) Finger

A) Hand

Which of the following plant parts can be use to vegetatively propagate plants? (Check ALL that apply) A) Leaves or leaf parts. B) Plant cells. C) Stems D) Roots

A) Leaves or leaf parts. B) Plant cells. C) Stems D) Roots

Select ALL the characteristics (there are more than one) that apply to Theobroma cacao. A) Originates in northern South America B) Ivory Coast and Ghana are two large global producers. C) Prefers full sun D) Flowers form on stem and trunk, not tips of branches E) Seeds form in a pod

A) Originates in northern South America B) Ivory Coast and Ghana are two large global producers. D) Flowers form on stem and trunk, not tips of branches E) Seeds form in a pod

Which of the following statements apply to tissue culture of pants? (Check ALL that apply) A) Tissue culture produces a clone of the parent. B) Tissue culture must be conducted under very sanitary conditions. C) Tissue culture is a form of asexual propagation. D) Tissue culture encourages genetic diversity by producing offspring different form parents.

A) Tissue culture produces a clone of the parent. B) Tissue culture must be conducted under very sanitary conditions. C) Tissue culture is a form of asexual propagation.

Which of the following BEST describes the term "topping" when applied to trees? A) Tree topping encourages vigorous growth on decayed wood. B) Tree topping is a recommended practice to reduce the height of trees. C) Tree topping of crepe myrtles encourages strong limb formation. D) Tree topping is a recommended practice to thin out a tree.

A) Tree topping encourages vigorous growth on decayed wood.

Select ALL of the choices that reflect why California is such a major fruit and vegetable growing state. A) Wide range of climates and soils B) State sponsored water canal system C) Low humidity D) High rainfall in production areas E) Cheap land

A) Wide range of climates and soils B) State sponsored water canal system C) Low humidity

Common names for cassava include (select ALL those that apply) A) Yuca B) Yam C) Tapioca D) Manioc

A) Yuca C) Tapioca D) Manioc

Which Coffea type is considered the best quality? A) arabica B) robusta C) they are the same, its a myth that there is a difference

A) arabica

Which of the following environmental characteristics distinguish tropical horticulture from Georgia horticulture, especially in areas cleared of forests for farming? A) humus washed away more readily B) reduced quantity of water carried through the hydrologic cycle C) shallow soils D) leached of nutrients E) high carbon loss

A) humus washed away more readily B) reduced quantity of water carried through the hydrologic cycle C) shallow soils D) leached of nutrients E) high carbon loss

Select ALL (there is more than one) correct answers regarding coffee. A) prefers shade B) originates in Brazil C) Brazil is a major world grower D) The seed is a true bean

A) prefers shade C) Brazil is a major world grower