HORT FINAL EXAM

10 - Why is Illinois no longer the largest producer of pears in the US? Labor costs became excessive A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast Illinois residents stopped eating pears Illinois lost its federal license to produce pears

A major disease problem called fire blight was introduced to Illinois from the east coast

8 - When should tomato transplants be planted in the garden? As early as the soil can be worked After all danger of frost is past In the fall so you get early production next year 4-5 weeks before the date of the average frost-free date

After all danger of frost is past

13 - Some of the physical health benefits of contact with nature through gardening or time in greenspaces include: lower obesity rates in children lower mortality rates in adults lower stress levels in children and adults lower asthma rates All of the above

All of the above

8 - Which of the following herbs is particularly supportive of pollinators and other beneficial insects? Oregano Sage Lavender Chives All of the above

All of the above

8 - Should you allow your herbs to produce flowers (not pinch off the flower buds)? select the statement that is most accurate. Yes, if the plants are outdoors you want to provide a source of pollen and nectar for beneficial insects No, if you want to protect the quality of the leaves' flavor Yes, if you want to have flowers to cut and dry or seed formation All of the above are true depending on your goals for growing herbs

All of the above are true depending on your goals for growing herbs

9 - Generating Transgenic Plants: is also called genetic engineering. can change a plant's genome using a gene gun. can change a plant's genome using bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). were created to generate plants tolerant of herbicides. All of the above.

All of the above.

14 - In which of the following ways can pruning improve plant health?

All of the above. remove some of the fruiting wood or flowers help prevent canker dev reduce problems with fireblight lessen problems with borers

10 - Which of the following fruit trees produce most of their fruit on spurs? Apples and Peaches Apples and Pears Peaches and Pears None of the above

Apples and Pears

8 - Which of the following are perennial vegetables? Carrots Cabbage Asparagus Snap beans

Asparagus

8 - Which of the following herbs is NOT perennial in Central IL? Oregano Sage Basil Chives

Basil

14 - The typical planting design for front yards only includes shrubs, flowers and other attractive plants planted against the house foundation. This is a problem because:

Both B and C it is difficult to enjoy them from inside the home they are only visible to those who are viewing from the street NOT A - difficult to maintain them there NOT D - all of the above

8 - Which of the following are very hardy cool-season vegetables? Broccoli Snap beans Tomato Bell peppers All of these

Broccoli

12 - Which of the following are not true about the bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)? Bur oak is a fast-growing tree. Bur oak is long lived (200+ years). Bur oak has a deeply ridged and furrowed rough bark. Bur oak is considered a tough and adaptable species.

Bur oak is a fast-growing tree.

9 - Which banana variety is the most commonly consumed banana? Golden Beauty banana Lacatan banana Panama banana Cavendish banana

Cavendish banana

14 - As a landscape design principle, mass collection refers to:

Clustering same elements together to achieve order in a landscape design

14 - When inspecting and buying new woody plants, which of the following statements apply?

D. Both A and B are true. the stems should be green when scratched open roots should be firm and white NOT C - root should circle round the inside of the container

8 - Which of the following describes the process of hardening-off plants? A. Used when growing transplants at home to get plants adapted to outdoors B. It involves placing the plants in your refrigerator for two weeks to toughen them up C. It involves reducing fertilizer, watering and temperature D. A and C

D. A and C

10 - Raspberries: A. Are available in yellow, orange, red and black cultivars. B. Must be replanted every year in the garden. C. Are available as virus-free plants. D. A and C are true. E. All of the above are true.

D. A and C are true.

11 - Commercial, long-term storage of fruit prior to consumer purchase includes: A. Temperatures at or slightly below freezing for berry crops. B. Low-oxygen conditions. C. Humidity regulation. D. All of the above. E. Only B & C.

D. All of the above.

11 - If fruit is not harvested as soon as it is ripe: A. decaying fruit will attract damaging insects, which could also damage the unripe fruit. B. decaying fruit will foster disease development. C. it will quickly become unusable, unsalable. D. All of the above. E. Only A & B.

D. All of the above.

11 - In the article, "Environmental Challenges..." the authors Wortman & Lovell argue that future urban food production should look to: A. Increasing crop yield by using high tunnels, vertical production, and aquaponics B. Growing buffer plantings to filter stormwater runoff into urban food plots. C. Multifunctional buffer planting strips that increase biodiversity and support pollinators. D. All of the above. E. Only A and C.

D. All of the above.

10 - Grapes: A. Have no significant pest or disease problems. B. Require heaving pruning each year. C. Are very sensitive to the herbicide 2,4-D. D. B and C are true. E. All of the above are true.

D. B and C are true.

11 - Which is NOT part of the postharvest handling process? Cleaning produce. Determining the crop's development stage. Storing produce at optimal temperature and humidity ranges. Transporting produce.

Determining the crop's development stage.

10 - Floricanes are: A. The first-year canes in raspberries. B. The second-year canes in raspberries. C. Die after producing fruit. D. Are removed after the end of the season. E. B, C and D are true.

E. B, C and D are true.

13 - Which of the following is TRUE? The Farm to School Program: A. Is limited to Illinois. B. Brings locally grown foods to school cafeterias. C. Teaches children how to grow food in their own schoolyard. D. All of the above. E. Only B & C.

E. Only B & C.

8 - Which of the following are true about peas? A. They are planted early in the season B. Garden peas are best eaten pod and all C. They will tolerate frost D. Snow peas have edible pods E. All except B

E. All except B

8 - Which of the following is true of the herbs presented in this week's lecture? A. Herbs are only propagated from seeds B. Herbs are only propagated from cuttings C. Some herbs are best propagated from cuttings D. Herbs can be propagated from both seeds and cuttings E. All of the above F. Only C and D

F. Only C and D

11 - What are the main environmental issues associated with post-harvest handling? Food waste and water consumption. Machinery use and food waste. Water consumption and intense labor conditions. Overworked employees and excessive machinery usage.

Food waste and water consumption.

11 - Which of the following is TRUE? During the harvest process: Fruit is kept in the sun while still in the field to dry it off. Fruit is cooled down immediately to prolong shelf life. Harvesters place fruit in deep bins to transport from the plants to the trucks. Fruit is harvested early in the morning so that is has dew on it.

Fruit is cooled down immediately to prolong shelf life.

9 - A cross-pollinated, hybrid plant has: Genetic information from both parents. Unique genetic information making it a completely new species. Genetic information from one dominant parent. A very high chance of not being able to produce seeds.

Genetic information from both parents.

10 - Blueberries need: Neutral pH soils. Moderate shade. Good soil drainage. Aluminum sulfate for best growth.

Good soil drainage.

8 - Which of the following are true about bell peppers? They are a cool-season crop They are intermediate on the scoville heat unit scale Green bell peppers will turn red if you keep them on the plant long enough Alternating cycles of dry and wet are best for pepper production Ornamental peppers are highly toxic

Green bell peppers will turn red if you keep them on the plant long enough

12 - This type of growing structure is passively heated by the sun and cooled by opening flaps or through exhaust fans. Low tunnel High tunnel / hoop house Aquaponics Hydroponics

High tunnel / hoop house

9 - Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common biotechnology methods for generating genetically modified crop plants? RNA interference Transgenics Hybrid genetic selection Gene editing

Hybrid genetic selection

9 - Why were new technologies, the Third Generation of Breeding, needed in the 1980's? Plant productivity dropped significantly due to environmental reasons and the equipment used became obsolete. Consumers weren't buying the crops that were being grown and sold at the time and growers had to switch to suit the more popular crop demand. Hybrid species of cereal crops such as corn, wheat, rice could no longer increase yields fast enough to feed the growing population. Many plants at that time were bred to have a shorter growing habit, and harvesting technology needed to be changed to harvest the newer, shorter plants.

Hybrid species of cereal crops such as corn, wheat, rice could no longer increase yields fast enough to feed the growing population.

12 - Which growing operation is well suited for a grower with poor quality or polluted in-ground soils? Portable low tunnel Polyethylene covered high tunnel Hydroponic system All of the above

Hydroponic system

12 - Which is NOT something to consider when establishing a cover crop system, as mentioned in the lecture video? When and where is best to plant specific cover crop species Species' specific requirements needed for establishment If cover crop will be allowed to flower, or bolt Budget - how much money willing to spend on seed and management practices

If cover crop will be allowed to flower, or bolt

9 - Why is it difficult to create a resistant version of the current variety through cross breeding? It is 'seedless' and produces very, very few seeds. There are no plants left that are not infected by disease. It produces lots of seeds, but not many are viable. The disease is taking over all plants, regardless of species or variety.

It is 'seedless' and produces very, very few seeds.

8 - Which of the following is true about crop rotation? It is the practice of changing the location of crops in the garden from season to season It is the practice of growing the same crop in several parts of the garden at the same time so that you increase your chances of success in producing the crop It is the practice of planting several batches of the same crops with several weeks between plantings to provide a longer harvest period None of the above are true

It is the practice of changing the location of crops in the garden from season to season

12 - What kind of lights can be used to grow plants sustainably and efficiently in an aquaponics system? Halogen bulbs LED bulbs that produce the optimal color range of light White light incandescent bulbs Florescent bulbs that produce blue light

LED bulbs that produce the optimal color range of light

12 - Two types of cover crops used in the Midwestern growing regions include: Cucurbits and grasses Legumes and brassicas Grains and solanaceous plants Brassicas and cucurbits

Legumes and brassicas

9 - One of the first breeding methods developed in molecular biology in the 1980's was called: Genetic Selection (GS) Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) Marker Genetic Selection (MGS) Hybrid Genetic Selection (HGS)

Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)

11 - Which is NOT a method farmers use to determine if their crops are ready to be harvested? Cut open and observe the stage of development within the crop. Match the color of the produce to what it is supposed to resemble. Consider their initial planting date. Consider the crop's typical days to maturity.

Match the color of the produce to what it is supposed to resemble.

12 - In an aquaponics system, what do the plants need to grow that can be extracted from the water containing fish waste? Ammonium Nitrites Nitrates Nitrogen

Nitrates

13 - Schools often fail to have a schoolyard edible garden because... A. They lack the resources, mostly labor, to keep it going. B. The initial start-up costs are too high. C. The educators and staff lack the time or expertise to manage horticultural crops. D. All of the above. E. Only A & C. F. Only A & B.

Not F or D. I think E.

13 - Which is NOT true? Schoolyards are often a challenging place to maintain a vegetable garden because: The soil is polluted or poor quality. Water is not easily accessible to bring to the garden. Of the lack of shade trees. Of the lack of storage for tools.

Of the lack of shade trees.

14 - The arrival and entry experience for visitors can feel more welcoming if:

Only A and B the entry walk is 4-5' wide planting on both sides of entry NOT C - large plants hiding front door

13 - Mark the answer that is NOT true. In the lecture on schoolyard edible gardens, you learned research has evaluated schoolyard gardens for the following benefits: Opportunities for children to engage in citizen science tracking honeybees. First-hand experiences with the water cycle. Learning to taste unfamiliar vegetables. Opportunities for children to engage in hands-on science lessons.

Opportunities for children to engage in citizen science tracking honeybees.

9 - What is the name of the fungus killing banana plants around the world? Panama disease Cane rust Gray mold Brown rot

Panama disease

10 - Which of the following is not true about peach production? Peach production in the Midwest is a risky business Peaches are self-fertile but produce better if more than one cultivar is present. Late-spring killing frosts are a major problem in the Midwest. Peaches require very little pruning.

Peaches require very little pruning.

11 - If you buy an avocado or peach that is 'hard as a rock' (not ripe) what could you do to speed the ripening of it? Place it in the 'produce' drawer in your refrigerator with some carrots. Place it in a sealed plastic bag on the counter. Place it in a closed paper bag with an apple and store it on the counter. Place it in a closed paper bag with a tomato and store it on the counter.

Place it in a closed paper bag with an apple and store it on the counter.

12 - Which common covering material is often installed as a double layer and is inflated to provide better insulation for certain types of controlled environments? Acrylic structured plastic Polyethylene film Glass Polycarbonate structured plastic

Polyethylene film

9 - The Fourth Generation of Crop Breeding integrates biotechnology advances in the area of genome editing, with crop functional genomics, and is referred to as: Precision Design Agriculture or Precision Ag Speed Agriculture Biotechnical Agriculture Hybrid Agriculture

Precision Design Agriculture or Precision Ag

11 - Water for irrigating food crops in urban settings is a limited resource. Which of these alternative sources is NOT accurately described? Rainwater harvested from rooftops is polluted with dangerous bacteria from animals. Greywater is generally safe if used in drip irrigation. Rainwater harvested from rooftops is generally free of heavy metals. City wastewater may have pathogens but has been safely used for over forty years.

Rainwater harvested from rooftops is generally free of heavy metals.

10 - Blueberries: Are fast-growing plants. Bear their largest cops beginning in their second year. Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks. Never need pruning.

Ripen their fruit over 6-8 weeks.

13 - Select all that are correct. Which of the following are mentioned as benefits of schoolyard gardens? Schoolyard edible gardens... a. Instill a sense of place b. Foster healthy eating c. Foster environmental stewardship d. Enhance academic achievement e. Develop social skills and sense of community

SELECT ALL a. Instill a sense of place b. Foster healthy eating c. Foster environmental stewardship d. Enhance academic achievement e. Develop social skills and sense of community

8 - Which of the following is NOT a common pest of herbs growing indoors? according to the Missouri Botanical Garden article posted on Compass Whiteflies Fungus gnats Aphids Slugs Mealy bugs Spider mites

Slugs

10 - What is the difference between sweet and sour cherries? Sweet cherries are more cold hardy Sweet and sour cherries are the same species Sour cherries have a higher sugar content Sour cherries are more cold hardy

Sour cherries are more cold hardy

12 - Which frame material should be used if the controlled environment is being built in a climate where it must withstand high winds and/or heavy snowfall? Steel Treated lumber Aluminum PVC

Steel

11 -What is NOT a benefit of purchasing locally grown produce? Local farmers are supported and encouraged to establish in the area. A decrease in food waste and water consumption are a result. Produce was most likely ripened on the plant and picked at its optimal nutrient capacity. Storing produce is easier and more accessible.

Storing produce is easier and more accessible.

10 - In fruit trees, a 45-degree branch angle differs from a 90-degree branch: The 45-degree angle is stronger Trees never produce branch angles as narrow as 45 degrees The 90-degree branch angle is weaker The 90-degree branch angle is stronger

The 90-degree branch angle is stronger

12 - Which of the following plants produces a foul-smelling fruit-like spherical fruit-like structure? The Canadian hemlock (Tsuga Canadensis) The American holly (Ilex opaca) The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus)

The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

10 - What is meant by training a fruit tree? The process whereby young trees learn good manners The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches The process of getting a new tree ready to be transplanted The pruning process that maintains the overall structure of the tree for as long as the tree lives

The pruning process that establishes the initial overall structure of the tree that includes the leader and main scaffold branches

12 - Which of the following is not true about sugar maple (Acer saccharum)? Sugar maple is native to the eastern part of the US and Canada. The sugar maple has excellent yellow, orange and red fall colors. The sugar maple is very adaptable to urban conditions. The sugar maple is used to make maple syrup.

The sugar maple is very adaptable to urban conditions.

10 - Which of the following are true about blackberries? They always have thorny stems When they are picked the core stays on the plant There are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois They are usually started from seed in the garden

There are cultivars that can be grown in central Illinois

10 - Which of the following is true about pollination of apples? They are all sterile because they are triploid They are all self-fertile They are all self-sterile None of the above is true.

They are all self-sterile

10 - Which of the following is true about the most commonly grown type of strawberries - the spring- or June-bearing varieties? They produce their berries beginning in June and continue flowering and fruiting throughout the season. They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest). They produce much higher yields in a year than the everbearing or day neutral varieties. They produce their heaviest crop in the first year.

They produce their berries over a 2-week period in June (Midwest).

12 - Why is important to research what the best growing conditions for cover crops are? To get a harvestable yield from various cover crop species To ensure they will flower and spread seed for next year's growing season To compete with primary crops for nutrients, water, and light exposure To ensure cover crop species have the optimal and appropriate growing environments for their intended purpose

To ensure cover crop species have the optimal and appropriate growing environments for their intended purpose

12 - What is the main purpose of incorporating cover crops into your growing system? To improve soil quality and structure for the grower's primary crop. To increase yield or amount of harvestable produce for the grower's primary crop. To diversify the grower's crop species list. To add another harvestable crop and extend the grower's growing season.

To improve soil quality and structure for the grower's primary crop.

9 - Though ______________ is not considered a form of genetic modification by the general public, technically humans have been altering the genetic makeup of various plant species since before recorded human history (Lecture Part 2). Genomic selection Marker assisted selection Traditional genomic selection Traditional plant breeding

Traditional plant breeding

9 - Cultivated plants typically have a group of common characteristics called 'domestication syndrome traits.' Those traits create plants with three important qualities: Productivity, vigorous growth, hybrid Uniformity, predictability, high productivity High sugar content, uniformity, disease resistance Disease resistance, uniformity, high productivity

Uniformity, predictability, high productivity

8 - What is the best way to water your vegetable garden if rainfall is inadequate? Using a rotating garden sprinkler in the early evening Applying small amounts of water in the heat of the day every day to conserve water Never water your garden because it encourages diseases Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation under an organic mulch

Using a soaker hose or drip irrigation under an organic mulch

8 - When growing herbs indoors, which of the following is NOT correct? Grow herbs in a full sun window Water daily to keep the soil wet Avoid drafty areas and heat vents Reduce fertilization rates to less than when growing herbs outdoors

Water daily to keep the soil wet

13 - According to the National Geographic Video in Week 13 Topic 1, what happens to our bodies when we go "forest bathing"? Our body temperature decreases because "forest bathing" means "wading into a stream." When "forest bathing" our bodies absorb phytoncides, which promote our "natural killer cells" and thus support the human immune system. When "forest bathing," our bodies get stronger because it involves climbing trees. When "forest bathing," our bodies absorb vitamin A, thus supporting the human immune system.

When "forest bathing" our bodies absorb phytoncides, which promote our "natural killer cells" and thus support the human immune system.

11 - When is produce most likely to contain maximum amounts of vitamins and nutrients? When it is harvested early. When it has sat on the counter for one week . When it is stored at its optimal storage temperature and humidity levels. When it is allowed to mature on the plant.

When it is allowed to mature on the plant.

8 - Which of the following are true about sweet corn? -The silks are the male part of the plant -You can buy cultivars with normal sugary, sugary enhancer and supersweet genes -It should be planted along-side field corn to develop the best taste -Sweet corn is one of those vegetables where insect problems are rare

You can buy cultivars with normal sugary, sugary enhancer and supersweet genes

14 - A sucker is:

a new shoot arising from the base of the trunk or root system.

9 - "Roundup Ready" plants are: always easier and more efficient to harvest. plants that will not survive when sprayed with glyphosate. able to survive when fields are sprayed with glyphosate, while the non-resistant plants (weeds) die. able to survive any agricultural chemicals and herbicides applied to them.

able to survive when fields are sprayed with glyphosate, while the non-resistant plants (weeds) die.

13 - Based on the National Geographic Video "This is Your Brain on Nature," and the Part 1 and Part 3 Lectures, how might today's urban living can be detrimental to our health and well being? by draining our capacity for attention, making us attentionally fatigued by separating us from nature (spending more indoors) because we are not 'hard wired' for urban environments due to our evolutionary history all of the above

all of the above

13 - Based on the research, what mental health benefits do children receive when they have a green courtyard near their home? children play more creatively girls demonstrate higher levels of concentration girls demonstrate higher levels of impulse control all of the above

all of the above

13 - Based on what you read in Chawla & Litt, 2015, which of the following forms of 'nature' or greenspace provide humans with mental and physical health benefits? a wilderness experience a vacant lot converted to a greenspace of shade trees and a small amount of other plants street plantings of trees a view of a greenspace all of the above

all of the above

13 - Which of the following are proposed in the research literature to be mechanisms through which nature exposure fosters higher levels of physical or mental functioning. Exposure to greenspaces and gardens fosters recovery from attentional fatigue Exposure to greenspaces and gardens encourages more physical activity Greenspaces and gardens provide 'loose parts' for creative play all of the above

all of the above

14 - An 'outdoor room'

all of the above create a feeling of enclosure and comfort well defined ground plane well defined vertical plane well defined overhead plane

14 - A good backyard design should aim to overcome the typical problems of:

all of the above feeling on display for neighbors too much sun or wind exposure poorly defined edges inadequate space to engage in desired activities

13 - Select all that are true. Greenspaces in cities support human health by: buffering noise. mitigating air pollution. encouraging more walking. mitigating winter temperatures.

buffering noise. mitigating air pollution. encouraging more walking.

12 - The best conditions for the development of bright orange and red fall colors include: cold day-time temperatures and warm nights cool sunny days and cold night temperatures cloudy warm days and cold nights drought conditions along with warm days and nights

cool sunny days and cold night temperatures

11 - Which of the following is least likely or least true? Urban soils are challenging to use for food production because... urban soils often contain high levels of lead (Pb). food crops absorb large amounts of heavy metals from the soils and making the food poisonous. it is difficult to extract heavy metals from the soil. high levels of lead in the soil can be absorbed by the farmer breathing the dust. contaminated soil particles can adhere to the food crop and be consumed if the food is not carefully washed.

food crops absorb large amounts of heavy metals from the soils and making the food poisonous.

11 - In the past, food production in urban settings: had been limited to rooftop gardens. had generally been limited to community gardens & Victory gardens. had not been done at all. had only been done by large corporations.

had generally been limited to community gardens & Victory gardens.

11 - Which of the following is NOT true? Fruit harvest: is labor intensive. is mostly harvested by machines because it saves on labor costs. is time sensitive. may require using hand tools to avoid damaging the plant. is often done by hand because fruit bruises and cracks easily.

is mostly harvested by machines because it saves on labor costs.

9 - Orphan crops are defined as minor crop plants that have regional importance, but have not traditionally been traded globally nor have they received much attention by researchers and breeders. These plants are often: incapable of producing a reliable yield no matter where they are grown. key for food and economic security for people in developing nations and ideal candidates for crop genetic improvement. extremely susceptible to disease. not considered as candidates for next-generation breeding techniques.

key for food and economic security for people in developing nations and ideal candidates for crop genetic improvement.

9 - Genomic Selection is superior to Phenotypic Selection and Marker Assisted Selection because it is: more accurate and develops new crop varieties faster. time-consuming, but produces a better result. not very reliable, but when it is successful it always produces plants with a much higher yield capability. a more natural way to develop new crop varieties.

more accurate and develops new crop varieties faster.

13 - Select all that are true. Research has revealed that some of the mental health benefits of contact with nature through gardening or time in greenspace include: more play and creative play in children. lower ADHD symptoms. greater cognitive functioning and management of life issues in adults. a greater capacity for recalling names. a greater capacity for concentration.

more play and creative play in children. lower ADHD symptoms. greater cognitive functioning and management of life issues in adults. a greater capacity for concentration.

13 - What are the consequences of the typical school year (September - May) not aligning with the typical growing season (June - September)? A. Most vegetables need warm temperatures to grow. B. It introduces children to the concept that some foods have limited growing seasons (e.g., heat-loving vegetables such as tomatoes) and to eat "local" fresh foods means eating only what can be grown locally at that time of year. C. Students have an opportunity to grow and eat vegetables that they might not have tasted before. D. No one is at the school when the vegetables need the most maintenance.

not all of them. not B & D.

11 - Which of the following is NOT true? Urban food production is expanding because... it increases equity of access to fresh food for all people. it reduces pollution due to transportation of food from farm to consumer. of the need to reduce rural farms. there is a need to produce food closer to where the majority of people live.

of the need to reduce rural farms.

9 - Which of these answers is TRUE? Hybrid plants are: not as vigorous as the parent plants used to create the plant. incompatible with growing in the field and must be cultivated in a controlled environment. often more vigorous and resistant to diseases, have higher yields, and display other beneficial traits when compared to the parent plants. very rare and almost impossible to grow.

often more vigorous and resistant to diseases, have higher yields, and display other beneficial traits when compared to the parent plants.

10 - In terms of the amount of annual pruning needed: peaches>apples> cherries apples>peaches>cherries cherries>apples>peaches pears>cherries>peaches

peaches>apples> cherries

13 - Attention Restoration Theory proposes: spending time in a greenspace supports attention by demanding our attention. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by keeping our mind busy. spending time in a greenspace supports attention by helping it restore from attentional fatigue. spending time in a greenspace supports vision by helping it restore from visual fatigue.

spending time in a greenspace supports attention by helping it restore from attentional fatigue.

14 - According to Douglas Tallamy, the diversity of plant species we grow on our home landscape has a direct impact on:

the food available for wildlife and therefore the diversity of wildlife (including insects) in our neighborhood and the planet

14 - When mulching a newly transplanted tree, which of the following are recommended practices?

the mulch should be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches AND the mulch should not be in direct contact with the trunk.

12 - A plant habit, which is normally a part of the description a of a woody plant, is referring to: the place where a plant is native the shape of its leaves the shape of the crown or above-ground part of the plant the shape and color of its flowers

the shape of the crown or above-ground part of the plant