How Does the Internet Work

Internet Service Provider

(ISP) a company that provides you internet with a fee, you will be assigned temporary IP address

domain name

The server name always ends with a dot and a three-letter or two-letter extension, is important because it usually identifies the type of organization that created or sponsored the resource. (.org, .edu)

Protocol Stack (aka. TCP/IP protocol)

a built in computer operating system that communicates messages from one computer to another

Domain Name Server

a distributed database which keeps track of computers names and their corresponding ip address

IP Address

also known as internet protocol, each computer has a unique address where numbers must be between 0-255

Router

connected between networks to route packages between each other, acts as a dispatcher to seek best path for information

Hardware Layer

converts binary packet data to network signals and back (aka phone lines)

Transmission Control Protocol Layer (TCP)

directs packets to a specific application using a port number

Internet Protocol Layer (IP)

directs packets to a specific computer using an IP address

ISP Router

examines the destination address in each packet and determines where to send it

Network Service Providers

huge large internet networks like IBM, Sprint, PSI

server name

identifies the computer on which the resource is found.

server name

identifies the computer on which the resource is found. www.smccd.edu/

LAN

is your own local area network

Data sent over the internet are sent in

managible chunks

these chunks of data on the internet are known as

packets

Each NSP is required to

peer with each other to exchange network traffic connect to three network access points interconnect with metro area exchanges

each packet is assigned a

port number to know which program destination needs the message

Application Protocols Layer

protocols sent to specific applications such as a website, or email

Traceroute

shows the path your packets are taken to a given destination

Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HTTP

the application protocol that makes the web work (http://) The protocol identifies the method (set of rules) by which the resource is transmitted

HTML

the language used to write webpages

Ping

when you program the computer to send an internet control message to see the reaction time of your internet