How to Train a Brain - Crash Course Psychology #11 (Video)

Unconditioned Stimulus and Natural Response

Occurs before conditioning. Dog Food and Dog Salivating.

Reinforcement Schedule

A patter that defines how often a desire response will be reinforced.

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains it's reinforcing power through it's association with a primary reinforcer. (A paycheck)

Operant Conditioning

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punshier.

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

Behaviorism

An empirically rigorous science focused on observable behaviors and NOT unobservable internal mental processes.

Primary Reinforcer

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need. (Ending annoyances or getting a cookie)

Shaping

An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior towards closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.

Direct Observation of Behavior

Classical conditioning shows how a process like learning can actually be studied through [Blank].

Unconditioned Stimulus Neutral Stimulus Natural Response

During Conditioning this is paired with this and results in this. Dog Food + Bell = Dog Salivating.

John Broadus Watson

He conditioned a young child to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud scary noise. Controversial study.

Punishment

Negative Reinforcement is not the same as this.

Partial (Intermittent) Reinforcement

Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.

Acquisition

Stage where association between neutral stimulus and natural response is made.

Learning

The process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors.

Neutral Stimulus and Natural Response

This equals this before conditioning. Ringing Sound and Dog Not Salivating

Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

This is AFTER-conditioning phase. The bell = Salivating.

Positive Reinforcement

This is a stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.

Psychology

Today we view this as the science of behavior and mental processes.

Ivan Pavlov

Wasn't interested in psychology until after he gave up on his passion to become a Russian Orthodox priest (like his father)

Associative Learning

When a subject links certain events, behaviors, or stimuli together in the process of conditioning. E.I., dogs in Pavlov's experiment.