HoWM Chapter 20 and 21
____________ church musicians employed the musical idioms of opera, such as orchestral accompaniments, da capo arias, accompanied recitatives, and choruses, to express the text and inspire listeners in worship services.
Catholic
The Stabat Mater by ____________ became one of the most popular and frequently printed musical works of the century.
G. B. Pergolesi
What is one reason that Singspiel became an important genre in Germany?
German playwrights translated and adapted English Ballad operas into German
The musical example shown here demonstrates that
Hasse wrote elegant melodies that allow singers to add a variety of ornaments
Which would not have been an effective way to advertise a public concert?
Invitations
____________ is one of the most famous and successful intermezzi.
La serva padrona
New styles in the eighteenth century placed musical focus on
Melody
Which of the following is not true of reform opera?
composers used accompanied recitative and ensembles less frequently
In the 1700s, the Concert spirituel was a
concert series that fostered the development of the symphony
As a result of the founding in 1726 of the Academy of Ancient Music,
concerts of music from the past became increasingly popular
Which is a quality one would expect to hear in Classic-period music?
contrasting moods in a movement
What allowed for more possibilities of contrast in the new music of the eighteenth century?
differences in melodic and harmonic material according to its function in the form
Which best describes the political situation of eighteenth-century Europe?
dominated by centralized states with large militaries
Beginning in the 1720s and 1730s, composers of Italian operas began to use contrasting musical ideas within A and B sections of arias to
express a succession of moods
Songs of the late eighteenth century are infrequently performed today, yet they embody the ideals of the Enlightenment because they
feature clear, direct melodies
Most of William Billings's compositions were "plain tunes," but later collections included ____________, pieces that open with a syllabic and homophonic section, feature a passage in free imitation, and close with voices again in homophony.
fuging tunes
Composers published many songs for home performance in different countries, reflecting the
growing interest in amateur music-making
Harmony in the galant style
has a slower harmonic rhythm that punctuates melodic segments
Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau praise Italian composers' emphasis on melody?
he believed that melody aroused sentiments in the soul
Where did the galant style originate?
in Italian operas
The galant style became popular for all of the following reasons except
it focused more on counterpoint
Which eighteenth-century musical technique is a reaction against the complexity of Baroque music?
melodies in short phrases over spare accompaniment
Gluck supervised the production of his operas and wanted singers, both soloists and the chorus, to
move more realistically and think of themselves as actors
If you were to attend a dramatic performance at a public theatre in the early 1700s that was sung throughout, had six or more singing characters, and had a contemporary plot centered around ordinary people, it would be an
opera buffa
Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of German Lieder in the 1700s?
opportunity for virtuosic display
William Billings declared independence from normal rules of counterpoint, and wrote that he had devised a better set of rules. He often used
parallel octaves and fifths and open chords without thirds
Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of Italian comic opera in the mid-1700s?
periodic phrasing
In an opera seria, action progresses through
recitative, either simple or accompanied
Which is not an example of periodicity?
sequential repetition as a principal device
Congregations in New England were encouraged to read music, which led to the development of
singing schools
The philosophes of the Enlightenment were mainly
social reformers
Which aspect of intermezzi differs from opere serie?
they often parodied heroic characters and questioned social hierarchies
Why were serious plots more common in the opéra comique in France in the later part of the eighteenth century?
they touched on social issues that arose during the years before and during the French Revolution
Judging from public concert advertisements, programs usually lasted about how long in the eighteenth century?
three hours
If you were to hear an aria from a ballad opera, it probably would
use a familiar tune from a folk or popular song
In La serva padrona, why does Pergolesi use orchestrally accompanied recitative while Uberto debates whether to marry Serpina?
using a convention normally reserved for high drama increases the comic effect
Which of the following is not an example of the hierarchy of cadences?
weak cadences mark closing phrases
The preface to the score of ____________explains the goals of operatic reformers in the mid-1700s.
Alceste
Eighteenth-century public concert programs show that who was more important than composers?
Performers
In a comic opera in the late 1700s, an act would most likely end with
all characters onstage, singing together
This example appears to be
an aria from an opera buffa
How did eighteenth-century musical values relate directly to central ideas of the Enlightenment?
an emphasis on the natural
Johann Joachim Quants argued that ideal music
appealed to wide audiences because it blended nationalistic traits
How were private concerts normally funded?
by aristocratic sponsors
What was one result of music as a leisure activity?
the development of informed listeners
What contributed to the growing prestige of purely instrumental music?
the idea of music as a universal language
During the eighteenth century, musicians increasingly depended on whom for support?
the public
What was one economic change in the eighteenth century?
the urban middle class rose in numbers
The end of the eighteenth century saw a growing preference for opera in which language?
the vernacular
Public concerts usually attracted what kind of audience?
the well-to-do, because concert tickets were expensive