HoWM Chapter 20 and 21

____________ church musicians employed the musical idioms of opera, such as orchestral accompaniments, da capo arias, accompanied recitatives, and choruses, to express the text and inspire listeners in worship services.

Catholic

The Stabat Mater by ____________ became one of the most popular and frequently printed musical works of the century.

G. B. Pergolesi

What is one reason that Singspiel became an important genre in Germany?

German playwrights translated and adapted English Ballad operas into German

The musical example shown here demonstrates that

Hasse wrote elegant melodies that allow singers to add a variety of ornaments

Which would not have been an effective way to advertise a public concert?

Invitations

____________ is one of the most famous and successful intermezzi.

La serva padrona

New styles in the eighteenth century placed musical focus on

Melody

Which of the following is not true of reform opera?

composers used accompanied recitative and ensembles less frequently

In the 1700s, the Concert spirituel was a

concert series that fostered the development of the symphony

As a result of the founding in 1726 of the Academy of Ancient Music,

concerts of music from the past became increasingly popular

Which is a quality one would expect to hear in Classic-period music?

contrasting moods in a movement

What allowed for more possibilities of contrast in the new music of the eighteenth century?

differences in melodic and harmonic material according to its function in the form

Which best describes the political situation of eighteenth-century Europe?

dominated by centralized states with large militaries

Beginning in the 1720s and 1730s, composers of Italian operas began to use contrasting musical ideas within A and B sections of arias to

express a succession of moods

Songs of the late eighteenth century are infrequently performed today, yet they embody the ideals of the Enlightenment because they

feature clear, direct melodies

Most of William Billings's compositions were "plain tunes," but later collections included ____________, pieces that open with a syllabic and homophonic section, feature a passage in free imitation, and close with voices again in homophony.

fuging tunes

Composers published many songs for home performance in different countries, reflecting the

growing interest in amateur music-making

Harmony in the galant style

has a slower harmonic rhythm that punctuates melodic segments

Why did Jean-Jacques Rousseau praise Italian composers' emphasis on melody?

he believed that melody aroused sentiments in the soul

Where did the galant style originate?

in Italian operas

The galant style became popular for all of the following reasons except

it focused more on counterpoint

Which eighteenth-century musical technique is a reaction against the complexity of Baroque music?

melodies in short phrases over spare accompaniment

Gluck supervised the production of his operas and wanted singers, both soloists and the chorus, to

move more realistically and think of themselves as actors

If you were to attend a dramatic performance at a public theatre in the early 1700s that was sung throughout, had six or more singing characters, and had a contemporary plot centered around ordinary people, it would be an

opera buffa

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of German Lieder in the 1700s?

opportunity for virtuosic display

William Billings declared independence from normal rules of counterpoint, and wrote that he had devised a better set of rules. He often used

parallel octaves and fifths and open chords without thirds

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of Italian comic opera in the mid-1700s?

periodic phrasing

In an opera seria, action progresses through

recitative, either simple or accompanied

Which is not an example of periodicity?

sequential repetition as a principal device

Congregations in New England were encouraged to read music, which led to the development of

singing schools

The philosophes of the Enlightenment were mainly

social reformers

Which aspect of intermezzi differs from opere serie?

they often parodied heroic characters and questioned social hierarchies

Why were serious plots more common in the opéra comique in France in the later part of the eighteenth century?

they touched on social issues that arose during the years before and during the French Revolution

Judging from public concert advertisements, programs usually lasted about how long in the eighteenth century?

three hours

If you were to hear an aria from a ballad opera, it probably would

use a familiar tune from a folk or popular song

In La serva padrona, why does Pergolesi use orchestrally accompanied recitative while Uberto debates whether to marry Serpina?

using a convention normally reserved for high drama increases the comic effect

Which of the following is not an example of the hierarchy of cadences?

weak cadences mark closing phrases

The preface to the score of ____________explains the goals of operatic reformers in the mid-1700s.

Alceste

Eighteenth-century public concert programs show that who was more important than composers?

Performers

In a comic opera in the late 1700s, an act would most likely end with

all characters onstage, singing together

This example appears to be

an aria from an opera buffa

How did eighteenth-century musical values relate directly to central ideas of the Enlightenment?

an emphasis on the natural

Johann Joachim Quants argued that ideal music

appealed to wide audiences because it blended nationalistic traits

How were private concerts normally funded?

by aristocratic sponsors

What was one result of music as a leisure activity?

the development of informed listeners

What contributed to the growing prestige of purely instrumental music?

the idea of music as a universal language

During the eighteenth century, musicians increasingly depended on whom for support?

the public

What was one economic change in the eighteenth century?

the urban middle class rose in numbers

The end of the eighteenth century saw a growing preference for opera in which language?

the vernacular

Public concerts usually attracted what kind of audience?

the well-to-do, because concert tickets were expensive