HRPO 2307 chapter 5-9

Ari works as a manager for a minor league baseball team. Recently, his team pitcher has been having problems. He just isn't getting the number of strikes he used to in games gone by. The first thing Ari should consider as he tries to solve this problem is:

Whether or not his team's work systems might be getting in the way of player performance

Instrumentality

Which of the following terms refers to the belief that performance is related to rewards?

You are trying to convince a group of volunteers to show up at the library for their scheduled hours of work. Unfortunately, people tend to come in late on a regular basis, and this makes it difficult to get the books back on the shelves in a timely manner. You decide to give the volunteers a______ . Anyone who is on time for two weeks gets a $5 gift card from Starbucks. Soon, all of the volunteers are showing up for their shifts right on time.

a positive reinforcer

Every time you see Tess, your blood pressure goes up a little, and you start to growl and moan. Tess just annoys you to no end. Tess is:

a stressor

Sushil wants to have complete control over his employees. He sets goals for the team to achieve, and he works hard to influence his employees so they behave in ways that will lead to high team performance.

power

students. Her theory is that when students are in an environment in which more is expected of them, they will be more motivated. Gwen is looking at a of motivation.

process theory

Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation?

supervision

Which of the following statements accurately describes family motivation?

It provides energy, even when one's intrinsic motivation is low.

Do you think some kind of reward would be appropriate to motivate Van? If so, what should it be?

Full tuition for a course of his choice

If a manager wants her employees to be fully engaged at work, what is the most important thing she should do? Check all that apply.

Help her employees learn to manage their energy.

Crystal wants to help her employees to become more productive, and she has been reading about the concept of eustress. What could Crystal do to help her employees increase their levels of eustress, without having them fall into distress?

Help her employees see that they can interpret work events in many different ways, and encourage them to see the positives in even negative events.

Most motivation theories in use today have been developed by and about

Americans

Raphael is managing 10 criminal justice case managers. Recently, he realized that his employees weren't meeting their performance standards. Raphael is worried about this, and as a result, he decides to try some new management techniques. The first thing Raphael tries is to remodel the office. Raphael gives each employee an updated workspace.

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, Raphael is planning on changing a hygiene factor . Raphael's planned change is likely to lead his employees to have neutral job satisfaction .

Which of the following best describes Maia's motivation to work on Wall Street for two years?

Alderfer's growth category

Which of the following sentences should Sharon use to increase Van's instrumentality?

Any employee who increases sales by 10% this month will receive a reward.

Suppresses the immune system as well as restorative and emergent processes

Body Response Suppresses the immune system as well as restorative and emergent processes-4 Redirects blood to the brain and large-muscle groups-1 Releases glucose (blood sugar) and fatty acids into the bloodstream-3 Increases alertness through improved vision, hearing, and other sensory processes-2

Nikita's manager, Tanya, made a big mistake when she wrote Nikita's last performance review. Tanya forgot to include any information on Nikita's new sales technique, which brought their company an additional $1,500,000 in sales last year. In performance measurement, this indicates a:

Deficiency problem

Management at Work Shirley works as a receptionist and technician at an animal shelter. Her boss, Shane, believes that smiling at the people who come to the shelter leads to more dogs being adopted. Recently, he has been nagging his employees to smile. Last week, Shane noticed that Shirley smiled and immediately greeted a family who was at the animal shelter looking for a new dog. Shane decides to use either positive reinforcement or avoidance learning to increase Shirley's behavior. Now Shane is asking for your advice about exactly what to do to use each technique. He understands that he should do something each time he sees Shirley smiling, but what? Should he give her instructions on how to greet customers? Give her a bonus? Stop nagging her about smiling? Or pay no attention to her?

Helping customers- A- positive reinforcement- more helping- give her a bonus B- avoidance learning- more helping- stop nagging her

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

I will increase my sales revenues by 20% by the end of the calendar year.

Performance appraisals do all of the following except:

Identify an employee's personality traits

Bella has been working hard to make sure her team performs at the highest level possible. Bella knows that her organization has high goals for the upcoming year, and she wants her team to be recognized for helping to accomplish those goals.

In this example, Bella was using socialized power, which is a constructive force in organizational behavior.

All of the following statements accurately describe ERG theory EXCEPT

It groups human needs into categories; external, regressive, and growth

What is a benefit of 360-degree feedback in performance appraisals?

It improves the accuracy of performance appraisals.

All of the following statements accurately describe goal setting EXCEPT

It is most useful in small, unpredictable organizations.

Your boss, the Senior Vice President of Human Resources, has asked you for some ideas on performance management. Which of the following would be good suggestions to give him?

Make sure that employees don't feel entitled because of the system. Combine both individual and team elements when linking rewards and performance. Set up the system so that employees get regular feedback.

Which need theory of motivation focuses only on higher-order needs and ignores the lower-order needs?

McGregor's Theory X and theory Y

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentor relationships go through four phases: initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition.

Which of the following are predictors of performance? Check all that apply.

Mixed emotional intelligence General mental ability

All of the following statements accurately describe rewarding performance EXCEPT

Reward decisions are among the simplest and easiest decisions managers make.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a quality performance feedback session?

Supervisors must establish mutual trust and be vulnerable to challenges from the employee.

All of the following statements accurately describe motivation factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT

The absence of motivation factors leads to dissatisfaction.

Which of the following is likely to happen when an employee's skills do not match the expectations of his or her manager? Check all that apply.

The employee might become depressed./ The employee might experience burnout.

According to Maslow, what level of needs motivate behavior?

The lowest level of ungratified needs.

What does the stress response begin with?

The release of chemical messengers, such as adrenaline, into the body

With which of the following ideas would Sigmund Freud agree?

The unconscious mind influences human motivation.

If a manager uses positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect?

To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors/ To satisfy the employees' lower-level needs

Dave has always wanted to be a professional golfer. To achieve his goal, he has to work hard. So he plays 9 holes of golf twice a day, spends two to three hours working on his putting, runs, has a cardio workout that he does 4 times a week, and plays some other sport, like tennis or basketball, 3 times a week. Dave wants to be the best!

achievement

Genevieve is overjoyed to have been chosen to work on her company's most prestigious and challenging project. She asks her supervisor to set up weekly progress meetings, so she can receive timely feedback and to permit her to work from home two days per week, so she can avoid distractions. According to McClelland's Need Theory, Genevieve has a high need for

achievement

McClelland found that people who had a high need for _____ tend to perform better than those without such a need.

achievement

Tula is a social worker. It's a hard job, but Tula loves it because she gets to form bonds with her clients. Tula wants her clients to share their emotions with her, and she often shares stories from her own life with her clients.

affiliation

Leila's office just put in a new performance management system. But Leila's not sure that things are going so well. Even though the system links pay and performance, some of Leila's coworkers are starting to get very competitive. It seems like they care about themselves more than they care about their teammates. Leila's company is likely to have put in performance management system.

an individual

All of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy EXCEPT

application of desirable consequences

Which motivational theory classification emphasizes the nature of the interaction between the individual and the environment?

b. process theories

Which of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy? Check all that apply.

behavior models / persuasion from other people / prior experiences

se your knowledge of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to fill in the labels on the following image

c- safety and security needs b-esteem needs c-self-actualization needs

When do Barcelona's chefs and general managers (GMs) set goals?

during Wednesday "war room" meetings

According to Brahm, what motivated the first few Urban Escapes employees to work for the company?

enjoyment

Cultural researchers have found that expectancy theory does not hold up well in cultures that are

collectivist

One benefit of individual reward systems over team reward systems is that they encourage

competition.

Ginny is very excited. She was assigned a senior vice president, Kenji, as a mentor, and the two of them seem to be getting along really well. This week, Kenji asked Ginny to make a list of the questions Ginny had about the organization. The two of them have a meeting set up for next Tuesday, and Kenji has promised to answer all of Ginny's questions. What phase of the mentorship process are Ginny and Kenji going to be in during that meeting?

cultivation

What is the first step in performance management?

define performance in behavioral terms

Which of the following is an individual contribution, according to Etzioni's exchange relationship?

developmental potential

Which of the following terms in Kelley's attribution theory refers to the cue indicating the degree to which an individual behaves the same way in other situations?

distinctiveness

You've been at your company for 10 years, but now your work is starting to get to you. You're having trouble sleeping, and you can't seem to concentrate during the day. To make matters worse, you've developed an eye twitch that happens whenever your boss walks into the room. What is your reaction to your work?

distress

Claire and Raj work similar jobs for the same company. Since Raj has more experience than Claire, he earns a higher salary. Claire reacts to this realization by putting in less effort. She now believes she makes more money per hour of "real" work than Raj, which makes her happy. Claire would be considered

entitled

Which characteristic of effective performance appraisal systems refers to the fair evaluation against established criteria, regardless of individual differences?

equitability

Which of the following terms refers to healthy, normal stress?

eustress

When Andy chastises chefs and GMs on poor numbers, he is using

extinction

While in group meetings, Josef tends to daydream and ignore the business at hand. When Josef does participate, his supervisor compliments his ideas and thanks him. When Josef daydreams, his supervisor says nothing. This is an example of

extinction

This scenario shows a ___ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed interval

Jo just got a set of goals for the year from her manager. Jo isn't happy because nobody asked her what goals she wanted to accomplish for the year. As a result, she doesn't pay much attention to the goals she receives from her manager. This situation shows a problem with:

goal commitment

All of the following are reliability problems in performance appraisal systems EXCEPT

he poorly defined task performance

Finn isn't sure how he's going to put his family life together with his worklife anymore. After his divorce, he got custody of the kids, but his wife got the house. Finn had to move across town, and now his kids can't go to the daycare center they've been using - it's too far from Finn's work. Finn is feeling stressed as he looks for a new daycare center that's closer to his new house and his workplace.

home

Noel overheard one of his employees, Pablo, saying to another employee, Paul, "I just don't know what to do! Usually everything around here is so calm, but recently, things seem a lot more chaotic. It's stressing me out, and I don't know whether to try and fix it or just find another job."

homeostatic/ medical

Expectancy theory is more likely to hold up well in a country that values

individualism

In reading the above dialogue, it is clear that Diana believes that her are lower than yours, but her allowance is the same, so her are equal to yours. From your perspective, this situation is .

inputs, outcomes, inequitable

ou are worried about your classmate, Fala. For the last few weeks, Fala has been coming late to class, and she isn't turning in her homework on time. This week, she even offered you money if you would write a term paper for her. You know that Fala is struggling with other classes, too. Based on that knowledge, you are likely to assign an cause to Fala's behavior because of .

internal/ distinctiveness

In the cognitive approach to learning, which of the following personality preference types most likely will scan research reports for the overall theme and then go with their gut as to what research findings can be apply to their organization?

intuitive thinker

The _______ states that a behavior that is rewarded will increase, while the _______ approach to motivation focuses on changing or modifying behavior through the appropriate use of rewards and punishments.

law of effect / reinforcement

Which of the following combinations of informational cues would lead to an internal attribution?

low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency

Loehr's full engagement idea asserts that people must

manage energy rather than time.

Which of the following is a goal-setting program developed by Peter Drucker based on interaction and negotiation between employees and managers?

management by objectives

David McClelland's needs theory involves three ________ needs.

manifest

To understand altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior, we must understand an individual's

moral maturity

Aaron knows he works much harder than Byron, has a more advanced university degree, but makes about one-third less money. According to Adams's theory, Aaron is perceiving a situation of

negative inequity.

Which statement accurately describes the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

negative reinforcement

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the supervisor during a performance review?

not accepting any excludes for poor performance

Which of the following statements best represents a Theory Y assumption?

people resist organizational needs because of prior experiences

The power of earning rests on a direct link between

performance and rewards.

Noel's best worker, Nagla, was grumbling. "Why doesn't Noel just let me focus on inventories instead of trying to get me to do management all the time? I'm great at inventories, but I'm no good at managing people!"

person- environment fit

Ava is a firefighter, and she's learned some interesting things about her job in the last few months. It turns out that women who are firefighters have a much higher incidence of breast cancer than other women do, possibly because they are exposed to hazardous chemicals while fighting fires. Ava is worried about this, and now she's trying to figure out if she should keep her job or leave it.

physical

Feedback is and has , while development is and has

quantitative/ performance measures/ qualitative/ competencies for development

Goals can reduce because they remove ambiguity from a situation.

role stress

Drew is committed to his work because of the excellent retirement plan. Which need in Maslow's hierarchy is fulfilled in this example?

safety and security

In America, self-actualization is the pinnacle need on Maslow's hierarchy. When studying cultures with a high need to avoid uncertainty, researchers found workers' pinnacle need to be

safety and security

Which of the following did researchers classify both as a motivational factor and a hygiene factor?

salary

Taylor's ______ theory of motivation says that it is more important to increase the overall profits of an organization than it is to focus on the division of those profits between management and labor.

scientific management

How does Barcelona measure performance in quantitative terms?

secret shopper reports

Deb is studying climate change. She's focused on getting the best data she can, and she pays close attention to her numbers. Not only can she tell you the temperature every day for the last 100 years, she can also tell you about atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, the planet's average surface temperature, ocean rise levels, the amount of glacier shrinkage, and dozens of other important numeric facts. Deb thinks the details matter, and she's determined to get them right.

sensor

Which theory of learning asserts that learning occurs when we observe other people and model their behavior?

social learning

I want to save enough money to have a secure retirement by the time I'm 50.

specific

Which of the following, according to COO Scott, is the most critical component of restaurant management for him?

the feedback loop

One type of internal motivation theory, the ______, says that hard work is linked to salvation.

the protestant work ethic

Mary Anne believes that her employees are naturally lazy and that they must be constantly motivated to work by outside forces.

theory x

Bindu believes that her employees are not passive by nature. But she is worried that they may have become passive because of their experiences in her company.

theory y

Jackie is a financial analyst, and she loves it. Her job requires that she use her skills in logical thinking to analyze problems and figure out solutions. She can be a little removed from her clients, which she likes. The sales team takes care of a lot of interpersonal tasks. Jackie just analyzes the data and crunches the numbers and then gives you her best analysis!

thinker

I want to save $20,000 for a down-payment on a $500,000 house.

time- bound

The intersection of actual performance and measured performance is called

true assessment.