HTH 320 Test 1
scales of measurement
identifies how properties of numbers can change with different uses
independent variable
manipulated in an experiment
Sample
A set of selected individuals, items, or data taken from a population of interest
true
A ztransformation can be computed to locate sample means in a sampling distribution.
A sample mean is always equal to the population mean
False
False
For the experimental sampling strategy, the order in which a participant is selected does matter, and once selected, each participant is replaced before sampling again.
False
The standard error of the mean is typically reported in the text of a research article, but never a graph or table.
False
If a researcher selects a sample of 64 participants from a population with a variance of 16, then the standard error of the mean will be 2.0.
true
If a researcher selects a sample with a mean of 8, then the mean of the sampling distribution of possible sample means will also equal 8.
true
If data are reported as 12 ±20(M ± SEM), then the standard error of the mean is equal to 20.
Interval Scale
No true zero and is distributed in equal units
False
Researchers typically sample with replacement, although the development of statistical theory was based on the use of sampling without replacement.
Ratio Scale
has a true zero and is distributed in equal units
Coding
The procedure of converting a nominal or categorical variable to a numeric value
True
The sample mean is an unbiased estimator, follows the central limit theorem, and has minimum variance.
Ordinal Scale
Value that conveys order or rank alone
population parameter
a characteristic that describes a population
Nominal Scale
a number that is assigned to represent someone or something
Population
a set of all individuals, items, or data of interest
statistics
branch of mathematics used to summarize, analyze, and interpret a group of numbers or observations
Sample Statistic
characteristic (usually numerical) that describes a sample
Continuous variable
measured along a continuum
dependent variable
measured in each group of a study
data
measurements or observations that are typically numerical
Quasi-independent Variable
pre-existing variable that is often a characteristic inherent to an individual
Inferential statistics
procedures used to allow researchers to infer or generalize observations made with samples to the larger population from which they were selected
descriptive statistics
procedures used to summarize, organize, and make sense of a set of scores or observation
Science
study of phenomna such as behavior through strict observation, evaluation, interpretation, and theoretical explanation
True
the central limit theorem states that the sampling distribution will approach the shape of a normal distribution as the number of samples in the sampling distribution increases
Experiment
use of methods and procedures to make observations in which the researcher fully controls the conditions and experiences of participants
discrete
variable measured in whole units or categories
quantitative
varies by amount
qualitative variable
varies by class
